作物杂志,2025, 第4期: 197–205 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.025

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同保水剂对植烟土壤细菌群落结构及烤烟产量和质量的影响

严定伟1(), 杨建新2, 郭杰3, 梁一凡1, 罗菲1, 付光明1, 李军正2, 常剑波2, 张玉林3(), 姬小明1()   

  1. 1河南农业大学烟草学院,450046,河南郑州
    2河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,472000,河南三门峡
    3河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司卢氏分公司,472200,河南三门峡
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 修回日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 姬小明,主要从事烟草化学研究,E-mail:xiaomingji@henau.edu.cn;张玉林为共同通信作者,研究方向为烟草栽培,E-mail:172473573@qq.com
  • 作者简介:严定伟,主要从事烟草化学品质研究,E-mail:1053286727@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司项目(2022411200200004x);国家级大学生创新创业项目(202210466046)

Effects of Different Water-Retaining Agents on the Bacterial Community Structure of Tobacco-Planting Soil and the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

Yan Dingwei1(), Yang Jianxin2, Guo Jie3, Liang Yifan1, Luo Fei1, Fu Guangming1, Li Junzheng2, Chang Jianbo2, Zhang Yulin3(), Ji Xiaoming1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2Sanmenxia Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Sanmenxia 472000, Henan, China
    3Sanmenxia Company Lushi Branch of Henan Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia 472200, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-03-27 Revised:2024-04-26 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

摘要: 为探究不同保水剂对植烟土壤细菌群落结构及对烤烟产量和质量的影响,通过大田试验,以不施保水剂为对照(CK),设置T1(90 kg/hm2市售商用保水剂)、T2(90 kg/hm2长效钾型保水剂)、T3[90 kg/hm2自制羧甲基纤维素钠复合保水剂(AM/CMC)]和T4[90 kg/hm2自制腐殖酸钾复合保水剂(AM/HAK)]共5个处理,考察不同保水剂对植烟土壤养分、含水率、细菌群落结构、优势菌相对丰度、主要菌门的相对丰度与土壤化学性质相关性及烤烟产量和质量的影响。结果表明,T4处理效果较好,在移栽后60 d时土壤含水率、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量相较于CK分别提高了15.62%、19.73%、19.86%、5.08%和30.65%;较T1处理分别提高了13.81%、15.51%、14.32%、1.56%、24.07%,较T2处理分别提高了11.02%、10.85%、8.42%、0.72%、15.65%。T4处理后土壤细菌香农指数、ACE指数和Chao1指数较CK均有所提高,并且提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度;主要菌门相对丰度与多数土壤因子存在显著相关关系。T4处理提高了烤后烟产量和质量。综上所述,施用AM/HAK可以改善土壤质量和细菌群落结构,提高烤烟产量和质量。

关键词: 保水剂, 烤烟, 土壤养分, 细菌群落结构, 产量, 质量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different water-retaining agents on the bacterial community structure of tobacco-planting soil, as well as on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted. With no water-retaining agent applied as the control (CK), five treatments were set up: T1 (90 kg/ha commercial water retention agent), T2 (90 kg/ha long-acting potassium-type water retention agent), T3 [90 kg/ha self-made sodium carboxymethyl cellulose composite water retention agent (AM/CMC)], and T4 [self-made potassium humate composite water retention agent (AM/HAK) water retention agent] to examine the effects of different water-retaining agents on the nutrients, moisture content, and bacterial community structure, relative abundance of dominant bacteria, correlation of relative abundance of major phyla and soil chemical properties, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the effect of T4 was better, and the contents of soil moisture, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 15.62%, 19.73%, 19.86%, 5.08% and 30.65%, respectively, compared with CK 60 days after transplanting. Compared with T1 treatment, they increased 13.81%, 15.51%, 14.32%, 1.56%, 24.07%, and compared with T2 treatment, they increased 11.02%, 10.85%, 8.42%, 0.72%, 15.65%, respectively. After T4 treatment, soil bacterial Shannon index, ACE index and Chao1 index were increased relative abundance of compared to CK, and increased Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi; the relative abundance of the major bacterial phyla was significantly correlated with most of the soil factors. The application of AM/HAK improved the yield and quality of roasted tobacco. In conclusion, the application of AM/HAK can improve soil quality and bacterial community structure, and improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: Water-retaining agent, Flue-cured tobacco, Soil nutrients, Bacterial community structure, Yield, Quality

表1

不同保水剂对烟株不同生育期农艺性状的影响

移栽后天数
Days after
transplanting (d)
处理
Treatment
株高
Plant height
(cm)
最大叶长
Maximum leaf
length (cm)
最大叶宽
Maximum leaf
width (cm)
茎围
Stem girth
(cm)
有效叶数
Effective number
of leaves
45 CK 20.5±2.5c 27.5±1.5b 12.0±0.5c 4.3±0.3c 6.7±0.6c
T1 23.7±3.4c 27.9±0.6b 12.5±0.6c 4.4±0.2c 7.3±0.6bc
T2 27.8±4.7bc 30.6±4.7ab 13.8±2.9bc 4.9±0.3bc 7.7±0.6b
T3 30.00±2.4a 35.3±2.4a 17.0±0.3a 5.7±0.4a 9.0±0.0a
T4 29.2±5.2ab 33.6±1.0a 15.6±0.9ab 5.5±0.7ab 8.7±0.6a
60 CK 34.8±3.2c 40.7±1.9c 17.0±0.8c 5.6±0.4b 8.7±1.2d
T1 40.0±1.7b 42.0±1.7c 17.2±0.3b 5.9±0.8ab 10.3±0.6bc
T2 42.3±1.7ab 45.4±1.3b 18.1±0.2ab 6.4±1.1ab 11.7±0.6cd
T3 43.9±0.9ab 47.1±1.1b 19.7±0.4ab 6.5±0.8ab 14.0±1.7a
T4 45.1±2.2a 51.3±1.0a 21.2±1.9a 7.2±0.2a 13.3±0.6ab
75 CK 99.3±6.0c 56.0±2.3c 24.0±0.5c 8.8±0.8c 14.3±1.2b
T1 110.5±0.4b 58.5±0.3bc 24.9±2.3c 8.6±0.3b 14.0±1.0b
T2 114.2±3.0b 60.1±0.5b 25.8±0.6bc 9.2±0.3b 15.7±0.6ab
T3 125.9±5.2a 64.5±1.1a 28.7±1.0a 9.4±0.4a 16.7±0.6a
T4 130.3±1.5a 66.7±3.6a 28.2±1.3ab 9.9±0.1a 17.0±1.0a
90 CK 120.0±2.5c 59.1±2.0b 24.1±0.9d 9.0±0.4b 18.7±1.2a
T1 129.3±3.2b 61.6±4.6b 25.8±0.4c 9.8±0.5ab 18.7±1.5a
T2 130.2±0.9b 63.5±2.2b 27.2±0.5b 9.7±0.2ab 19.7±2.3a
T3 135.3±0.9a 64.4±1.8ab 29.0±0.4a 10.0±1.3ab 20.7±0.6a
T4 138.4±2.4a 68.8±2.3a 29.2±0.9a 10.4±0.6a 21.3±0.6a

图1

不同保水剂对烟叶SPAD值的影响 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同。

图2

不同保水剂对土壤含水率的影响

表2

不同保水剂对土壤养分的影响

处理
Treatment
有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)
碱解氮
Available
nitrogen (mg/kg)
有效磷
Effective phosphorus
(mg/kg)
速效钾
Available
potassium (mg/kg)
全碳
Total carbon
(g/kg)
全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)
CK 16.98±0.94d 110.37±3.16d 17.32±0.03d 226.85±10.61d 10.91±0.67c 1.18±0.02c
T1 17.60±0.77cd 115.73±3.86cd 17.92±0.18cd 238.88±10.61cd 12.31±0.20b 1.22±0.04bc
T2 18.34±0.57bc 122.03±2.83bc 18.07±0.07bc 256.26±10.09bc 13.73±0.43b 1.28±0.06bc
T3 19.58±0.77b 128.57±2.25b 18.14±0.19b 273.64±14.09b 15.81±0.78a 1.30±0.05b
T4 20.33±0.57a 132.30±2.52a 18.20±0.13a 296.37±10.09a 16.76±0.10a 1.48±0.10a

图3

各处理细菌群落OTU

表3

细菌群落α多样性

处理
Treatment
Sobs指数
Sobs index
香农指数
Shannon index
辛普森指数
Simpson index
ACE指数
ACE index
Chao1指数
Chao1 index
覆盖度
Coverage
CK 3231.33±123.9a 6.39±0.17a 0.00987±0.00426a 3901.59±234.13a 3742.35±201.03a 0.9813±0.00074b
T1 3190.67±57.14a 6.46±0.07a 0.00750±0.00152a 3861.95±22.65a 3757.38±15.35a 0.9827±0.00032ab
T2 3162.67±249.67a 6.50±0.15a 0.00677±0.00129a 3782.68±285.39a 3672.35±209.74a 0.9836±0.00108a
T3 3358.67±3.79a 6.47±0.08a 0.00908±0.00404a 4028.29±44.76a 3858.95±72.24a 0.9823±0.00067ab
T4 3228.00±75.11a 6.45±0.14a 0.01059±0.00711a 4008.51±114.85a 3857.64±133.33a 0.9830±0.00202ab

图4

不同处理细菌门水平上的物种相对丰度

图5

细菌群落在OTU水平PCA分析(a)和PcoA分析(b)

图6

土壤养分和细菌群落在门水平相关分析 “*”表示相关性显著(P < 0.05),“**”表示相关性极显著(P < 0.01)。

表4

烤后烟常规化学成分

处理
Treatment
烟碱
Nicotine
(%)
还原糖
Reducing
sugar (%)
总糖
Total sugar
(%)
总氮
Total nitrogen
(%)

K (%)

Cl (%)
钾氯比
Ratio of
K to Cl
两糖比
Ratio of reducing
sugar to total sugar
CK 3.54±0.06a 17.00±0.72d 26.83±0.45d 2.52±0.26a 1.05±0.04c 0.37±0.05a 2.86±0.44b 0.63±0.02c
T1 2.78±0.05bc 18.97±0.64c 26.47±0.64d 2.20±0.02b 1.10±0.03bc 0.35±0.05ab 3.15±0.36b 0.72±0.01a
T2 2.87±0.07b 21.33±0.57b 29.30±0.69c 2.50±0.04a 1.12±0.04bc 0.35±0.04ab 3.22±0.44b 0.73±0.03a
T3 2.66±0.07c 20.73±0.49b 31.07±0.25b 1.96±0.09c 1.16±0.05b 0.28±0.03b 4.17±0.44a 0.67±0.02b
T4 2.34±0.10d 23.97±0.15a 33.40±0.36a 1.85±0.08c 1.23±0.05a 0.28±0.03b 4.40±0.66a 0.72±0.01a

表5

烤后烟经济性状

处理
Treatment
产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
产值(元/hm2
Output value
(yuan/hm2)
上等烟比例
Propotion of high-
quality tobacco (%)
中上等烟比例
Proportion of medium and
high quality tobacco (%)
均价(元/kg)
Average price
(yuan/kg)
CK 2000.00±75.12b 52 917.00±3330.36b 45.44±2.85b 89.07±2.10c 26.44±0.67c
T1 2047.50±46.84b 55 233.50±1340.06b 47.39±3.25b 90.81±0.41bc 26.98±0.35c
T2 2085.00±46.84b 56 556.00±1297.78b 48.55±0.50b 90.65±1.06bc 27.13±0.16bc
T3 2225.00±37.75a 61 998.50±1169.51a 52.92±2.25a 91.68±1.00b 27.86±0.06ab
T4 2257.50±32.69a 63 335.50±1973.25a 54.93±1.96a 94.35±1.02a 28.05±0.60a
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