磷酸二氢钾与硼酸配施对番茄生长、果实品质与转色的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“红矮生番茄”为试验材料，设置磷酸二氢钾（CK）、磷酸二氢钾+0.5%硼酸（T1）、磷酸二氢钾+ 1.0%硼酸（T2）、磷酸二氢钾+1.5%硼酸（T3）4个处理，研究磷酸二氢钾与硼酸配施对番茄幼果期、绿熟期、转色期和红熟期4个时期的农艺性状、果实品质（可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C和果实硬度）和转色指标（类胡萝卜素、番茄红素、叶绿素）的营养协同调控效应的影响。结果表明，磷酸二氢钾与硼酸配施对促进番茄植株生长、改善果实品质、促进果实转色的作用效果显著。番茄在各个生长阶段对硼酸的需求存在显著差异，不同硼酸浓度对番茄的生长效果有不同的影响。幼果期和转色期，T2处理效果最好，主要提升了茎粗、维生素C、叶绿素及可溶性糖等指标；而绿熟期和红熟期，T3处理效果最佳，有助于改善果实硬度、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素和番茄红素等指标。研究证实，动态调整硼酸浓度与磷酸二氢钾配施策略，可精准匹配番茄阶段生理需求，优化品质，促进转色。

关键词: 磷酸二氢钾, 硼酸, 番茄, 生长, 品质与转色, 营养协同

Abstract:

'Red Dwarf Tomato' was used as the test material, and four treatments were set up: monopotassium phosphate (CK), monopotassium phosphate + 0.5% boric acid (T1), monopotassium phosphate + 1.0% boric acid (T2), and monopotassium phosphate + 1.5% boric acid (T3). The effects of monopotassium phosphate and boric acid on agronomic traits, fruit quality (soluble sugars, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and fruit firmness), and the nutritional synergistic regulation mechanisms of color change (carotenoids, lycopene, chlorophyll) in tomato at the young fruit, green mature, color-changing, and red mature stages were studied. The results showed that the combined application of monopotassium phosphate and boric acid significantly promoted tomato plant growth, improved fruit quality, and facilitated fruit color development. There were significant differences in boron requirements across different growth stages of tomato, with varying effects of different boric acid concentrations on tomato growth. T2 treatment had the most optimal effect at the young fruit and color-changing stages, which increased stem diameter, vitamin C, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, while T3 treatment was most effective at the green mature and red mature stages, which improved fruit hardness, titratable acid, carotenoids, and lycopene. The study indicate that dynamically adjusting the boric acid concentration and monopotassium phosphate application strategy can precisely meet the physiological needs of tomatoes at different stages, optimize fruit quality, and enhance color change.

Key words: Monopotassium phosphate, Boric acid, Tomato, Growth, Quality and color-changing, Nutritional synergy

黄鑫燕, 匡家灵, 陈月舞, 徐若, 杨紫绚, 吴圣楠, 张一晨, 赵伟丽. 磷酸二氢钾与硼酸配施对番茄生长、果实品质与转色的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (5): 197–205

Huang Xinyan, Kuang Jialing, Chen Yuewu, Xu Ruo, Yang Zixuan, Wu Shengnan, Zhang Yichen, Zhao Weili. Effects of Combined Application of Monopotassium Phosphate and Boric Acid on Growth, Fruit Quality, and Fruit Coloration of Tomato[J]. Crops, 2026(5): 197–205

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时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	SPAD值 SPAD value	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)
幼果期 Young fruit	CK	50.37±1.04a	7.17±0.25a	21.00±0.87a
	T1	49.18±0.03a	7.97±0.45a	20.17±1.53a
	T2	50.37±1.64a	7.77±0.64a	21.83±1.76a
	T3	50.07±0.96a	7.08±0.71a	22.33±0.76a
绿熟期 Mature green	CK	47.43±1.87a	7.71±0.39b	24.17±0.29b
	T1	48.07±1.41a	8.05±0.40ab	25.17±1.04ab
	T2	48.57±0.15a	8.74±0.59a	24.67±1.53ab
	T3	48.48±2.34a	7.83±0.56ab	27.33±2.25a
转色期 Color-changing	CK	49.02±3.02a	7.95±0.05b	24.67±0.76b
转色期 Color-changing	T1	49.40±1.74a	8.48±0.53ab	25.33±0.76b
	T2	48.83±0.51a	9.04±0.43a	26.33±1.44ab
	T3	47.50±0.53a	8.60±0.22ab	28.50±2.60a
红熟期 Red ripe	CK	48.67±1.83a	8.40±0.41b	25.50±1.32b
红熟期 Red ripe	T1	48.50±1.13a	8.62±0.09ab	26.83±1.76ab
	T2	48.62±2.58a	9.23±0.55a	27.83±1.89ab
	T3	46.83±2.64a	9.02±0.17ab	30.17±2.57a

项目 Item	载荷系数 Load coefficient
项目 Item	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3
X₁	0.199	-0.743	0.356
X₂	-0.083	0.533	0.648
X₃	0.485	-0.719	0.100
X₄	0.594	0.117	0.673
X₅	0.198	0.929	-0.074
X₆	0.892	0.135	0.100
X₇	0.556	0.096	-0.382
X₈	0.902	0.003	-0.339
X₉	0.905	0.081	0.131
X₁₀	0.958	0.039	-0.147
初始特征值Initial eigenvalue	4.327	2.266	1.325
方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	43.27	22.66	13.25
累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)	43.27	65.93	79.18

处理 Treatment	主成分1 PC1		主成分2 PC2
处理 Treatment	得分Score	排序Ranking	得分Score	排序Ranking
CK	-2.36	4	-1.23	4
T1	-1.43	3	1.49	1
T2	2.07	1	0.21	2
T3	1.72	2	-0.47	3
处理 Treatment	主成分3 PC3		综合Comprehensive
处理 Treatment	得分Score	排序Ranking	得分Score	排序Ranking
CK	-0.24	3	-1.68	4
T1	0.49	1	-0.27	3
T2	0.25	2	1.23	1
T3	-0.50	4	0.72	2

项目 Item	载荷系数Load coefficient
项目 Item	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3	主成分4 PC4
X₁	0.504	0.356	0.160	-0.244
X₂	0.245	-0.661	0.628	0.177
X₃	0.504	0.769	0.328	-0.136
X₄	0.802	-0.424	0.240	-0.033
X₅	0.719	-0.238	-0.581	0.076
X₆	0.744	-0.285	0.011	0.392
X₇	0.731	-0.419	-0.080	0.157
X₈	0.376	0.849	0.138	0.323
X₉	0.924	-0.120	0.149	-0.118
X₁₀	0.765	0.496	0.115	0.076
X₁₁	0.586	-0.160	-0.127	-0.774
X₁₂	0.559	0.235	-0.586	0.172
初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue	5.052	2.711	1.342	1.047
方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	42.10	22.59	11.18	8.73
累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)	42.10	64.69	75.87	84.60

处理 Treatment		主成分1 PC1			主成分2 PC2			主成分3 PC3
处理 Treatment		得分 Score	排序 Ranking		得分 Score	排序 Ranking		得分 Score		排序 Ranking
CK		-3.49	4		0.35	2		-0.03		3
T1		1.50	1		-0.95	3		-0.44		4
T2		1.04	2		-1.11	4		0.41		2
T3		0.95	3		1.71	1		0.07		1
处理 Treatment	主成分4 PC4						综合Comprehensive
处理 Treatment	得分Score			排序Ranking			得分Score		排序Ranking
CK	-0.12			2			-1.66		4
T1	-0.55			4			0.38		3
T2	1.05			1			0.39		2
T3	-0.38			3			0.90		1