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作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 189–196 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.022

• • 上一篇    下一篇

磷肥配施解磷菌生物有机肥对苦荞生长与磷素利用的影响

赵佳1(), 王晓勇1, 张轶珺2, 裴红宾2, 高振峰3()   

  1. 1 晋中学院生物科学与技术系， 030619， 山西晋中
    2 山西师范大学生命科学学院， 030031， 山西太原
    3 山西农业大学食品学院， 030031， 山西太原
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 修回日期:2025-09-05 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 高振峰，主要从事微生物发酵研究，E-mail：815336057@qq.com
  • 作者简介:赵佳，主要从事微生物发酵研究，E-mail：zhaojia.00@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省自然科学研究面上项目“新型生物有机肥对苦荞节磷栽培的影响”(202403021211049)

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Combined with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterial Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Phosphorus Utilization in Fagopyrum tataricum

Zhao Jia1(), Wang Xiaoyong1, Zhang Yijun2, Pei Hongbin2, Gao Zhenfeng3()   

  1. 1 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
    2 College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    3 College of Food Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2025-06-16 Revised:2025-09-05 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

为探究解磷菌Bacillus vallismortis gz4-1生物有机肥在苦荞栽培中的减磷增效潜力，以晋荞6号为供试材料，采用盆栽试验，设置常规施肥（CK）、全量生物有机肥（P0）及梯度减磷1/2（P1）、1/3（P2）、1/4（P3）、1/5（P4）配施生物有机肥处理，系统分析其对苦荞生长、生理特性、产量及磷素吸收的影响。结果表明，P3处理显著促进苦荞花期的生长，其株高（60.08 cm）、茎粗（5.01 mm）、茎叶干重（4.25 g）、主根长（21.66 cm）、根系表面积（0.785 m2）、根系体积（6.97 cm3）和根系干重（0.77 g）均为处理间最大值；同时，该处理下超氧化物歧化酶（498.91 U/g）和过氧化物酶活性[67.41 U/(g·min)]较CK处理分别提升26.67%和27.04%，根系活力[0.8288 μg/(g·h)]与叶绿素含量（11.37 mg/g）分别增加46.27%和10.49%。产量方面，P3处理单株粒重（3.06 g）和千粒重（15.83 g）较CK处理分别显著提高27.50%和10.54%，籽粒可溶性蛋白（15.10 mg/g）和黄酮含量（2.19%）较CK处理分别显著提升24.17%和60.76%。磷素动态分析显示，P3处理在收获期根系、茎部和叶片磷含量较CK处理分别增加23.68%、14.16%和9.03%。综上，磷肥减量1/4配施gz4-1生物有机肥是苦荞高产优质栽培的适宜用量。

关键词: 苦荞, 解磷菌, 减磷配施, 生物有机肥, 磷素利用

Abstract:

To investigate the potential of phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus vallismortis gz4-1 bio-organic fertilizer in reducing phosphorus (P) input and enhancing its efficiency in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) cultivation, a pot experiment was conducted using Jinqiao No. 6 as the test material. Six treatments were established: conventional fertilization (CK), full-rate bio-organic fertilizer (P0), and gradient P reduction by 1/2 (P1), 1/3 (P2), 1/4 (P3), and 1/5 (P4) combined with bio-organic fertilizer. The effects on Tartary buckwheat growth, physiological characteristics, yield, and P uptake were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the P3 treatment significantly promoted growth at the flowering stage, with plant height (60.08 cm), stem diameter (5.01 mm), stem-leaf dry weight (4.25 g), main root length (21.66 cm), root surface area (0.785 m2), root volume (6.97 cm3), and root dry weight (0.77 g) all reaching the highest values among treatments. Under the P3 treatment, superoxide dismutase activity (498.91 U/g) and peroxidase activity [67.41 U/(g·min)] increased by 26.67% and 27.04%, respectively, compared with CK, while root vigor [0.8288 μg/(g·h)] and chlorophyll content (11.37 mg/g) increased by 46.27% and 10.49%, respectively. In terms of yield, the P3 treatment significantly increased grain weight per plant (3.06 g) and 1000-grain weight (15.83 g) by 27.50% and 10.54%, respectively, compared with CK. Grain soluble protein content (15.10 mg/g) and flavonoid content (2.19%) were also significantly enhanced by 24.17% and 60.76%, respectively, compared with CK. Phosphorus dynamics analysis revealed that at harvest, the P3 treatment increased P content in roots, stems, and leaves by 23.68%, 14.16%, and 9.03%, respectively, compared with CK. In summary, a 1/4 reduction in P fertilizer combined with gz4-1 bio- organic fertilizer is the appropriate application rate for high-yield and high-quality Tartary buckwheat cultivation.

Key words: Fagopyrum tataricum, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Reduced phosphorus application, Bio-organic fertilizer, Phosphorus utilization

表1

不同处理的肥料添加量

处理
Treatment		 尿素
Urea		 过磷酸钙
Calcium
superphosphate		 氯化钾
Potassium
chloride		 生物有机肥
Bio-organic
fertilizer
CK 4.30 9.50 3.50 0.00
P0 0.00 0.00 0.00 150.00
P1 4.30 4.75 3.50 150.00
P2 4.30 6.34 3.50 150.00
P3 4.30 7.13 3.50 150.00
P4 4.30 7.60 3.50 150.00

表2

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苗期苦荞地上部生长指标的影响

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)		 茎叶干重
Stem-leaf dry
weight (g)
CK 17.86±0.08c 1.34±0.09e 6.04±0.08d 0.51±0.08c
P0 21.09±0.02b 2.24±0.09b 7.45±0.10b 0.61±0.02b
P1 22.50±0.02a 2.40±0.02a 8.22±0.09a 0.69±0.05a
P2 16.80±0.03d 1.27±0.06e 5.96±0.15e 0.48±0.04c
P3 20.03±0.05b 1.98±0.04c 6.39±0.42c 0.55±0.05c
P4 18.43±0.11c 1.63±0.08d 6.17±0.06d 0.52±0.04c

表3

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对花期苦荞地上部生长指标的影响

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)		 茎叶干重
Stem-leaf dry
weight (g)
CK 52.73±0.08d 4.18±0.03d 12.23±0.19d 3.34±0.07d
P0 50.78±0.05e 4.06±0.03e 12.06±0.62e 3.13±0.07e
P1 56.84±0.06b 4.59±0.03b 14.00±0.92a 3.91±0.03b
P2 54.78±0.04c 4.37±0.04c 13.16±1.27c 3.62±0.11c
P3 60.08±0.09a 5.01±0.09a 13.55±0.51b 4.25±0.09a
P4 49.22±0.06f 3.85±0.07f 11.89±0.74e 2.94±0.04f

表4

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苗期苦荞根系生长指标的影响

处理
Treatment		 主根长
Main root
length (cm)		 根表面积
Root surface
area (m2)		 根体积
Root volume
(cm3)		 根干重
Root dry
weight (g)
CK 11.68±0.02d 0.254±0.004c 2.86±0.11c 0.13±0.01d
P0 14.94±0.01b 0.309±0.004a 3.24±0.14b 0.20±0.01b
P1 16.33±0.05a 0.324±0.013a 3.56±0.08a 0.24±0.01a
P2 11.06±0.02d 0.207±0.007e 2.46±0.08d 0.08±0.01e
P3 13.06±0.05c 0.275±0.012b 3.22±0.11b 0.17±0.01c
P4 11.41±0.01d 0.229±0.012d 2.68±0.03c 0.10±0.01e

表5

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对花期苦荞根系生长指标的影响

处理
Treatment		 主根长
Main root
length (cm)		 根表面积
Root surface
area (m2)		 根体积
Root volume
(cm3)		 根干重
Root dry
weight (g)
CK 18.12±0.04c 0.733±0.003c 6.34±0.06d 0.64±0.02c
P0 17.25±0.04c 0.704±0.011d 6.21±0.04e 0.58±0.01e
P1 19.63±0.03b 0.756±0.006b 6.56±0.07c 0.71±0.03b
P2 20.18±0.02b 0.754±0.004b 6.76±0.04b 0.61±0.01d
P3 21.66±0.09a 0.785±0.007a 6.97±0.08a 0.77±0.01a
P4 16.36±0.02d 0.672±0.004e 6.01±0.03f 0.55±0.02e

表6

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对不同时期苦荞根系SOD、POD活性的影响

处理
Treatment		 SOD活性SOD activity (U/g) POD活性POD activity [U/(g·min)]
苗期Seedling stage 花期Flowering stage 苗期Seedling stage 花期Flowering stage
CK 233.81±5.78c 393.86±6.19c 25.82±0.50bc 53.06±1.44c
P0 305.37±7.94b 377.24±5.90cd 33.02±1.37a 48.57±0.81cd
P1 366.05±7.29a 424.93±6.54bc 30.01±1.38ab 59.81±0.73b
P2 214.72±6.45cd 455.56±4.56b 20.81±0.68c 63.58±0.76ab
P3 245.04±6.57c 498.91±9.03a 27.19±0.53b 67.41±0.87a
P4 274.57±7.61bc 345.09±6.91d 22.47±0.43bc 43.36±0.50d

表7

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对不同时期苦荞根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响

处理
Treatment		 根系活力Root vigor [μg/(g·h)] 叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g)
苗期Seedling stage 花期Flowering stage 苗期Seedling stage 花期Flowering stage
CK 0.2733±0.0047b 0.5666±0.0075d 6.18±0.07c 10.29±0.42ab
P0 0.3166±0.0045ab 0.6366±0.0033c 7.21±0.06ab 10.35±0.37ab
P1 0.3333±0.0050a 0.7835±0.0041b 7.47±0.07a 10.67±0.17ab
P2 0.2466±0.0047c 0.8363±0.0020a 5.93±0.10cd 11.12±0.16a
P3 0.2866±0.0043b 0.8288±0.0026a 6.93±0.07b 11.37±0.29a
P4 0.2200±0.0081c 0.4134±0.0041e 5.34±0.09d 9.47±0.16b

图1

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苦荞产量构成因素的影响 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05)。下同。

图2

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苦荞品质的影响

表8

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苦荞不同生长时期根系磷含量的影响

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 花期
Flowering stage		 收获期
Harvest stage
CK 1.13±0.08cd 1.64±0.04c 1.90±0.03b
P0 1.33±0.06b 1.50±0.02d 1.74±0.08bc
P1 1.63±0.04a 1.81±0.04b 2.27±0.04a
P2 0.98±0.12d 1.61±0.02c 2.16±0.13a
P3 1.28±0.06b 1.90±0.02a 2.35±0.12a
P4 1.21±0.02bc 1.41±0.02e 1.56±0.06c

表9

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苦荞不同生长时期茎部磷含量的影响

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 花期
Flowering stage		 收获期
Harvest stage
CK 1.02±0.10cd 2.03±0.09c 2.33±0.16c
P0 1.11±0.07bc 1.79±0.04d 2.04±0.08d
P1 1.42±0.03a 2.32±0.12b 2.53±0.06ab
P2 0.93±0.02d 2.07±0.03c 2.41±0.06bc
P3 1.20±0.06b 2.61±0.08a 2.66±0.03a
P4 1.14±0.06bc 1.55±0.08e 1.84±0.11e

表10

磷肥减量配施gz4-1生物有机肥对苦荞不同生长时期叶片磷含量的影响

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 花期
Flowering stage		 收获期
Harvest stage
CK 1.79±0.23b 2.64±0.11c 3.43±0.07cd
P0 1.92±0.02b 2.47±0.04d 3.33±0.05d
P1 2.53±0.21a 2.83±0.08b 3.62±0.04ab
P2 1.45±0.04c 2.57±0.03cd 3.50±0.03bc
P3 1.96±0.03b 3.06±0.10a 3.74±0.12a
P4 1.88±0.06b 2.25±0.05e 3.12±0.11e
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