Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 110-115.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.017

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Effects of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum

Zhang Ruidong,Cao Xiong,Yue Zhongxiao,Liang Xiaohong,Liu Jing,Huang Minjia   

  1. Institute of Industrial Crop, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Fenyang 032200, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-03-01 Revised:2018-07-12 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12
  • Contact: Xiong Cao

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of nitrogen amount and density on the sorghum yield. The experiment was carried out under field condition and the split plot design was used with the plant density as main plots and the nitrogen amount as the sub plots. The sorghum density were set as three levels with 7.5×10 4 plants/hm 2, 10.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 and 13.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 and the amount of N were set at five levels with 0kg/hm 2, 75kg/hm 2, 150kg/hm 2, 225kg/hm 2 and 300kg/hm 2, respectively. The results showed that the sorghum yield improved with the increased density and nitrogen application, and the yield was reached to the highest when the density was 10.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 and the nitrogen was applied with 225kg/hm 2. Under the different levels of nitrogen applications and plant densities, there was an obvious variation for ear number and grain number, however, small variations were obtained for the thousands seeds weight. It indicated that the grain yield was influenced by the plant density mainly affected by the ear number per area, and by the nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected by the grain number per panicle. A non-linear relationship was achieved between the nitrogen application and the sorghum yield which meants that the sorghum yield could be adjusted by the nitrogen application under the high plant density. For the agricultural utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, it was higher under high density level than that under low density level, and it firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. In addition, it was proved that the agricultural utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer reached to the highest with the plant density of 13.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 and nitrogen application of 150kg/hm 2. The study concluded that increasing the density and controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer were effective tools to increase the sorghum production and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The plant mode of nitrogen application of 225kg/hm 2 under the plant density of 10.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 for the variety of Jinza 23 was recommended in Fenyang region.

Key words: Sorghum, Nitrogen, Density, Yield component, Nitrogen use efficient

Table 1

The variance analysis of yield and agronomic traits by N fertilization and plant density"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per hm2		 穗粒数
Seeds per panicle		 千粒重(g)
1000-seed weight		 SPAD LAI 单株生物量(g)
Weight per plant		 HI 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
D1 N1 65 089.54e 2 797.26g 30.89ef 54.33a 4.55k 274.84cd 0.36a 5 806.94k
N2 65 447.48e 3 110.83e 31.14de 52.33b 4.64j 292.59b 0.36a 6 433.72j
N3 66 518.00e 3 261.49bc 31.61ab 51.67bc 4.82i 306.25a 0.35ab 7 081.06i
N4 66 622.95e 3 323.61ab 31.61ab 51.67bc 4.92h 309.53a 0.35abc 7 217.40gh
N5 66 682.61e 3 348.03a 31.67a 51.67bc 5.00h 312.41a 0.35abc 7 304.12fg
D2 N1 82 426.64d 2 753.65gh 30.39h 51.33bc 5.26g 271.05cde 0.34bcd 7 102.54hi
N2 83 352.63d 2 891.77f 31.05e 51.33bc 5.39f 280.60c 0.34cd 7 780.91e
N3 84 787.83cd 3 171.53de 31.39bcd 51.00bc 5.50e 303.25a 0.33de 8 713.25c
N4 86 022.16c 3 220.28cd 31.58abc 50.67bc 5.71d 307.28a 0.33de 8 953.46a
N5 86 869.81c 3 177.12de 31.33cd 50.00cd 5.85c 305.86a 0.33de 8 862.16ab
D3 N1 82 814.32d 2 623.85i 29.29j 50.00cd 6.25b 270.93de 0.33ef 6 437.84j
N2 93 187.07b 2 630.02i 30.04i 48.67de 6.34b 258.18fg 0.33ef 7 369.07f
N3 101 114.29a 2 654.81i 30.58gh 48.67de 6.44a 253.70g 0.32f 8 487.88d
N4 101 793.23a 2 749.50gh 30.70fg 47.00ef 6.47a 263.95ef 0.32f 8 866.05ab
N5 102 499.33a 2 702.34hi 30.70fg 45.33f 6.46a 263.90ef 0.30g 8 768.85bc
CV(%) 16.62 9.27 2.17 4.43 12.56 7.40 4.88 13.52
显著性检验（P值）Significance test（P value）
D 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0401 0.0001 0.0002 0.0027 0.0001
N 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
D×N 0.0001 0.0001 0.0334 0.2348 0.0001 0.0001 0.7808 0.0001

Table 2

The multiple comparison of yield and agronomic characters under different density and nitrogen levels"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per hm2		 穗粒数
Seeds per panicle		 千粒重(g)
1000-seed weight		 SPAD LAI 单株生物量(g)
Weight per plant		 HI 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
密度水平Level of density
D1 66 072.12c 3 168.24a 31.39a 51.20a 4.79c 299.12a 0.35a 6 768.65c
D2 84 691.82b 3 042.87b 31.15b 50.53ab 5.54b 293.61a 0.34b 8 282.46a
D3 96 281.65a 2 672.10c 30.26c 49.40b 6.39a 262.13b 0.32c 7 985.94b
CV(%) 18.51 8.71 1.92 1.81 14.36 7.00 4.54 10.45
氮水平Level of nitrogen
N1 76 776.84e 2 724.92e 30.19c 47.00d 5.35e 272.28c 0.31c 6 449.11d
N2 80 662.40d 2 877.54d 30.74b 49.56c 5.46d 277.12c 0.33b 7 194.56c
N3 84 140.04c 3 029.28c 31.19a 51.22b 5.59c 287.74b 0.34a 8 094.06b
N4 84 812.78b 3 097.80a 31.30a 51.44b 5.70b 293.59a 0.35a 8 345.64a
N5 85 350.59a 3 075.83b 31.24a 52.67a 5.77a 294.06a 0.34a 8 311.71a
CV(%) 4.39 5.32 1.52 4.35 3.08 3.45 4.54 10.83

Table 3

The correlation of the yield and agronomic traits of sorghum"

相关系数Correlation coefficient 单位面积穗数
Panicles per hm2		 穗粒数
Seeds per panicle		 千粒重
1000-seed weight		 SPAD LAI 单株生物量
Weight per plant		 HI 产量
Yield
单位面积穗数Panicles per hm2 1
穗粒数Seeds per panicle -0.62* 1
千粒重1000-seed weight -0.44 0.89** 1
SPAD -0.07 0.71** 0.85** 1
LAI 0.94** -0.62* -0.57* -0.14 1
单株生物量Weight per plant -0.65** 0.98** 0.80** 0.59* -0.61* 1
HI -0.41 0.86** 0.96** 0.86** -0.52* 0.73** 1
产量Yield 0.73** 0.07 0.25 0.52* 0.62* 0.02 0.23 1

Fig.1

Comparison of yield increasing efficiency by nitrogen fertilizer under different density levelsDifferent lowercase letters in the figure represent significant difference at the 5% level, the same below"

Fig.2

Comparison of nitrogen partial factor productivity under different density levels"

Fig.3

Comparison of nitrogen agronomic efficiency under different density levels"

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