Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 89-96.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.015

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Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substituting for Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Soil Fertility and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland

Ma Fanfan,Xing Sulin,Gan Manqin,Liu Peishi,Huang Yu,Gan Xiaoyu,Ma Youhua   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
  • Received:2019-04-08 Revised:2019-07-30 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Youhua Ma

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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different propertion of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on rice yield, soil fertility and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff in farmland. The results showed that 50% pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical treatment had the highest rice yield, reaching 10 439.66kg/hm 2. Rice yield increased in turn by 100%, 30% and 50% organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizer. Rice yield of pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer was higher than that of straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility effectively. The highest content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus was shown in 100% organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer treatment. The single application of chemical fertilizer treatment had the highest total nitrogen (TN) loss and loss rate that was 9.43kg/hm 2 and 4.91%, respectively. With the increase of proportions of organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizers, runoff TN loss and loss rate in rice fields decreased gradually. Compared with 100% organic fertilizer treatment, loss and loss rates of TN of 50% and 30% organic fertilizers substituting for chemical fertilizers increased significantly. However, the difference between the treatments of pig manure organic fertilizer and straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer was not significant. Total phosphorus (TP) loss and loss rate were the highest under the treatment of 100% straw and pig manure organic fertilizer, the TP loss was 1.815kg/hm 2 and 1.732kg/hm 2, respectively, and the TP loss rate was 1.08% and 1.02%, respectively. TP loss of 50% and 30% organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizers gradually decreased, and the loss and loss rate of TP by straw organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer were higher than that of pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer, and there was a significant difference. 50% pig manure organic fertilizer substituting for fertilizer treatment could effectively reduce loss and loss rate of nitrogen in runoff in paddy fields while maintaining high yield and stable yield of rice, and maintain a low level of phosphorus in runoff loss and loss rate. It is an appropriate measures of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilization while sustaining effective utilization of resources and saving fertilizers and having enhanced efficiency.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Substitution propertion, Soil fertility, Runoff loss, Rice yield

Table 1

Fertilizer application rates of different treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 猪粪有机肥
Pig manure organic fertilizer		 秸秆有机肥
Straw organic fertilizer		 尿素
Urea		 过磷酸钙
Superphosphate		 氯化钾
Potassium chloride
CK 0 0 0 0 0
CF 0 0 417.39 400 137.50
M1 2 866 0 292.17 0 50.10
M2 4 776 0 208.70 0 0
M3 9 552 0 0 0 0
F1 0 2 451 292.17 0 76.22
F2 0 4 085 208.70 0 35.37
F3 0 8 170 0 0 0

Table 2

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗(×104/hm2)
Effective panicles		 每穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 结实率(%)
Filled grain rate		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
CK 290.10c 129.33c 85.95b 22.89d 5 975.31e
CF 416.85a 162.67a 87.60b 27.73a 10 231.78ab
M1 350.25b 150.00a 87.27b 26.22bc 9 876.05bc
M2 400.20a 159.33a 90.50a 27.94a 10 439.66a
M3 313.50c 142.33b 86.30b 25.87c 9 598.13c
F1 356.25b 156.67a 85.77b 27.29ab 9 339.11c
F2 390.15a 157.33a 87.47b 27.58a 9 443.49c
F3 300.15c 140.00b 84.87c 25.16c 8 969.39d

Table 3

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on soil nutrient content during the rice season"

处理Treatment 有机质Organic matter (g/kg) 全氮Total nitrogen (g/kg) 有效磷Available phosphorus (mg/kg) 速效钾Available potassium (mg/kg)
CK 21.66e 0.69d 8.16e 150.14f
CF 27.96d 1.20bc 17.68d 194.04e
M1 29.03c 1.18bc 18.37d 219.74cd
M2 30.70bc 1.25b 21.23c 210.17d
M3 33.27a 1.39a 26.90a 291.37a
F1 29.25c 1.13c 17.75d 226.47c
F2 30.01bc 1.21b 20.79c 197.00e
F3 31.14b 1.31a 24.52b 256.98b

Fig.1

Runoff volume dynamicity on field during the rice season in 2018"

Fig.2

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on runoff TN concentration (a) and TN loss (b) in field during the rice season"

Table 4

Average runoff TN and TP concentrations and total losses under organic fertilization substituting for chemical fertilizer treatments in field during the rice season"

处理
Treatment		 平均浓度(mg/L)
Average concentration		 流失总量(kg/hm2)
Total loss
TN TP TN TP
CK 1.40d 0.033e 4.73e 0.111e
CF 2.73a 0.063d 9.43a 0.243d
M1 2.62a 0.062d 9.15ab 0.242d
M2 2.49b 0.073c 8.32c 0.281c
M3 2.14c 0.492b 7.39d 1.732b
F1 2.56a 0.062d 9.09b 0.246d
F2 2.36b 0.080c 8.12c 0.292c
F3 2.07c 0.517a 7.11d 1.815a

Fig.3

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on runoff TP concentration (a) and TP loss (b) in field during the rice season"

Fig.4

Effects of organic fertilizer substituting for chemical fertilizer on runoff TN and TP loss rate in field during the rice season Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05)"

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