Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 134-139.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.020

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Effects of One-Time Basal Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Fresh Ear Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Summer-Sown Fresh Sweet Corn

Liu Wei1(), Zhou Jianxiong1, Xie Yuanyuan1, Zhang Xu1, Xiong Yousheng1(), Xu Xiangyu1, Yuan Jiafu1, Xiong Hanfeng2   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hongshan/Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    2Ezhou Vocational University, Ezhou 436000, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-04-07 Revised:2021-07-19 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Xiong Yousheng E-mail:weiliu8844@126.com;yshxiong@126.com

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Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of one-time basal application of controlled-release urea on the fresh ear yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer-sown fresh sweet corn which could provide theoretical support for light and simple cultivation in fresh sweet corn production in Hubei province. Two years field experiments in 2016 and 2017 with four treatments including no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), split application of common urea (CUS), one-time basal application of common urea (CUB), and one-time basal application of controlled-release urea (CRUB) were set. The results showed that the ear length, ear diameter, kernels number per row, seeds number per ear and fresh ear yield increased significantly by nitrogen fertilizer application. Compared with N0, the fresh ear yield of nitrogen application treatments significantly increased by 17.14%-22.03% and 17.77%-26.39% in two years, respectively. CRUB obtained the highest fresh ear yield in two years, following by CUs and CUB treatments. There was no significant difference in fresh ear yield between CRUB and CUS in two years. Compared with the CUB in 2017, the fresh ear yields of CRUB and CUS increased by 7.32% and 6.96%. CRUB also significantly increased the total nitrogen uptake of fresh sweet corn as compared with the other N treatments in two years. In addition, nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), the nitrogen recovery efficiency (NUE) and net economic benefit of CRUB were higher than that of CUB and CUS. Compared with the CUB and CUS, the CRUB significantly increased the content of soluble protein in grains in 2017. The different nitrogen applications did not affect the residue ratio, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents. In summary, basal application of controlled-release urea could not only ensure yield and quality of fresh sweet corn, but also increase nitrogen use efficiency and farmer’s income. One-time basal application of controlled-release urea could be one of best nitrogen management practices for the production of summer-sown fresh sweet corn in eastern Hubei and similar ecological area.

Key words: Controlled-release urea, Sweet corn, Yield, Fresh grain quality, Nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Topsoil physical and chemical properties of experiment fields in 2016 and 2017"

年份
Year		 地点
Location		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total N (g/kg)		 铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg/kg)		 硝态氮
NO3-N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
2016 路口村 7.81 15.14 1.25 2.67 15.08 14.67 180.98
2017 下王村 7.34 28.50 2.56 4.35 10.12 26.40 182.53

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen fertilization treatments on yield and ear traits of fresh sweet corn"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter
(cm)		 穗行数
Rows number
per ear		 行粒数
Kernels number
per row		 穗粒数
Seeds number
per ear		 百粒鲜重
100-grain fresh
weight (g)		 鲜穗产量
Fresh ear yield
(kg/hm2)
2016 N0 15.18b 4.70b 14.69a 31.26b 460.57b 29.33a 11 580.92b
CUS 16.55a 4.90a 14.51a 35.46a 514.91a 31.14a 14 024.32a
CUB 16.53a 4.94a 14.91a 35.32a 526.75a 29.52a 13 566.01a
CRUB 15.94a 4.86a 15.00a 34.26a 513.97a 30.81a 14 131.98a
2017 N0 31.65b 5.83b 12.40a 35.51b 439.61b 37.66a 14 820.31c
CUS 34.47a 6.15a 12.20a 38.78a 472.79a 39.78a 18 668.49a
CUB 33.32a 6.06ab 12.40a 36.28ab 449.84a 39.41a 17 453.36b
CRUB 35.02a 6.16a 12.93a 36.92ab 477.65a 40.10a 18 731.76a

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen fertilization treatments on grain quality of fresh sweet corn"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 皮渣率
Residue ratio (%)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar (%)		 还原糖
Reducing sugar (%)		 维生素C
Vitamin C (mg/100g)		 可溶性蛋白质
Soluble protein (mg/g)
2016 N0 19.96a 18.63a 3.26a 4.57a 4.49a
CUS 19.85a 18.01a 3.47a 4.61a 4.70a
CUB 21.98a 18.91a 3.54a 4.72a 4.88a
CRUB 19.35a 19.83a 3.61a 5.19a 4.71a
2017 N0 19.01a 10.26a 2.31a 4.19a 4.38b
CUS 20.61a 10.52a 2.54a 4.48a 4.93b
CUB 21.98a 10.23a 2.39a 4.74a 4.98b
CRUB 23.01a 10.45a 2.63a 4.57a 7.72a

Fig.1

Effects of different nitrogen fertilization treatments on nitrogen accumulation amount of fresh sweet corn Different capital letters above the bars mean significant difference in the plant nutrient accumulation between different treatments at P<0.05 level, and the different small letters beside of bars mean significant difference of nutrient accumulation in the same tissues between different treatments at P<0.05 level"

Table 4

Comparison of nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit under different nitrogen fertilization treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮肥偏
生产力
NPFP (kg/kg)		 氮肥农学
利用率
NAE (kg/kg)		 氮肥表观
利用率
NUE (%)		 产值（元/hm2）
Production
value (yuan/hm2)		 氮肥成本（元/hm2）
Cost of N fertilizer
(yuan/hm2)		 追肥劳动力成本（元/hm2）
Labor input for topdressing
(yuan/hm2)		 经济效益（元/hm2）
Net income
(yuan/hm2)
2016 N0 – – – 25 478 0 0 25 478
CUS 77.91a 13.57a 11.89ab 30 854 869 450 29 535
CUB 75.37a 11.03a 10.13b 29 845 869 0 28 977
CRUB 78.51a 14.17a 19.51a 31 090 1 268 0 29 822
2017 N0 – – – 26 676 0 0 26 676
CUS 103.71a 21.38a 21.75b 33 603 869 450 32 284
CUB 96.96b 14.63b 17.50c 31 416 869 0 30 547
CRUB 104.07a 21.73a 25.67a 33 717 1 268 0 32 449
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