Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 187-193.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.029

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Effects of Phosphorus Application Rate and Method on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Sugar Beet

Zhang Ting(), Zhang Bowen, Li Guolong, Cao Yang, Li Yue, Zhang Shaoying()   

  1. Sugar Beet Physiological Institute, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2020-09-27 Revised:2020-11-25 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Zhang Shaoying E-mail:1121526045@qq.com;syzh36@aliyun.com

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Abstract:

Photosynthesis is the material basis for yield formation. In order to screen out the most suitable phosphorus application amount and method for sugar beet yield formation, and to optimize sugar beet fertilization management, this experiment set up three different phosphorus application methods (based application before sowing; based application 2/3 before sowing and topdressing 1/3 at fast growth stage of leaves; based application 2/3 before sowing and topdressing 1/3 at sugar increasing stage of root) and five phosphorus application amounts (60, 90, 120, 150, 180kg/ha). We studied the effects of different phosphorus application methods and phosphorus application amounts on the photosynthetic physiological performance and yield of sugar beet. The results showed that under the same fertilization method, with the increasing amount of phosphorus, the LAI, SPAD value, Pn, dry matter accumulation per plant and yield of sugar beet were all increased first and then stabilized or decreased. When the amount of phosphorus was 150kg/ha, all photosynthetic indexes and yield reached the maximum. Under the same phosphorus application amount, based application 2/3 before sowing and topdressing 1/3 at fast growth stage of leaves had the best effects on promoting the photosynthetic performance and yield formation of sugar beet. Therefore, the recommended phosphorus application amount for high-yield sugar beet was 150kg/ha. The best phosphorus application methods was 2/3 of the base application before sowing, and 1/3 of the topdressing during the fast growth stage of leaves.

Key words: Sugar beet, Phosphorus application amount, Fertilization method, Photosynthetic physiology, Yield

Table 1

Soil nutrients tatus and pH"

有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g/kg)		 全钾
Total potassium
(g/kg)		 速效氮
Available nitrogen
(mg/kg)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg/kg)		 pH
11.25 0.69 0.46 17.89 78.63 10.23 110.95 8.60

Table 2

Experiment design kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施磷时期及用量Phosphorus application period and rate
基施
Base fertilizer
application		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage
of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Sugar increasing
stage of root
CK 0 0 0
A1 60 0 0
A2 90 0 0
A3 120 0 0
A4 150 0 0
A5 180 0 0
B1 40 20 0
B2 60 30 0
B3 80 40 0
B4 100 50 0
B5 120 60 0
C1 40 0 20
C2 60 0 30
C3 80 0 40
C4 100 0 50
C5 120 0 60

Table 3

Effects of phosphorus application amount and method on LAI of sugar beet"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Increasing stage of sugar in root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
CK 0.05±0.03c 2.84±0.20c 4.37±0.01d 4.34±0.01d
A1 0.07±0.01c 3.67±0.26c 5.23±0.29d 5.15±0.11d
A2 0.07±0.01c 4.36±1.17bc 5.28±0.41d 5.24±0.28d
A3 0.08±0.02bc 4.68±0.33b 5.58±0.19cd 5.49±0.49cd
A4 0.11±0.01a 4.87±0.76b 5.99±0.64c 5.86±0.66c
A5 0.10±0.01ab 4.87±0.61ab 5.43±0.32d 5.49±0.30d
B1 0.07±0.02c 3.86±0.04c 5.44±0.03d 5.28±0.87d
B2 0.07±0.02c 4.32±0.36c 5.48±0.22d 5.46±0.05d
B3 0.07±0.02c 4.75±1.28b 6.65±0.49ab 6.24±0.52bc
B4 0.08±0.01c 5.26±0.65a 7.21±1.60a 7.06±0.21a
B5 0.08±0.01c 5.26±1.15a 6.55±0.71bc 6.84±0.92ab
C1 0.06±0.01c 3.62±0.46c 5.38±0.26d 5.26±0.24d
C2 0.07±0.02c 3.78±0.18c 5.50±0.18d 5.45±0.05d
C3 0.07±0.01c 4.29±0.11c 6.07±0.12c 5.73±0.16c
C4 0.08±0.01c 4.56±0.27b 6.11±0.93c 6.07±1.16c
C5 0.08±0.01c 4.69±0.11b 6.02±0.02c 5.88±0.93c

Table 4

Effects of phosphorus application amount and method on SPAD value of sugar beet leaves"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Increasing stage of sugar in root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
CK 51.2±3.0c 49.0±0.3d 47.2±1.6g 51.2±0.1d
A1 54.7±0.3c 51.2±0.9d 49.8±0.8ef 51.3±1.5d
A2 55.1±1.2c 52.3±1.2c 50.2±1.7e 52.3±3.6d
A3 57.3±0.1b 53.0±0.1b 51.1±0.4d 56.3±1.5bc
A4 58.6±1.9a 53.5±0.3ab 52.9±0.6ab 57.7±2.5a
A5 58.2±2.9ab 53.0±0.5b 49.5±1.7fg 55.2±1.9d
B1 54.0±1.2c 52.0±1.4c 47.7±0.2g 54.2±1.0d
B2 54.6±0.8c 52.5±1.8bc 50.8±0.1d 54.2±4.1d
B3 55.5±3.0bc 53.5±0.4b 51.8±0.6d 57.1±0.5ab
B4 57.7±1.4b 54.1±0.1a 54.4±0.3a 57.8±2.3a
B5 56.6±5.4b 54.0±0.6a 51.7±0.3d 56.5±0.7b
C1 53.5±0.4c 50.3±0.1d 48.2±2.3g 52.0±2.2d
C2 54.3±0.6c 51.2±0.4cd 50.3±0.8de 52.8±0.6d
C3 55.3±1.9c 52.3±0.1c 51.3±0.3d 55.6±2.0cd
C4 57.8±0.7b 52.7±2.7b 52.8±0.3bc 56.8±0.7b
C5 57.8±0.7b 52.9±0.6b 51.8±1.3cd 53.6±2.9d

Fig.1

Effects of phosphorus application amount and method on Pn of sugar beet"

"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 叶丛快速生长期
Fast growth stage of leaves		 块根糖分增长期
Increasing stage of sugar in root		 糖分积累期
Period of sugar accumulation
CK 0.91±0.41c 63.77±1.04f 236.62±3.57f 330.22±11.19g
A1 1.17±0.14c 75.65±27.51f 244.41±12.97f 334.86±24.62g
A2 1.31±0.12c 87.39±1.97f 301.32±46.15de 389.17±52.01g
A3 1.42±0.02bc 93.99±2.39d 320.86±16.44bc 453.37±31.25d
A4 1.85±0.32a 99.82±9.92cd 344.32±26.47b 462.32±16.41cd
A5 1.68±0.10ab 105.54±10.38c 350.16±6.99ab 452.64±9.10d
B1 1.12±0.23c 89.20±5.66e 262.72±16.58ef 364.76±29.19g
B2 1.16±0.07c 89.36±4.50de 312.99±7.96cd 392.88±77.10g
B3 1.28±0.23c 107.35±20.71bc 338.72±7.46b 484.57±34.78bc
B4 1.38±0.22c 117.98±9.92ab 385.77±72.25a 545.88±4.60a
B5 1.40±0.07c 122.38±13.91a 379.48±36.10a 503.85±10.44ab
C1 1.12±0.09c 66.26±3.15f 218.49±43.98f 337.98±55.99g
C2 1.18±0.31c 74.32±0.50f 289.41±30.93e 383.37±11.80g
C3 1.23±0.08c 84.09±1.15f 320.60±24.61c 400.08±37.01fg
C4 1.35±0.30c 88.55±0.11ef 340.32±23.59b 449.42±28.11de
C5 1.39±0.16c 91.98±3.38d 338.14±20.77b 423.82±54.18ef

Fig.2

Effects of phosphorus application amount and method on R/T (fresh weight) of sugar beet Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.3

Effects of phosphorus application amount and method on yield of sugar beet"

Fig.4

Relationship between phosphorus application amount and sugar beet yield"

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