Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 101-107.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.015

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The Effects Analysis of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Oat and Establishment of Yield Regression Model under Irrigation Condition

Zhang Pingzhen(), Zhang Kehou(), Chen Ying, Chen Jingping, Luo Jianke, Wang Zeyu   

  1. Baiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute, Baiyin 730900, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-09-26 Revised:2021-08-18 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Zhang Kehou E-mail:zpzbaiyin@163.com;kehou009@sina.com

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Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the formula fertilization effects of oat (Avena sativa) on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium under the irrigation condition. We applied the “3414” test scheme to observe oat (Yinyan 6) yield and agronomic characters under the influence of different allocations of N, P, and K. To provide a scientific basis for the establishment of oat fertilization index system under irrigation condition, a regression model between fertilization and yield was established. The results showed that grain yield (5100.0kg/ha), fertilizer contribution rate (34.8%), and output value (20 400.0 yuan/ha) of N2P2K2 treatment were the highest among the 14 treatments. The yield increase effect of N, P, and K was N>P>K and there were obvious interactions among N, P, and K. The relationships between single fertilizer N, P, and K and grain yield were parabolic. According to the fitting function, the maximum N, P, and K application rates were 229.8, 80.5, and 26.4kg/ha, respectively. According to the effects of pure N, P2O5 and K2O application rates on grain yield, a three-factor fertilization mathematical model was established. Further analytical analysis showed that oat grain yield was ≥4950.0kg/ha when the ratio of N︰P2O5︰K2O fertilization was 1.54︰1︰0.23 and the fertilization range was 148.8-198.3kg/ha for N, >112.5kg/ha for P2O5, and 14.3-37.2kg/ha for K2O. The conclusion of this study had practical guiding significance for Avena sativa production under irrigation condition.

Key words: Avena sativa, “3414”fertilizer scheme, Grain yield, Irrigation, Fertilization

Table 1

The “3414” experimental scheme, fertilizer quantity and fertilizer cost"

处理
Treatment		 纯养分用量Pure nutrient dosage (kg/hm2) 肥料施用量Fertilizer quantity(kg/hm2) 肥料成本（元/hm2）
Fertilizer cost
(yuan/hm2)
N P2O5 K2O 尿素
Urea		 普通过磷酸钙
Ordinary superphosphate		 硫酸钾
Potassium carbonate
N0P0K0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N0P2K2 0 75.0 30 0 625.0 142.8 405.0
N1P2K2 67.5 75.0 30 146.7 625.0 142.8 567.0
N2P0K2 135.0 0 30 293.5 0 142.8 429.0
N2P1K2 135.0 37.5 30 293.5 312.5 142.8 579.0
N2P2K2 135.0 75.0 30 293.5 625.0 142.8 729.0
N2P3K2 135.0 112.5 30 293.5 937.5 142.8 879.0
N2P2K0 135.0 75.0 0 293.5 625.0 0 624.0
N2P2K1 135.0 75.0 15 293.5 625.0 71.4 676.5
N2P2K3 135.0 75.0 45 293.5 625.0 214.3 781.5
N3P2K2 202.5 75.0 30 440.2 625.0 142.8 891.0
N1P1K2 67.5 37.5 30 146.7 312.5 142.8 417.0
N1P2K1 67.5 75.0 15 146.7 625.0 71.4 514.5
N2P1K1 135.0 37.5 15 293.5 312.5 71.4 526.5

Table 2

Effects of combined fertilizers application on the yield, economic benefits and fertilizer contribution rate"

处理
Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output value (yuan/hm2)		 增产
Increased yield (kg/hm2)		 增收（元/hm2）
Increased profit (yuan/hm2)		 肥料贡献率
Fertilizer contribution rate (%)
N0P0K0 3 325.5i 13 302.0 – – –
N0P2K2 3 460.5hi 13 842.0 135.0 135.0 3.9
N1P2K2 3 683.4h 14 733.6 357.9 864.6 9.7
N2P0K2 4 394.4def 17 577.6 1 068.9 3 846.6 24.3
N2P1K2 4 505.6cde 18 022.4 1 180.1 4 141.2 26.2
N2P2K2 5 100.0a 20 400.0 1 774.5 6 369.0 34.8
N2P3K2 4 727.9bc 18 911.6 1 402.4 4 730.6 29.7
N2P2K0 4 427.9def 17 711.6 1 102.4 3 785.6 24.9
N2P2K1 4 688.9bc 18 755.6 1 363.4 4 777.1 29.1
N2P2K3 4 616.7cd 18 466.8 1 291.2 4 383.3 28.0
N3P2K2 4 911.2ab 19 644.8 1 585.7 5 451.8 32.3
N1P1K2 4 244.4f 16 977.6 918.9 3 258.6 21.6
N1P2K1 3 983.4g 15 933.6 657.9 2 117.1 16.5
N2P1K1 4 316.7ef 17 266.8 991.2 3 438.3 23.0

Fig.1

The fitted curve for grain yield and N, P, and K application rates"

Fig.2

Interactions of N, P and K application level"

Table 3

Sorting of coding combination results with objective yield ≥4950.0kg/hm2"

序号Number X1 X2 X3 产量Yield (kg/hm2)
1 3 3 0 5 583.8
2 3 3 1 5 575.3
3 3 3 2 5 452.2
4 3 3 3 5 214.4
5 2 3 2 5 050.9
6 2 3 1 4 997.3
7 2 3 3 4 989.9

Table 4

Coding statistics of fertilizer factors with oat target yield above 4950.0kg/hm2"

因素
Factor		 X1 X2 X3
次数Times 频率Frequency (%) 次数Times 频率Frequency (%) 次数Times 频率Frequency (%)
0 0 0 0 0 1 14.3
1 0 0 0 0 2 28.6
2 3 42.9 0 0 2 28.6
3 4 57.1 7 100 2 28.6
次数合计Total times 7 7 7
平均编码值Average coding value 2.5714 3 1.7143
标准误差Standard error 0.1870 0 0.3894
编码范围Coding range 2.204<Y<2.938 Y<3 0.951<Y<2.477

Table 5

Economic characters and difference analysis of different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 生育期
Growth period
(d)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 主穗长
Main panicle
length (cm)		 小穗数
Spikelet
number		 穗粒数
Grains per
spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
wight (g)		 成穗数
Panicle number
(×104/hm2)		 倒伏率
Lodging rate
(%)
N0P0K0 85d 94.0f 15.5e 28.4d 35.6d 25.3a 411.5g 0e
N0P2K2 86cd 98.2e 16.0e 31.9abcd 35.8d 25.5a 417.5g 0e
N1P2K2 86cd 110.2d 17.3cd 31.2abcd 36.1cd 25.2a 445.5ef 0e
N2P0K2 89bc 115.8c 18.0bc 29.0d 38.2abc 24.7a 515.5cd 0e
N2P1K2 90ab 118.3bc 18.2abc 31.6bcd 38.6ab 24.2a 546.5bc 0e
N2P2K2 90ab 119.0bc 18.5ab 33.2ab 39.0ab 24.8a 586.0ab 0e
N2P3K2 90ab 120.5ab 19.2a 33.8a 39.7a 24.2a 550.5bc 0e
N2P2K0 90ab 118.8bc 18.0bc 32.0abc 39.2ab 23.0a 554.5abc 25.2b
N2P2K1 90ab 118.6bc 18.3abc 33.5ab 38.2abc 23.7a 575.8ab 10.9c
N2P2K3 91ab 118.5bc 18.0bc 34.1a 38.3abc 24.0a 566.3ab 0e
N3P2K2 93a 122.6a 17.5cd 32.9abc 39.1ab 23.5a 602.5a 30.5a
N1P1K2 86cd 108.5d 17.8bc 30.0cd 37.7bc 25.4a 495.5cd 0e
N1P2K1 86cd 110.3d 18.1abc 31.3abcd 38.0bc 25.0a 467.0ef 4.3de
N2P1K1 91ab 118.8bc 18.3abc 29.7cd 37.2bcd 25.5a 514.5cde 6.6d
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