Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 167-173.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.01.025

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Response of Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat to Different Soil Conditions and Nitrogen Levels

Bai Junbing1,2(), Wang Yanjie2, Wang Demei2, Yang Yushuang2, Wang Yujiao1,2, Guo Dandan1,2, Liu Zhewen1,2, Chang Xuhong2(), Shi Shubing1(), Zhao Guangcai2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2021-06-16 Revised:2021-12-09 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-02-16
  • Contact: Chang Xuhong,Shi Shubing,Zhao Guangcai E-mail:2071895102@qq.com;changxuhong@caas.cn;shubshi@sina.com;zhaoguangcai@caas.cn

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Abstract:

Through studying the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat under the conditions of fluvo-aquic soil and black soil, it provided scientific basis and technical reference for high-yield and high-quality wheat cultivation. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Institute of Crop Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021. The strong gluten winter wheat variety Zhongmai 578 was used as the material. Two soil conditions and five nitrogen application treatments were set up in pot culture.The results showed that the SPAD value of flag leaf, grain length and width, 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, grain yield and protein yield of wheat in the whole period after anthesis in black soil were better than those in fluvo-aquic soil under the same nitrogen application, while the content of grain protein and its components in fluvo-aquic soil was better than that in black soil. Under the same soil conditions, the decrease rate of SPAD value of wheat flag leaf was slowed down and the effective photosynthetic period was prolonged with the increase of nitrogen application rate; grain length and width, 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, grain yield and protein yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while grain protein content increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. In conclusion, under the basic nutrient conditions of this experiment, the grain yield and protein yield reached the optimal values when 2g urea was applied in each pot.

Key words: Strong gluten wheat, Soil type, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Basic nutrient status of different types of soil"

土壤类型
Soil type		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen
(mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg/kg)
潮土（A1） 0.71 0.59 41.92 24.78 85.52
黑土（A2） 3.51 2.11 94.03 69.57 140.39

Fig.1

SPAD values of flag leaves after anthesis of wheat under different treatments"

Fig.2

Effects of different treatments on grain length, width and perimeter Different small letters indicate the significant difference between treatment combinations (P < 0.05), the same below"

Table 2

Correlation analysis between grain length, width and perimeter with 1000-grain weight of wheat"

指标Index 千粒重1000-grain weight
籽粒长Grain length 0.77**
籽粒宽Grain width 0.96**
籽粒周长Grain perimeter 0.92**

Table 3

Effects of different treatment combinations on wheat yield and its compositions"

处理Treatment 穗粒数Grain number per ear 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 籽粒产量（g/盆）Grain yield (g/pot)
土壤类型（A） A1 15.57b 32.94b 4.27b
Soil type A2 20.13a 39.04a 6.33a
施氮量（B） B1 13.35e 36.04b 3.76c
Nitrogen application rate B2 18.52c 38.65a 5.29b
B3 20.16a 38.14a 7.04a
B4 19.22b 35.21c 5.56b
B5 18.00d 31.92d 4.83bc
土壤×施氮量（A×B） A1B1 7.07f 36.29c 2.46e
Soil×nitrogen application A1B2 16.97e 34.20d 4.43cd
A1B3 18.76c 36.24c 6.00bc
A1B4 17.24e 30.75e 4.39cd
A1B5 17.83d 27.21f 4.05de
A2B1 19.63b 35.79c 5.05bcd
A2B2 20.07b 43.10a 6.15bc
A2B3 21.56a 40.03b 8.08a
A2B4 21.20a 39.67b 6.73ab
A2B5 18.17d 36.62c 5.61bcd
F值F-value A 1798.12** 623.85** 31.81**
B 484.73** 96.66** 8.53**
A×B 379.60** 63.19** 0.27

Fig.3

Nitrogen distribution proportion of plant organs in wheat under different treatments"

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on grain protein, its component contents and protein yield of wheat"

处理
Treatment		 清蛋白
Albumin (%)		 球蛋白
Globulin (%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin (%)		 谷蛋白
Glutenin (%)		 谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白
Glutenin/gliadin		 总蛋白含量
Total protein (%)		 蛋白质产量（g/盆）
Protein yield (g/pot)
土壤类型（A） A1 3.37a 1.36a 4.76a 6.64a 1.40b 17.66a 0.76b
Soil type A2 3.01b 1.29a 4.14b 6.32a 1.53a 16.60b 1.05a
施氮量（B） B1 3.36a 1.38a 3.89d 5.69c 1.48a 15.68d 0.59c
Nitrogen application rate B2 3.32a 1.37a 4.20c 6.25b 1.49a 16.61c 0.88b
B3 3.23ab 1.33a 4.50bc 6.67ab 1.49a 17.38b 1.22a
B4 3.05b 1.30a 4.65b 6.76ab 1.45a 17.73ab 0.97b
B5 2.99b 1.27a 5.02a 7.05a 1.41a 18.26a 0.87b
土壤×施氮量（A×B） A1B1 3.49a 1.39a 4.12d 5.48d 1.33c 15.72d 0.39e
Soil×nitrogen application A1B2 3.46a 1.38a 4.40cd 6.24bc 1.42bc 16.81c 0.74d
A1B3 3.36a 1.37a 4.85b 6.95ab 1.43bc 18.01b 1.08abc
A1B4 3.31a 1.35a 5.02ab 7.03ab 1.40bc 18.39b 0.80cd
A1B5 3.23a 1.34a 5.41a 7.52a 1.39bc 19.36a 0.79cd
A2B1 3.22a 1.38a 3.65e 5.91cd 1.62a 15.64d 0.79cd
A2B2 3.18a 1.35a 4.01de 6.26bc 1.56ab 16.42cd 1.01bcd
A2B3 3.10ab 1.29a 4.15d 6.38bc 1.54ab 16.74c 1.35a
A2B4 2.79b 1.26a 4.28cd 6.48bc 1.52ab 17.06c 1.15ab
A2B5 2.75b 1.19a 4.63bc 6.57bc 1.42bc 17.15c 0.96bcd
F值F-value A 22.28** 1.05 48.44** 4.26 16.17** 39.71** 25.93**
B 3.76* 0.37 19.02** 9.18** 0.84 29.08** 12.51**
A×B 0.57 0.14 0.81 2.45 1.61 5.10** 0.48
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