Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 94-100.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.013

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Effects of Different Tillage and Sowing Methods on the Growth and Yield of Direct-Seeding Rice under Full Returning of Straw

Wei Yunfei(), Li Meng, Ji Xin, Liu Juan, Wang Fujuan, Liu Qiuyuan()   

  1. Xinyang Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement, Physiology and Ecology/Xinyang High Quality Rice Engineering Technology Research Center/Agriculture College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-02-12 Revised:2023-02-27 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

In order to improve the cultivation quality of rice in dry direct-seeding and achieve its high and stable grain yield, the effects of different tillage and sowing methods, dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method (T1), dryland uniaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method (T2) and dryland no-tillage and broadcast sowing method (T3), on the growth and yield of dry direct-seeding rice under full straw returning were investigated in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the soil bulk density was the lowest in T1 and the highest in T3 treatment, while the soil porosity was the highest in T1 and the lowest in T3 treatment. In terms of rice growth, compared with T2 and T3 treatments, T1 significantly improved the root oxidation activity and promoted the occurrence of tillering of rice. At the same time, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of the shoot in the main stages and the photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate in the main stages were improved under T1 treatment. In terms of grain yield and its components, compared with T2 and T3 treatments, T1 treatment significantly increased the number of panicles and spikelets, slightly increased spikelets per panicle, but there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate, which made the grain yield of different treatments showed the rule of T1>T2>T3 in two years, and there were significant differences among all treatments. In summary, under the condition of full straw returning to the paddy field, the dryland biaxial rotary tillage and drilling sowing method was beneficial to soil properties and increase root activity, and promoted the high and stable grain yield of dry direct-seeding rice.

Key words: Tillage and sowing method, Straw returned, Dry direct-seeding, Yield, Rice

Table 1

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on bulk density and porosity of paddy soil"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 土壤容重Soil bulk density (g/cm3) 土壤孔隙度Soil porosity (%)
分蘖中期
MT		 拔节期
JT		 抽穗期
HT		 成熟期
MA		 分蘖中期
MT		 拔节期
JT		 抽穗期
HT		 成熟期
MA
2020 T1 0.81c 1.08c 1.10c 1.13c 69.2a 59.3a 58.6a 57.5a
T2 1.01b 1.29b 1.32b 1.37b 62.2b 51.1b 50.4b 48.3b
T3 1.24a 1.63a 1.58a 1.71a 53.4c 38.7c 40.6c 35.7c
2021 T1 0.87c 1.10c 1.21c 1.22c 67.5a 58.8a 54.8a 54.1a
T2 1.07b 1.30b 1.35b 1.41b 59.7b 50.7b 49.2b 47.0b
T3 1.31a 1.49a 1.65a 1.61a 50.8c 43.8c 37.7c 39.4c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Y×T NS * NS * NS * NS NS

Fig.1

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on root oxidation activity of rice Different letters indicate significance difference at P < 0.05. The same below"

Fig.2

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on the number of tillers in rice"

Table 2

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 LAI 光合势Photosynthetic potential [(m2·d)/hm2]
分蘖中期
MT		 拔节期
JT		 抽穗期
HT		 成熟期
MA		 播种-分蘖中期
ST-MT		 分蘖中期-拔节期
MT-JT		 拔节-抽穗期
JT-HT		 抽穗期-成熟期
HT-MA
2020 T1 3.3a 4.8a 7.8a 4.3a 66.1a 60.8a 157.5a 302.6a
T2 3.0b 4.3b 7.2b 3.9b 59.9b 55.5b 145.1b 277.4b
T3 2.6c 3.8c 6.9b 3.6c 52.1c 48.1c 133.8c 262.5c
2021 T1 3.5a 5.1a 8.1a 4.5a 71.3a 64.2a 163.8a 315.1a
T2 3.1b 4.2b 7.6b 4.1b 62.6b 55.2b 147.1b 291.5b
T3 2.5c 3.7c 7.3b 3.5c 48.9c 46.1c 137.5c 269.9c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** * ** ** ** ** **
Y×T NS NS NS NS * * NS NS

Table 3

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on shoot dry weight and crop growth rate of rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 地上部干重Above-ground dry weight (t/hm2) 群体生长率Crop growth rate [g/(m2?d)]
分蘖中期
MT		 拔节期
JT		 抽穗期
HT		 成熟期
MA		 播种-分蘖中期
ST-MT		 分蘖中期-拔节期
MT-JT		 拔节-抽穗期
JT-HT		 抽穗期-成熟期
HT-MA
2020 T1 2.9a 5.5a 13.1a 22.2a 7.2a 17.7a 30.3a 18.1a
T2 2.5b 4.9b 12.7ab 20.3b 6.3b 16.0b 31.1a 15.1b
T3 2.2c 4.4c 12.4b 18.7c 5.3c 15.4b 31.8a 12.6c
2021 T1 2.6a 5.3a 13.3a 21.8a 6.4a 18.3a 31.7b 18.3a
T2 2.3b 4.7b 12.9ab 20.7b 5.8b 15.8b 32.8ab 15.6b
T3 2.0c 4.1c 12.6b 19.2c 5.0c 14.1c 34.1a 13.2c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS ** * NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** * ** ** ** NS **
Y×T NS * NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 4

Effects of different tillage and sowing methods on rice yield and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Panicles number		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 群体颖花量
Spikelet number		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)
2020 T1 435.1a 102.2a 44 472.2a 86.0a 28.0a 10.7a
T2 393.7b 98.2b 38 648.6b 86.7a 27.9a 9.5b
T3 388.0b 91.0c 35 300.5c 87.2a 28.3a 8.6c
2021 T1 459.9a 95.7a 44 003.4a 87.1a 28.4a 10.9a
T2 404.4b 93.3a 37 728.4b 87.6a 28.9a 9.6b
T3 391.5c 84.8b 33 208.7c 87.4a 28.5a 8.3c
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** NS NS **
Y×T * NS NS NS NS NS
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