Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 101-108.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.014

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Response of Yield and Cd Accumulation and Distribution in Main Crop and Ratooning Rice of Xiangzaoxian 45 to Irrigation Methods

Yuan Shuai(), Chen Jiwang(), Chen Pingping, Yi Zhenxie()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2022-02-21 Revised:2022-04-01 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

To provide a scientific basis for the safe production of ratooning rice, taking Xiangzaoxian 45, the main early rice variety in Hunan province, as the material, the yield, soil available Cd content, Cd content and accumulation in various organs, Cd transfer coefficient and enrichment coefficient of rice in main crop and ratooning season under two irrigation methods (flooded irrigation and intermittent irrigation) were compared. The results showed that, intermittent irrigation significantly increased the biomass and yield of rice, and the yield of main crop in intermittent irrigation treatment was 13.86% higher than that of flooded irrigation treatment, and the yield of ratooning rice was also slightly higher in intermittent irrigation treatment. Compared with intermittent irrigation, flooded irrigation significantly decreased the Cd content and accumulation of rice, in which Cd content in brown rice decreased by 37.93% and 43.90%, respectively, and the total Cd accumulation in plants decreased by 52.41% and 53.40% in main crop and ratooning season, respectively. Effects of irrigation methods on Cd transfer coefficient in the main crop was inconsistent with that in ratooning rice. The Cd transfer coefficient in flooded irrigation treatment was significantly higher than in intermittent irrigation treatment in main crop, but ratooning rice was the opposite. Flooding irrigation significantly reduced the content of soil available Cd and Cd enrichment coefficient of rice. Compared with flooded irrigation treatment, intermittent irrigation reduced the contents of soil available Cd contents by 10.81% and 16.92% at maturity stage of main crop and ratooning rice, respectively. It could be seen that flooding irrigation reduced rice yield, Cd content in brown rice, available Cd content in soil and Cd enrichment coefficient, but there was a certain difference between main crop and ratooning rice. The decline of rice yield was larger in main crop, and that of Cd content and accumulation in brown rice and soil available Cd content were larger in ratooning season.

Key words: Ratooning rice, Irrigation method, Yield, Cd accumulation and distribution

Table 1

Yield and its components of main crop and ratooning season under different irrigation methods"

季别
Season		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number
(×106/hm2)		 穗总粒数
Total grain
per panicle		 穗实粒数
Filled grain
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical
yield (t/hm2)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(t/hm2)
头季
Main crop		 G1 3.75b 81.89a 68.39a 83.51a 25.54a 6.56b 6.42b
G2 3.89a 83.75a 70.99a 84.76a 26.57a 7.33a 7.31a
再生季
Ratooning rice		 G1 6.21a 62.96a 32.96a 52.35a 22.18a 4.54a 4.46a
G2 6.08a 65.34a 33.67a 51.53a 22.45a 4.60a 4.51a

Table 2

Dry matter accumulation in main crop and ratooning seasons under different irrigation methods t/hm2"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratooning rice
分蘖盛期
Peak tillering		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity
茎Stem G1 0.81b 4.86b 4.36b 4.48b 3.77b 2.76b 2.62b 4.22b
G2 1.24a 5.95a 5.25a 5.44a 4.31a 3.05a 2.78a 4.53a
叶Leaf G1 0.66b 1.52b 1.34b 1.41b 1.43b 1.43a 0.76a 1.00b
G2 0.78a 2.07a 2.11a 1.72a 1.55a 1.12b 0.78a 1.25a
穗Panicle G1 - - 2.04b 5.68a 7.05b 0.75b 2.04b 5.54b
G2 - - 2.27a 4.01b 7.82a 1.04a 2.97a 5.66a
稻桩Stubble G1 - - - - - 1.76b 1.29b 0.91b
G2 - - - - - 1.81a 1.40a 1.08a

Table 3

Content of soil available Cd in main crop and ratooning season under different irrigation methods mg/kg"

季别Season 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Peak tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Full heading 灌浆中期Mid-filling 成熟期Maturity
头季Main crop G1 0.46b 0.45b 0.34b 0.56b 0.66b
G2 0.56a 0.57a 0.38a 0.72a 0.74a
再生季Ratooning rice G1 ? ? 0.43b 0.49b 0.54b
G2 ? ? 0.54a 0.57a 0.65a

Table 4

Cd accumulation of organs at different growth stages of main crop and ratooning seasons under different irrigation methods mg/hm2"

季别
Season		 生育阶段
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 总积累量
Total accumulation		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 稻桩
Stubble
头季Main crop 移栽―齐穗 G1 5108.53b 4662.29b 232.16b 214.09b -
G2 7204.05a 6512.58a 428.66a 262.81a -
齐穗―灌浆中期 G1 868.08a 679.49a -15.54a 204.13a -
G2 374.45b 478.33b -122.31b 18.43b -
灌浆中期―成熟 G1 7550.43b 7171.01b -66.23b 445.65b -
G2 20 847.53a 18 858.10a 3.22a 1986.21a -
再生季Ratooning rice 头季收割―齐穗 G1 465.69b 2283.13b 280.36b 155.76b -2253.55b
G2 9891.64a 5798.50a 528.42a 413.49a 3151.23a
齐穗―灌浆中期 G1 7771.17a 1306.99a 23.74a 431.58b 6008.86a
G2 898.60b -449.22b -97.54b 950.60a 494.77b
灌浆中期―成熟 G1 4194.79b 6752.98b 150.79b 1680.59b -4389.57b
G2 15 846.50a 13 310.77a 423.83a 2573.71a -461.82a

Table 5

Cd enrichment coefficients of organs in main crop and ratooning season under different irrigation methods"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratooning rice
分蘖盛期
Peak tillering		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity
茎Stem G1 0.70a 1.41a 3.15b 2.14a 5.00b 1.90b 2.81b 4.58b
G2 0.39b 1.03b 3.26a 1.83b 8.28a 3.52a 3.39a 6.29a
叶Leaf G1 0.28a 0.37b 0.51a 0.28b 0.13b 0.45b 0.82b 0.85b
G2 0.23b 0.51a 0.53a 0.24a 0.21a 0.88a 0.98a 1.04a
穗Panicle G1 - - 0.30a 0.13b 0.53b 0.48b 0.59b 0.77b
G2 - - 0.31a 0.16a 0.72a 0.74a 0.81a 1.06a
稻桩Stubble G1 - - - - 3.87b 2.97b 8.61b 7.95b
G2 - - - - 4.62a 10.45a 13.49a 14.43a

Table 6

Cd enrichment coefficients of parts of panicle at maturity stage of main crop and rationing season under different irrigation methods"

季别
Season		 处理
Treatment		 空粒
Empty grain		 枝梗
Branch		 糙米
Brown rice		 颖壳
Glume
头季
Main crop		 G1 0.36b 0.65b 0.27b 0.25b
G2 1.85a 4.40a 0.38a 0.35a
再生季
Ratooning rice		 G1 0.05b 0.12b 0.03b 0.03b
G2 0.08a 0.17a 0.03a 0.04a

Table 7

Cd content of each organ in main crop and ratooning season under different irrigation methods mg/kg"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratooning rice
分蘖盛期
Peak tillering		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity
根Root G1 4.78a 7.07a 5.23b 3.97b 19.01b 4.44b 15.89b 10.64b
G2 2.87b 6.63b 7.54a 5.70a 59.51a 19.53a 27.11a 12.83a
茎Stem G1 0.32a 0.64a 1.07b 1.19b 3.32b 0.83b 1.37b 2.44b
G2 0.22b 0.58b 1.24a 1.36a 5.99a 1.90a 1.92a 4.12a
叶Leaf G1 0.13a 0.17b 0.17b 0.15b 0.09b 0.20b 0.40b 0.46b
G2 0.13a 0.29a 0.20a 0.18a 0.15a 0.47a 0.56a 0.68a
穗Panicle G1 - - 0.11b 0.07b 0.22b 0.21b 0.29b 0.43b
G2 - - 0.12a 0.11a 0.52a 0.40a 0.46a 0.70a
稻桩Stubble G1 - - - - 2.57b 1.29b 4.90b 4.26b
G2 - - - - 3.34a 5.64a 7.65a 9.45a

Table 8

Cd content in each panicle at maturity under different irrigation methods mg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratooning rice
空粒
Empty grain		 枝梗
Branch		 糙米
Brown rice		 颖壳
Glume		 空粒
Empty grain		 枝梗
Branch		 糙米
Brown rice		 颖壳
Glume
G1 0.24b 0.43b 0.27b 0.18b 0.52b 1.22b 0.32b 0.23b
G2 1.34a 3.18a 0.33a 0.29a 1.02a 2.16a 0.45a 0.41a

Table 9

Cd transfer coefficients of organs in main crop and ratooning seasons under different irrigation methods"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratooning rice
分蘖盛期
Peak tillering		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity		 齐穗期
Full heading		 灌浆中期
Mid-filling		 成熟期
Maturity
茎Stem G1 0.068b 0.088a 0.204a 0.301a 0.175a 0.186a 0.086a 0.230b
G2 0.075a 0.090a 0.165b 0.238b 0.101b 0.097b 0.071b 0.321a
叶Leaf G1 0.027b 0.024b 0.033a 0.039a 0.005a 0.044a 0.025a 0.043b
G2 0.045a 0.044a 0.027b 0.031b 0.003a 0.024b 0.020b 0.053a
穗Panicle G1 - - 0.020a 0.019b 0.011a 0.047a 0.018a 0.039b
G2 - - 0.015b 0.021a 0.009a 0.020b 0.017a 0.054a
稻桩Stubble G1 - - - - 0.135a 0.290a 0.264b 0.400b
G2 - - - - 0.056b 0.289a 0.282a 0.736a

Table 10

Cd transfer coefficients of parts of panicle at maturity stage of main crop and rationing season under different irrigation methods"

季别
Season		 处理
Treatment		 空粒
Empty grain		 枝梗
Branch		 糙米
Brown rice		 颖壳
Glume
头季
Main crop		 G1 0.013b 0.023b 0.010a 0.009a
G2 0.023a 0.053a 0.005b 0.004b
再生季
Ratooning rice		 G1 0.049b 0.115b 0.026b 0.030b
G2 0.079a 0.168a 0.032a 0.035a
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