Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 230-237.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.032

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Effects of Drip Irrigation Capillary Spacing and Drop Spacing on Photosynthesis, Dry matter Accumulation, and Yield Formation of Uniformly Sown Winter Wheat

Luo Siwei1(), Shi Xiunan1(), Jia Yonghong2, Zhang Jinshan1, Wang Kai1, Li Dandan1, Wang Runqi1, Dong Yanxue1, Shi Shubing1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Qitai Wheat Experimental Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai 831800, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-12-13 Revised:2022-02-17 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

Our objective was to identify the optimum of drip irrigation under the tridimensional uniform sowing mode of winter wheat. The experiment was designed with a split-split plot arrangement of Xindong 22, the main plot were the dripper spacing including two treatments, 20 (T1) and 30cm (T2), the sub-plot were drop spacing including five levels, 30 (D1), 40 (D2), 50 (D3), 60 (D4), and 70cm (D5). The effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, as well as yield formation and benefits of uniform-sown winter wheat were determined. The results showed that with the same dripper spacing, the leaf area index (LAI), SPAD values, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the dry matter accumulation of the above-ground at the maturity stage and the distribution ratio in the grain, the number of ears and the yield of T1 treatment were higher than those of T2 treatment, increasing by 0.14%-4.74%, 0.09%-3.51%, 0.31%-2.73%, 1.40%-3.77%, 1.47%-3.88%, 1.22%-2.82% and 1.15%-4.93%, respectively. The yield of T1D2 treatment (9247.95kg/ha), was the highest. LAI, SPAD values, Pn, spatial distribution of soil water, plant dry matter accumulation, spike number and yield were maintained at a high level in the dripper spacing of 20cm and capillary spacing of 30 and 40cm (T1D1, T1D2), of which T1D2 performed the best. According to its output and input, the T1D3 treatment with drop spacing 20cm and capillary spacing 50cm was the best drip irrigation combination at the same irrigation quota in this experiment.

Key words: Winter wheat, Capillary spacing, Drop spacing, Photosynthetic characteristics, Soil water content, Dry matter accumulation and distribution, Yield

Fig.1

Effects of dripper spacing and drip irrigation capillary spacing on LAI of winter wheat The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of dripper spacing and drip irrigation capillary spacing on SPAD value of winter wheat"

Fig.3

Effects of dripper spacing and drip irrigation capillary spacing on Pn of winter wheat"

Fig.4

Variation characteristics of soil water contents in different treatments after drip irrigation during flowering period"

Table 1

Effects of dripper spacing and drip irrigation capillary spacing on dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat in mature period"

处理
Treatment		 干物质积累量
（g/株）
Dry matter
accumulation
(g/plant)		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗轴和颖壳
Spike axis and kernel hus		 籽粒
Grain
干重（g/株）
Dry weight
(g/plant)		 占比
Percentage
(%)		 干重（g/株）
Dry weight
(g/plant)		 占比
Percentage
(%)		 干重（g/株）
Dry weight
(g/plant)		 占比
Percentage
(%)		 干重（g/株）
Dry weight
(g/plant)		 占比
Percentage
(%)
T1 D1 9.26b 3.08ab 33.24b 1.00a 10.80a 1.18bc 12.79a 4.00ab 43.17a
D2 9.56a 3.17a 33.17b 1.03a 10.81a 1.29a 13.46a 4.07a 42.57a
D3 9.02c 3.13ab 34.70a 0.88c 9.70c 1.16cd 12.86a 3.85c 42.73a
D4 8.85d 3.04ab 34.41ab 0.86cd 9.69c 1.12de 12.68a 3.82cd 43.21a
D5 8.40ef 2.82d 33.51ab 0.82de 9.76c 1.10e 13.05a 3.67e 43.67a
T2 D1 9.12bc 3.09ab 33.91ab 0.93b 10.25b 1.17cd 12.82a 3.92bc 43.02a
D2 9.27b 3.12ab 33.61ab 0.99a 10.70ab 1.23b 13.24a 3.93bc 42.45a
D3 8.72d 2.99bc 34.30ab 0.85cd 9.77c 1.16cd 13.34a 3.71de 42.59a
D4 8.51e 2.89cd 33.93ab 0.83de 9.70c 1.12de 13.21a 3.67e 43.16a
D5 8.28f 2.80d 33.79ab 0.79e 9.49c 1.08e 13.08a 3.62e 43.64a

Table 2

Effects of dripper spacing and drip irrigation capillary spacing on winter wheat yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spikes number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
T1 D1 657.33ab 29.29ab 48.38ab 9034.39a
D2 661.33a 29.02b 48.16b 9247.95a
D3 641.33bc 29.44ab 48.52a 9121.65a
D4 602.33d 28.10c 48.24b 8538.59c
D5 573.67e 27.85c 47.86cd 8127.25de
T2 D1 649.33ab 29.28ab 48.09bc 8922.16ab
D2 642.67bc 29.85a 48.18b 9140.87a
D3 630.67c 29.06b 48.20b 8672.28bc
D4 592.67d 28.24c 48.09bc 8338.42cd
D5 561.67e 27.81c 47.76d 7997.09e

Table 3

"

处理
Treatment		 产值
Output value		 机耕费用
Mechanical farming cost		 水费
Water cost		 肥料费用
Fertilizer cost		 毛管费用
Dropper cost		 经济效益
Economic profit
T1 D1 24 663.89 1500 1500 1400 3200.00 17 063.89
D2 25 246.89 1500 1500 1400 2400.00 18 446.89
D3 24 902.10 1500 1500 1400 1920.00 18 582.10
D4 23 310.34 1500 1500 1400 1600.00 17 310.34
D5 22 187.40 1500 1500 1400 1371.43 16 415.97
T2 D1 24 357.49 1500 1500 1400 3733.33 16 224.16
D2 24 954.58 1500 1500 1400 2800.00 17 754.58
D3 23 675.34 1500 1500 1400 2240.00 17 035.34
D4 22 763.88 1500 1500 1400 1866.67 16 497.21
D5 21 832.06 1500 1500 1400 1600.00 15 832.06
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