Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 210-214.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.030

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Effects of Straw Returning and Reducing Nitrogen Application on Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities and Wheat Yield

Liu Hongjie1(), Ren Dechao1(), Ni Yongjing1, Ge Jun1, Zhang Suyu1, Lü Guohua2, Hu Xin1   

  1. 1Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
    2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-01-04 Revised:2022-04-02 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

In order to explore the potential of nitrogen reduction in winter wheat planting in eastern Henan province, the effects of straw returning and reducing nitrogen application on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and yield by three-year field experiment were studied. The results showed that compared with the total nitrogen treatment with straw removal, the reducing nitrogen application under straw returning was beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter content. The reduction of nitrogen application with 20% and 40% could significantly increase the soil organic matter content. Reducing nitrogen application had no significant effect on the contents of soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The straw returning could increase the content of soil available potassium, the increase range of soil available potassium was about 6.5% under 20% and 40% reduction nitrogen application treatments, respectively, except the two treatments, the other treatments had significant differences with the straw removal treatment. There were certain positive effects with straw returning on soil pH, and straw returning could be slowed down the degree of soil acidification, but it was not significant. Straw returning and nitrogen application could increase the soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activities, and reducing nitrogen application was more beneficial to the increase of soil enzyme activity. There was no significant effect on soil urease activity by straw returning and reducing nitrogen application. The yields of the 20% and 40% reduction in nitrogen application treatments were at a high level, and there was no significant difference in grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight with total nitrogen application treatment. The spike number of the 40% reduction nitrogen application treatment was the highest, but there was no significant difference with other treatments. In conclusion, the 40% reduction nitrogen application (180kg/ha) with straw returning to field still had high yield.

Key words: Straw returning, Reducing nitrogen application, Soil nutrients, Enzyme activities, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on soil nutrient contents and pH"

处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g/kg)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus (g/kg)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg/kg)		 pH
T1 19.32±0.68bc 1.10±0.05b 43.35±2.12c 234.64±15.25a 7.52±0.26a
T2 19.36±1.12bc 1.11±1.11b 44.30±0.69bc 217.90±14.16ab 7.67±0.31a
T3 21.16±0.95ab 1.13±1.13b 45.85±1.33bc 202.55±13.37bc 7.51±0.23a
T4 21.80±1.09a 1.17±0.08ab 48.06±1.63a 201.90±8.98bc 7.42±0.15a
T5 20.79±1.25abc 1.31±1.31a 47.40±1.13a 229.57±10.82a 7.19±0.29ab
T6 18.86±0.87c 1.24±1.24ab 46.07±2.40abc 189.58±12.15c 6.95±0.32b

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities"

处理
Treatment		 过氧化氢酶
Catalase
[mg/(g·20min)]		 脲酶
Urease
[mg/(g·h)]		 碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline
phosphatase
[mg/(g·h)]		 蔗糖酶
Sucrase
[mg/(g·h)]
T1 3.55±0.18a 11.44±0.71a 0.26±0.01bc 0.48±0.02c
T2 3.47±0.14a 11.52±0.40a 0.33±0.01a 0.57±0.05ab
T3 3.11±0.07b 11.67±0.29a 0.34±0.01a 0.60±0.02a
T4 3.02±0.16bc 11.58±0.75a 0.28±0.02b 0.58±0.02ab
T5 2.63±0.09d 11.49±0.44a 0.24±0.02c 0.53±0.02bc
T6 2.84±0.10cd 11.87±0.77a 0.20±0.01d 0.50±0.03c

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on wheat yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
T1 33.80±1.89a 508.00±23.37d 45.37±1.09a 6974.64±313.86c
T2 28.37±1.96c 659.20±16.22ab 45.14±1.81a 7535.97±218.54bc
T3 30.37±1.06bc 706.90±46.66a 43.48±2.34a 8032.50±409.66ab
T4 31.87±1.10ab 602.85±8.65bc 45.92±1.57a 8197.74±323.81a
T5 32.70±1.64ab 599.06±23.66bc 44.38±1.07a 7753.55±269.62ab
T6 32.86±2.14ab 567.94±35.25c 45.73±1.55a 7413.59±380.32bc

Fig.1

Effects of different nitrogen applications on winter wheat yield under straw returning"

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