Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 195-201.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.028

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Effects of Application Time of N Fertilizer at Panicle Differentiation Stage on the Nitrogen Use Efficiencies, Yield and Quality of One-Season Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice

Le Lihong1(), Liu Kaili2, Chen Zhongping2, Wang Binqiang3, Tang Zhou2, Cheng Feihu2, Zhang Kun3()   

  1. 1Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Gongqingcheng 332020, Jiangxi, China
    2Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    3Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Revised:2023-05-18 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

Taking indica and japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 12 as material, eight nitrogen application periods were set in Jinxian, Jiangxi province from 2019 to 2020 under the conditions of nitrogen application rate of 255kg/ha, the base fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=4:3:3. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves, nitrogen utilization rate and rice quality were studied to explore the best application period of nitrogen fertilizer in panicle of one- season indica-japonica hybrid rice. The results showed that the grains per panicle and yield increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer. The N panicle fertilizer applied at 14d before heading significantly increased rice yield. The SPAD value of the flag leaf after heading changed with different trends, which decreased with the delay of the application time (14d to 35d before heading) and increased firstly and then decreased with the delay of the application time (seven days before heading to 14 days after heading) of panicle fertilizer. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the dry matter accumulation after heading and N use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased, and the highest value appeared in treatments of N spike fertilizer applied at 14d or 21d before heading. The chalkiness rate and chalkiness were significantly affected by application time of panicle fertilizer, whereas no significant difference was found in brown rate, milled rate, head rate, chalkiness degree and length-width ratio of rice grain in different treatments. With the delay of the application time of panicle fertilizer, the chalkiness rate and chalkiness decreased gradually. In short, 14-21d before heading were the best N spike fertilizer application time of one-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, which increased the indexes such as SPAD value and dry matter accumulation after heading, as well as the absorption and utilization of N fertilizer, more panicles and larger panicles, so as to increase the yield and quality significantly.

Key words: One-season indica-japonica hybrid rice, Nitrogen panicle fertilizer, Stage of fertilizer application, Yield, Utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, Rice quality

Table 1

Variance analysis of yield between years and treatments"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degree of
freedom		 平方和
Sum of
squares		 均方
Mean
square		 F值
F-value
年度间Year 1 2.32 2.32 1.53ns
处理间Treatment 7 10.71 1.53 21.77**
年度×处理Year×treatment 7 0.99 0.14 2.02ns
误差Error 28 1.97 0.07
总变异Total variation 47 21.99

Table 2

Effects of application time of N fertilizer at spike differentiation stage on rice yield (average of two-year yield) and its components in 2019"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Efficient panicle
(×104/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)		 库容量
Sink capacity
(t/hm2)
抽穗前35d 35 days before heading 182.81c 23.15a 280.73d 93.19b 11.82c 11.87d
抽穗前28d 28 days before heading 215.62a 23.65a 283.84cd 94.98a 12.23bc 14.44b
抽穗前21d 21 days before heading 196.87abc 23.25a 318.32b 96.07a 12.68ab 14.55b
抽穗前14d 14 days before heading 210.94a 23.40a 350.73a 95.35a 12.90a 17.29a
抽穗前7d Seven days before heading 206.25ab 23.90a 291.59cd 95.99a 11.85c 14.37b
抽穗期Heading period 178.12c 23.95a 318.60b 95.71a 11.61c 13.59bc
抽穗后7d Seven days after heading 174.37c 23.05a 303.92bc 95.92a 11.58c 12.20cd
抽穗后14d 14 days after heading 187.50bc 23.40a 287.08cd 95.64a 11.69c 12.58cd

Table 3

Correlation coefficients between yield and its components in 2019"

相关指标Related indicator 穗粒数Spikelets per panicle 结实率Seed-setting rate 有效穗数Efficient panicle 千粒重1000-grain weight
Pearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.525** 0.208 0.354 -0.324
显著性（双侧）Significance (bilateral) 0.003 0.271 0.055 0.081
N 30 30 30 30

Fig.1

SPAD values of flag leaves at different time after full heading (2019) Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the P < 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

Dry matter accumulation amount after heading date (2019)"

Table 4

Effects of applying time of panicle fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency"

处理
Treatment		 施氮量
N application
amount (kg/hm2)		 氮肥农学利用率
Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/kg)
2019 2020 2019 2020
抽穗前35d
35 days before heading		 255 13.45ab 15.07c 45.37ab 47.34c
抽穗前28d
28 days before heading		 255 14.90ab 16.83b 46.82ab 49.11b
抽穗前21d
21 days before heading		 255 16.51ab 18.74a 48.43ab 51.01a
抽穗前14d
14 days before heading		 255 18.59a 18.42a 50.51a 50.70a
抽穗前7d
Seven days before heading		 255 13.45ab 15.34c 45.37ab 47.61c
抽穗期Heading period 255 12.43b 14.43c 44.35b 46.71c
抽穗后7d
Seven days after heading		 255 12.16b 14.49c 44.08b 46.76c
抽穗后14d
14 days after heading		 255 14.20ab 13.31d 46.12ab 45.59d
CK（不施肥）
CK (no fertilizer)		 0 － － － －

Table 5

The effects of application time of N fertilizer indica-japonica hybrid rice grain quality at spike differentiation stage in 2019"

处理
Treatment		 出糙率
Brown rice
rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice
rate (%)		 整精米率
Head rice
rate (%)		 粒长
Grain length
(mm)		 粒型长/宽比
Grain length
and width ratio		 垩白粒率
Chalkiness
rate (%)		 垩白度
Chalkiness
(%)		 直链淀粉
Amylose
content (%)		 胶稠度
Gel consistency
(mm)		 碱消
值
Setback
抽穗前35d
35 days before heading		 82.30ab 74.40a 55.40d 5.40a 2.20a 36.50a 9.20a 13.10ab 86.00a 3.15b
抽穗前28d
28 days before heading		 82.40ab 74.70a 68.70ab 5.40a 2.10a 28.00c 5.90d 13.80ab 77.50b 4.10a
抽穗前21d
21 days before heading		 82.20ab 74.70a 67.30ab 5.40a 2.10a 34.00ab 7.60b 13.50a 77.00b 4.40a
抽穗前14d
14 days before heading		 83.20a 74.70a 66.30bc 5.50a 2.20a 33.50b 7.10c 12.60b 82.50b 4.20a
抽穗前7d
Seven days before heading		 83.00a 74.40a 69.40ab 5.40a 2.10a 27.00c 5.50de 13.80a 72.50c 3.20b
抽穗期Heading period 81.60ab 74.30a 70.30a 5.50a 2.20a 20.50e 3.80f 13.30ab 73.50bc 3.05b
抽穗后7d
Seven days after heading		 81.80ab 73.50ab 67.30ab 5.40a 2.10a 23.50d 4.10f 12.40b 71.00cd 4.15a
抽穗后14d
14 days after heading		 80.80b 72.30b 63.40c 5.50a 2.10a 24.00d 5.20e 13.50ab 67.50d 3.25b

Table 6

Correlation analysis between yield and rice quality in 2019"

相关指标
Related index		 精米率
Milled rice
rate		 整精米率
Head rice
rate		 粒长
Grain
length		 粒型长/宽比
Grain length
and width ratio		 垩白粒率
Chalkiness
rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness		 直链淀粉
Amylose
content		 胶稠度
Gel
consistency		 碱消值
Setback
Pearson相关性Pearson correlation 0.277 0.042 -0.039 0.338 0.639** 0.613** -0.052 0.310 0.494**
显著性（双侧）Significance (bilateral) 0.139 0.826 0.837 0.067 0.000 0.000 0.784 0.095 0.006
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
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