Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 148-155.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.019

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Dynamic Changes in Root Tissue Structure and Root and Above-Ground Growth of Cigar Tobacco at Different Ridge Heights

Wu Yongbing1(), Yuan Huaen1, Zhang Ying1, Chen Yongwei1, Yang Weili2, He Zhengchuan2, Zhao Mingqin1()   

  1. 1Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University / National Research Base of Tobacco Cultivation Physiology and Biochemistry / Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2Dazhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Dazhou 635711, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2023-04-02 Revised:2023-05-11 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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Abstract:

To study the effects of ridge height on the dynamic changes of root tissue structure, root system and above-ground growth of cigar tobacco, and to select the suitable ridge height for Dazhou cigar tobacco area in Sichuan in combination with the economic properties of the modulated tobacco, three ridge heights were set: high ridge (HR, 35 cm), middle ridge (MR, 30 cm) and shallow ridge (SR, 25 cm), and the changes of root tissue structure, root development, aboveground growth and economic properties of the modulated tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that the root tissue cells gradually developed and matured during the growth of cigar tobacco, and the root system and aboveground growth showed an increasing trend and a highly significant positive correlation; the HR treatment increased the root cross-sectional area, mid-column area and the number of ducts compared with the SR, and HR and MR treatments improved the root vigor throughout the growth period and increased the root-shoot ratio in the early growth period, which provided a material basis for better aboveground growth. The HR and MR treatments significantly promoted the root system and aboveground growth in the middle and later stages of growth, which improved the economic efficiency of the modulated tobacco. In conclusion, the high and middle ridge treatments in Dazhou cigarette region could optimize the root tissue structure, significantly promote the root system and above-ground development of cigar tobacco, and improve the economic efficiency of cigar leaves.

Key words: Cigar tobacco, Ridge height, Root microstructure, Root development, Aboveground growth, Economic traits

Fig.1

Dynamic changing images in root microstructure images of cigar tobacco"

Table 1

Dynamic changes in root tissue structure at different ridge heights"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d
根横切面积Root cross-sectional area (mm2) HR 4.47a 20.69a 22.40a 54.83b 60.75a
MR 2.55c 11.98b 18.59b 58.23b 56.24a
SR 3.63b 14.02b 23.18a 66.10a 52.91b
皮层厚度Cortical thickness (mm) HR 0.32b 0.60a 1.18a 1.07a 1.14a
MR 0.32b 0.48b 1.02b 0.92b 0.91b
SR 0.45a 0.64a 0.94c 0.92b 0.83a
中柱面积Center column area (mm2) HR 2.01a 11.25a 7.05a 28.89c 32.93a
MR 0.89b 6.22b 4.55b 36.21b 33.58a
SR 0.91b 6.70b 7.14a 41.84a 31.58a
导管数量Number of catheters HR 57a 196a 206a 688c 652a
MR 49b 98c 156c 767a 514b
SR 54a 134b 183b 756b 635a
导管密度Catheter density (n/mm2) HR 28.36b 17.42b 29.22b 23.81a 19.80a
MR 55.06a 15.76b 34.29a 21.18a 15.31b
SR 59.34a 20.00a 25.63c 18.07b 20.11a

Table 2

Correlation analysis of root tissue structure of cigar tobacco"

指标
Index		 根横切面积
Root cross-sectional area		 皮层厚度
Cortical thickness		 中柱面积
Center column area		 导管数量
Number of catheters		 导管密度
Catheter density
根横切面积Root cross-sectional area 1.000 0.697** 0.984** 0.980** -0.583*
皮层厚度Cortical thickness 1.000 0.566* 0.629* -0.422
中柱面积Center column area 1.000 0.978** -0.570*
导管数量Number of catheters 1.000 -0.510
导管密度Catheter density 1.000

Fig.2

Dynamic changes in root vigor at different ridge heights Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 3

Dynamic changes in root growth at different ridge heights"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d
根体积Root volume (cm3) HR 72.01a 106.21a 307.55b 319.51a 297.14a
MR 66.16a 86.99c 314.66a 324.49a 302.41a
SR 61.64b 93.97b 288.64c 303.54b 282.40b
根鲜重（g/株）Root fresh weight (g/plant) HR 94.51a 149.32a 321.51a 362.52a 372.75a
MR 91.31a 133.94b 329.27a 369.17a 379.75a
SR 87.66b 129.54b 300.78b 342.52b 349.51b
根干重（g/株）Root dry weight (g/plant) HR 14.98b 32.31a 60.05a 65.65b 71.93b
MR 15.61a 31.38a 62.23a 70.08a 74.59a
SR 13.48c 27.15b 56.19b 62.81c 68.56c

Table 4

Dynamic changes in the upper growth at different ridge heights"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d
株高Plant height (cm) HR 73.51b 125.59c 152.78a 173.57a 179.21a
MR 84.62a 138.99a 152.73a 164.82b 172.99b
SR 67.21c 133.48b 157.35a 166.45b 173.09b
茎围Stem girth (cm) HR 6.09c 7.21a 7.81a 8.23a 8.31a
MR 6.72a 7.09b 7.53b 8.29a 8.21b
SR 6.47b 7.11b 7.59b 7.92b 8.25b
茎鲜重（g/株）Stem fresh weight (g/plant) HR 285.21b 457.89a 521.35a 559.65a 543.82a
MR 303.33a 454.36a 499.44b 563.12a 524.63b
SR 298.97a 431.07b 509.97b 539.89b 530.17b
茎干重（g/株）Stem dry weight (g/plant) HR 15.21b 35.54b 105.21a 122.64b 146.78a
MR 25.05a 39.55a 92.81b 129.44a 141.91a
SR 28.45a 38.45a 81.92c 118.48b 122.84b
叶鲜重（g/株）Leaves fresh weight (g/plant) HR 372.82a 477.01b 552.20a 563.37a 546.95a
MR 376.21a 501.53a 530.18c 558.04b 539.98b
SR 366.95b 493.75a 542.64b 549.81c 522.14c
叶干重（g/株）Leaves dry weight (g/plant) HR 31.03b 58.15a 108.71a 122.24a 128.21a
MR 34.42b 54.72b 96.64b 124.84a 127.53a
SR 38.83a 59.47a 85.39c 101.63b 116.18b

Fig.3

Dynamic changes in root-shoot ratio at different ridge heights"

Table 5

Correlation analysis between root system and above-ground growth of cigar tobacco"

指标
Index		 株高
Plant
height		 茎围
Stem
girth		 茎鲜重
Stem fresh
weight		 茎干重
Stem dry
weight		 叶鲜重
Leaves fresh
weight		 叶干重
Leaves dry
weight		 根体积
Root
volume		 根鲜重
Root fresh
weight		 根干重
Root dry
weight		 根系活力
Root
activity
株高Plant height 1.000 0.952** 0.979** 0.888** 0.970** 0.919** 0.865** 0.904** 0.939** 0.245
茎围Stem girth 1.000 0.948** 0.955** 0.902** 0.972** 0.892** 0.940** 0.959** 0.146
茎鲜重Stem fresh weight 1.000 0.874** 0.985** 0.918** 0.882** 0.905** 0.933** 0.349
茎干重Stem dry weight 1.000 0.830** 0.986** 0.935** 0.977** 0.974** 0.107
叶鲜重Leaves fresh weight 1.000 0.881** 0.864** 0.873** 0.902** 0.429
叶干重Leaves dry weight 1.000 0.942** 0.979** 0.983** 0.190
根体积Root volume 1.000 0.985** 0.967** 0.416
根鲜重Root fresh weight 1.000 0.993** 0.281
根干重Root dry weight 1.000 0.268
根系活力Root activity 1.000

Table 6

Economic traits of cigar tobacco after conditioning by different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price (yuan/kg)		 产值（万元/hm2）
Output value (×104 yuan/hm2)		 茄衣比例
Wrapper ratio (%)
HR 1678.65±22.24a 40.56±1.23ab 6.81±0.28a 23.34±1.74a
MR 1648.85±23.01a 41.09±1.49a 6.78±0.27a 23.88±2.37a
SR 1565.75±30.19b 39.99±1.31b 6.26±0.33b 21.49±2.46b
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