Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 187-196.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.027

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Effects of Combined Application of Medium-Trace Elements on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield and Quality of Cigar Tobacco

Guan Qinglin1(), Piao Shengyuan1, Zhang Siwei1, Wang Jun2, Lei Yunkang2, Zhong Qiu2(), Zhao Mingqin1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science of Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Deyang Company of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Deyang 618400, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-03-18 Revised:2022-04-28 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

Dexue No.1 was used as the experimental material, and conventional fertilization in production was used as the control (CK), the effects of medium-trace elements, CK+Mg (T1), CK+S (T2), CK+Mg+S+Zn (T3), CK+Mg+S+Mn (T4), CK+Mg+S+B (T5) and CK+Mg+S+Zn+Mn+B (T6) on photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of cigar tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that, compared with CK, the contents of amylase (AL), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were increased in cigar tobacco of each treatment, the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine were decreased, and the content of plamochromic pigment and net photosynthetic rate were increased in most periods of different treatments. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch of fermented tobacco leaves of the T6 treatment was the highest, the nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio were suitable, and the chemical components were coordinated. The contents of Mg, S, Zn, Mn, and B in cigar leaves were the highest, the yield, average price, output value and wrapper ratio were the highest, and the economic traits were the best. Therefore, the application method of medium trace elements with T6 treatment (CK+Mg+S+Zn+Mn+B) should be used in Shifang cigar area of Sichuan province, which is beneficial to improve the photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism levels of cigar tobacco, improve the intrinsic quality, and improve economic benefit.

Key words: Medium-trace elements, Combined application, Cigar tobacco leaves, Photosynthetic characteristics, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Experimental design and description"

处理Treatment 元素种类及用量Types and dosages of elements
CK 只施N、P、K肥，N:P2O5:K2O≈1:0.8:2
T1 CK+Mg（MgO 15.00kg/hm2）
T2 CK+S（硫磺粉15.00kg/hm2）
T3 CK+Mg+S+Zn（ZnSO4 22.50kg/hm2）
T4 CK+Mg+S+Mn（MnSO4 22.50kg/hm2）
T5 CK+Mg+S+B（硼砂11.25kg/hm2）
T6 CK+Mg+S+Zn+Mn+B

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on plastid pigment contents in cigar tobacco leaves mg/g"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40d 50d 60d 70d
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content CK 2.72±0.09d 3.20±0.01e 2.29±0.02e 1.76±0.05d
T1 3.16±0.03bc 3.86±0.02bc 2.58±0.04c 2.15±0.05c
T2 3.26±0.10ab 3.93±0.01b 2.75±0.02b 2.25±0.01b
T3 3.29±0.05ab 4.04±0.05a 2.99±0.03a 2.44±0.04a
T4 2.84±0.10d 3.66±0.03d 2.30±0.05de 1.76±0.03d
T5 3.05±0.06c 3.78±0.13cd 2.36±0.05d 1.81±0.01d
T6 3.36±0.05a 4.12±0.08a 3.02±0.02a 2.51±0.06a
类胡萝卜素含量Carotenoid content CK 0.51±0.02d 0.85±0.02e 0.73±0.01f 0.63±0.01d
T1 0.59±0.01c 0.91±0.02c 0.83±0.01cd 0.69±0.01c
T2 0.63±0.01b 0.96±0.01b 0.84±0.01c 0.70±0.02bc
T3 0.66±0.01b 0.99±0.01b 0.87±0.01b 0.73±0.01b
T4 0.56±0.02c 0.87±0.01de 0.78±0.01e 0.64±0.01d
T5 0.58±0.02c 0.90±0.02cd 0.81±0.02d 0.65±0.01d
T6 0.70±0.02a 1.06±0.02a 0.90±0.02a 0.76±0.03a

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on Pn of cigar leaves μmol/(m2·s)"

处理
Treatment		 移栽后天数Days after transplanting
40d 50d 60d 70d
CK 24.38±1.34d 25.86±0.74b 26.73±0.48d 26.10±1.18b
T1 26.43±0.84bc 26.69±1.19b 27.02±0.80d 26.78±0.23b
T2 27.00±1.14bc 27.05±1.22b 28.05±0.44c 27.16±0.66b
T3 28.11±1.12ab 29.21±1.08a 29.98±0.70b 29.37±0.42a
T4 25.25±1.13cd 25.25±1.13b 26.83±0.41d 26.32±0.67b
T5 25.66±1.15cd 25.66±1.15b 26.96±0.49d 26.69±0.59b
T6 29.32±0.56a 29.32±0.56a 31.27±0.68a 29.48±0.39a

Fig.1

Activities of AL, NR and GS of cigar leaves under different treatments Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the P < 0.05 level. The same below"

Fig.2

The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and total nitrogen in cigar leaves"

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on the contents of chemical components in cigar leaves after fermentation"

处理
Treatment		 总糖含量
Total sugar
content (%)		 还原糖含量
Reducing
sugar
content (%)		 氯含量
Chlorine
content
(%)		 烟碱含量
Nicotine
content
(%)		 总氮含量
Total
nitrogen
content (%)		 钾含量
Potassium
content (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content
(%)		 淀粉含量
Starch
content(%)		 钾氯比
Potassium
chlorine ratio		 氮碱比
Nitrogen
base ratio
CK 0.32d 0.20c 0.18d 1.79a 4.24a 1.65c 5.80a 7.08e 8.95a 2.37g
T1 0.38c 0.23b 0.23b 1.47e 3.89d 1.83b 5.01c 8.13c 7.88d 2.65c
T2 0.38c 0.24b 0.23b 1.53d 3.96c 1.85b 5.11c 8.20c 7.93d 2.60d
T3 0.47b 0.35a 0.24b 1.62c 4.11b 2.02a 5.49b 9.84b 8.83c 2.53e
T4 0.33d 0.20c 0.21c 1.26f 3.77e 1.82b 4.93c 7.33d 8.60b 2.99b
T5 0.33d 0.23b 0.22c 1.13g 3.57f 1.82b 4.66d 7.96c 8.36c 3.15a
T6 0.57a 0.35a 0.37a 1.71b 4.19a 2.02a 5.65ab 10.20a 5.52e 2.45f

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on mineral element contents of cigar leaves after fermentation"

处理Treatment Mg (g/kg) S (%) Zn (mg/kg) Mn (mg/kg) B (mg/kg)
CK 6.87e 0.34d 84.40e 140.24e 48.81f
T1 10.80a 0.35d 91.86d 143.20d 53.67e
T2 8.87d 0.46a 92.98c 143.38d 56.15d
T3 10.20b 0.45b 125.13a 186.05b 58.67c
T4 9.38c 0.43c 93.94b 203.33a 58.35c
T5 9.41c 0.44c 93.92b 152.08c 65.66a
T6 10.83a 0.46a 125.37a 203.58a 63.85b

Table 6

Effects of different treatments on economic characters of cigars"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price
(yuan/kg)		 产值（万元/hm2）
Output value
(×104 yuan/hm2)		 茄衣比例
Wrapper
ratio (%)
CK 1468.90d 35.66f 5.24e 21.77d
T1 1489.33c 37.77b 5.62b 22.43cd
T2 1505.40b 37.37c 5.63b 22.97bc
T3 1516.03ab 38.49a 5.84a 23.60b
T4 1483.33cd 36.88d 5.47c 23.23b
T5 1477.00cd 36.05e 5.32d 22.40cd
T6 1529.23a 38.62a 5.91a 24.50a
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