Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 194-198.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.029

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Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Root Development,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Millet in Arid Area

Jia Suqing1(), He Lu1(), Du Yanwei2   

  1. 1Institute of Maize, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences),Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Millet, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-03-02 Revised:2020-05-14 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-12
  • Contact: He Lu E-mail:115610978@qq.com;1246683082@qq.com

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Abstract:

Different cultivation methods have a very important influence on the growth and development of the root system of spring millet in the dry area. In this experiment, Jingu 21 was used as the material and the traditional rotary tillage (CK) was used as the control to study the effects of three tillage methods, ploughing, subsoiling in autumn and subsoiling in spring, on the properties and vertical distribution of underground roots, yield and water use efficiency of millet. The results showed that the length, surface area, volume, average diameter and dry weight of the root system of millet could be increased by the three tillage methods, and the root system of millet could grow effectively to the soil layer of 40-60cm by deep loosening. Compared with CK, the two subsoiling treatments could significantly improve the ear length and ear grain weight index. The yield of the three tillage methods was significantly increased, subsoiling in spring > subsoiling in autumn > ploughing. The yield difference between the two subsoiling treatments was not significant. It could effectively improve the level of grain production in the dry spring area by replacing the traditional rotary tillage with deep pine tillage in spring.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Tillage method, Root development, Yield, Water use efficiency

Table 1

Operation procedure of different tillage methods"

处理
Treatment		 耕作方式
Tillage method		 操作程序
Operation procedure
CK
 传统旋耕
 前茬秋后不做处理,春季播前旋耕12~15cm
FW
 翻耕
 前茬秋后翻耕,作业深度25cm,春季播前旋耕10cm
QW
 秋季深松
 前茬秋后深松,作业深度40cm,春季播前旋耕10cm
CW
 春季深松
 前茬秋后不做处理,春季播前深松,作业深度40cm,旋耕10cm

Table 2

Effects of different tillage methods on root characteristics of foxtail millet"

处理
Treatment		 总根长
Total root length (cm)		 根表面积
Root surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根平均直径
Root diameter (mm)		 根干重
Root dry weight (g)
CK 107.86±5.39c 307.26±22.32c 44.26±3.87c 0.54±0.07b 2.05±1.2b
FW 120.19±7.85b 336.70±16.35b 52.23±3.25b 0.62±0.06ab 2.30±1.5b
QW 142.31±4.23a 382.74±15.63a 63.49±1.39a 0.67±0.12a 2.76±0.9a
CW 139.79±7.14a 375.83±24.56a 62.25±5.26a 0.68±0.09a 2.75±1.7a

Fig.1

Vertical distribution of foxtail millet root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight in different tillage methods Lowercase letter indicate that root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight are different at 0.05 level under different tillage methods in the same root layer"

Table 3

Effects of different tillage methods on millet yield components"

处理
Treatment		 穗长
Panicle length (cm)		 穗粗
Panicle diameter (mm)		 成穗数
Panicle number per hectare		 穗粒重
Grain weight per panicle (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
CK 29.3±0.7b 30.1±0.2a 28 887.4±115.4a 24.3±0.2b 2.8±0.1a
FW 29.8±1.1b 30.3±0.2a 29 183.5±231.4a 24.9±0.1ab 2.9±0.1a
QW 31.4±0.6a 30.2±0.4a 29 091.1±168.2a 25.8±0.2a 3.2±0.2a
CW 31.7±0.9a 30.3±0.1a 29 002.8±139.1a 25.9±0.4a 3.2±0.1a

Table 4

Effects of different tillage methods on millet water use efficiency"

处理
Treatment		 播前土壤贮水量
Soil water storage
before sowing (mm)		 收获期土壤贮水量
Water storage at
harvest time (mm)		 生育期降水量
Precipitation during
growth period (mm)		 总耗水量
Total water consumption (mm)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg/hm2)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
[kg/(hm2·mm)]
CK 493.32 547.23 203.9 149.99 3 618.6c 24.13b
FW 480.22 533.77 203.9 150.35 3 862.8b 25.69ab
QW 474.65 520.42 203.9 158.13 4 163.4a 26.33ab
CW 482.14 530.21 203.9 155.83 4 234.1a 27.17a
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