Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 112-120.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.014

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of New Chemical Control Combinations on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield Improvement of Maize

Wang Zhi1,2(), Zhou Wenli1,2, Zhao Yao2, Liu Zheng2, Li Congfeng2(), Zhang Renhe1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712199, Shaanxi, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-04-21 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-12

RichHTML

5

PDF (PC)

108

Abstract:

Increasing planting density improves maize (Zea mays L.) yields while exacerbating the risk of lodging; spraying ethephon enhances maize lodging resistance but has adverse effects on yield. To further improve yield, this study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 using Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material. Four regulation methods were set: clear water (CK), ethephon (ETH), a synergist combination (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate+iron chlorin e6, CAD), and a combined chemical regulation (PHS). Photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield-related indicators were measured to explore the effects of the novel regulator iron chlorin e6 compounded with a synergist, and its combined application with ethephon, on maize photosynthetic performance and yield. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment, the ETH treatment decreased maize photosynthetic potential, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and dry matter accumulation at maturity by 25.70%, 13.93%, and 8.54%, respectively. The number of kernels per ear decreased by 9.00%, while 1000-grain weight showed no significant change, ultimately leading to an 11.07% decrease in yield. The CAD treatment increased maize leaf area and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and increased Pn by 17.97%, which in turn increased dry matter accumulation at maturity. The proportion of dry matter allocated to stems and leaves also increased by 3.55% and 1.43%, respectively, ultimately promoting a 7.81% increase in yield. The PHS treatment effectively mitigated the negative effects of ethephon on leaf area and photosynthetic potential. It increased the SPAD value at maturity by 26.55%, delayed the plant senescence process, and increased Pn by 23.53%. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index also increased, promoting a 7.76% increase in final yield. In conclusion, ethephon combined with synergist can improve maize photosynthetic performance by increasing leaf area and SPAD value, thereby increasing dry matter accumulation and harvest index, and mitigating the negative impact of traditional anti-lodging regulation strategies on yield.

Key words: Ethephon, Iron chlorin e6, Plant growth regulator, Net photosynthetic rate, Dry matter accumulation, Maize

Table 1

Spraying stage of medicaments with different chemical control methods"

处理Treatment 8展叶期V8 stage 11展叶期V11 stage
CK 清水 清水
ETH 乙烯利的1000倍液 清水
CAD 清水 增效剂的4000倍液
PHS 乙烯利的1000倍液 增效剂的4000倍液

Fig.1

Effects of different chemical control methods on leaf area and leaf area duration of maize The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the P < 0.05 level.“ns”and“***”indicate non-significant and extremely significant difference at the P < 0.001 level, respectively. The same below."

Fig.2

Effects of different chemical control methods on SPAD value of maize “**”indicates significant difference at the P < 0.01 level. The same below."

Fig.3

Effects of different chemical control methods on Pn of maize ear leaf (b) and (c) are the two-year data summary (n=48), and red points represent outliers.“*”indicates significant difference at the P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Fig.4

Effects of different chemical control methods on dry matter accumulation and distribution of maize"

Fig.5

Effects of different chemical control methods on lodging resistance of maize"

Fig.6

Effects of different chemical control methods on yield of maize"

Table 2

Effects of different chemical control methods on yield components and harvest index of maize"

年份Year 处理Treatment 穗数Ear number (×104 /hm2) 穗粒数Kernels per ear 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 收获指数HI
2023 CK 7.54±0.6a 470.6±11.2b 304.5±8.5b 0.50±0.02b
ETH 7.64±1.2a 433.4±13.6c 305.0±11.2b 0.55±0.01a
CAD 7.69±1.3a 506.2±2.1a 339.5±4.4a 0.46±0.01c
PHS 7.60±0.6a 495.2±5.1a 320.9±19.6a 0.53±0.02ab
2024 CK 7.73±1.6b 497.3±27.8ab 312.9±9.1b 0.50±0.01b
ETH 7.74±2.1b 466.7±33.3c 307.9±4.6b 0.54±0.02a
CAD 7.99±1.3a 512.8±11.0a 334.8±2.3a 0.45±0.01c
PHS 8.07±1.2a 518.5±15.7a 328.3±9.5ab 0.53±0.03ab
年份Year ns * ns ns
处理Treatment ns ** * **

Fig.7

Correlation coefficients among population yield, yield per plant and other yield-associated traits"

[1] Hubert B, Rosegrant M, van Boekel M A J S, et al. The future of food: scenarios for 2050. Crop Science, 2010, 50(S1):33-50.
[2] 石德杨, 李艳红, 王飞飞, 等. 高密度下扩行缩株对夏玉米干物质与养分积累、转运的调控效应. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(23):4658-4672.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.007
[3] 吴希, 王家瑞, 郝淼艺, 等. 种植密度对不同生育期玉米品种光温资源利用率和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4):1065-1078.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23032
[4] Ahmad I, Batyrbek M, Ikram K, et al. Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize (Zea mays L.) at a high plant density. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(2):417-433.
doi: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.074
[5] 张佳琪, 王明杰, 谢世兴, 等. 化控剂玉黄金对春玉米抗倒伏性状及产量的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2023, 51(9):132-135,163.
[6] Hütsch B W, Schubert S. Water-use efficiency of maize may be increased by the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2020, 207(3):521-534.
doi: 10.1111/jac.v207.3
[7] Shekoofa A, Emam Y. Plant growth regulator (ethephon) alters maize (Zea mays L.) growth, water use and grain yield under water stress. Journal of Agronomy, 2008, 7(1):41-48.
doi: 10.3923/ja.2008.41.48
[8] Weiss D, Ori N. Mechanisms of cross talk between gibberellin and other hormones. Plant Physiology, 2007, 144(3):1240-1246.
pmid: 17616507
[9] 王明杰, 张佳琪, 武敏桦, 等. 30%胺鲜酯·乙烯利水剂(玉黄金)对密植春玉米茎折强度及生理特性的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(20):101-107.
[10] 耿文杰, 李宾, 任佰朝, 等. 种植密度和喷施乙烯利对夏玉米木质素代谢和抗倒伏性能的调控. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55 (2):307-319.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.006
[11] 侯楠, 吴凤婕, 齐翔鲲, 等. 不同施氮水平对黑土区糯玉米灌浆期碳代谢的影响. 作物杂志, 2025(3):178-184.
[12] 马文文. 植物生长调节剂对玉米生长及产量的影响. 当代农机, 2024(11):71-72.
[13] 聂乐兴, 姜兴印, 吴淑华, 等. 四种植物生长调节剂对高产玉米生理效应及产量影响. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 41(2):216-220.
[14] 王昕. 乙烯利—胺鲜酯(玉黄金)对春玉米不同器官的调节效应. 武汉:华中农业大学, 2019.
[15] 宋广暖. 胺鲜酯·乙烯利调控夏玉米穗分化和籽粒灌浆速率的适宜喷施时期研究. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2023.
[16] 王媛, 王劲松, 董二伟, 等. 施氮量对高粱籽粒灌浆及淀粉累积的影响. 作物学报, 2023, 49(7):1968-1978.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24152
[17] 徐彤, 吕艳杰, 邵玺文, 等. 不同时期化控对密植玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 作物学报, 2023, 49(2):472-484.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23028
[18] Balk J, Pilon M. Ancient and essential: the assembly of iron- sulfur clusters in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 2010, 16(4):218-226.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.12.006
[19] Møller I M, Sweetlove L J. ROS signalling-specificity is required. Trends in Plant Science, 2010, 15(7):370-374.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.04.008 pmid: 20605736
[20] Halliwell B, Gutteridge J M C. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
[21] 陈黎明. 植物生长调节剂二氢卟吩铁. 农药科学与管理, 2018, 39(3):67-68.
[22] 茅雨. 植物生长调节物质调控玉米籽粒充实期源活力的效应研究. 南京:南京农业大学, 2022.
[23] 肖健. 二氢卟吩铁对大蒜的增产效果及其在环境中的降解行为研究. 南昌:江西农业大学, 2023.
[24] 楚燕蒙, 毛颖超, 蔡剑, 等. 二氢卟吩铁对小麦渍水胁迫耐性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(10):1848-1858.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.10.003
[25] 胡蕾, 孙一标, 朱静雯, 等. 二氢卟吩铁对不同播期小麦产量及生长特性的影响. 江苏农业学报, 2024, 40(10):1834-1843.
[26] 陈军, 杜关庆, 邬少超, 等. 0.02%二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂调节油菜生长的试验示范. 湖北植保, 2024(6):69-71.
[27] 翁飞, 汪溢, 许乃霞, 等. 不同时期喷施二氢卟吩铁对粳稻抗倒伏能力的影响. 浙江农业科学, 2025, 66(2):313-317.
doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20240794
[28] 王佳乐. 玉米大豆不同品种光合性能与产量对间作模式的响应. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2022.
[29] Peltonen‐Sainio P, Forsman K, Poutala T. Crop management effects on pre‐ and post‐anthesis changes in leaf area index and leaf area duration and their contribution to grain yield and yield components in spring cereals. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 1997, 179(1):47-61.
doi: 10.1111/jac.1997.179.issue-1
[30] 侯海鹏. 基于产量性能的夏玉米群体定量化及其高产技术体系研究. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2013.
[31] Briat J F, Dubos C, Gaymard F. Iron nutrition, biomass production, and plant product quality. Trends in Plant Science, 2015, 20(1):33-40.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.005
[32] Slewinski T L, Meeley R, Braun D M. Sucrose transporter1 functions in phloem loading in maize leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009, 60(3):881-892.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern335 pmid: 19181865
[33] Zhang Y S, Wang Y B, Ye D L, et al. Ethephon-regulated maize internode elongation associated with modulating auxin and gibberellin signal to alter cell wall biosynthesis and modification. Plant Science, 2020, 290:110196.
doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110196
[34] 王丽萍, 李盼, 赵连豪, 等. 西北绿洲灌区玉米叶片衰老特征对不同地膜覆盖利用方式的响应. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1):233-246.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43022
[35] Chen H J, Wu S D, Huang G J, et al. Expression of a cloned sweet potato catalase SPCAT1 alleviates ethephon-mediated leaf senescence and H2O2 elevation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2012, 169(1):86-97.
doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.08.002
[36] Gautam H, Sehar Z, Khan N A. The Plant Hormone Ethylene. New York: Academic Press, 2023.
[37] 张文杰. 玉米施用控长剂乙烯利对其生长性状和产量的影响研究. 安徽农学通报, 2016, 22(8):37,55.
[38] 彭勃. 玉米籽粒产量及其相关性状遗传基础的研究. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2010.
[39] Simmons S R, Oelke E A, Wiersma J V, et al. Spring wheat and barley responses to ethephon. Agronomy Journal, 1988, 80(5):829-834.
doi: 10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000050029x
[40] Zhang Y S, Wang Y B, Liu C R, et al. Ethephon Reduces maize nitrogen uptake but improves nitrogen utilization in Zea mays L. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 12:762736.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762736
[41] 陈日远, 马倩, 杨艳, 等. 花后氮肥调控对春玉米叶片光合性能及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2023, 31(4):131-139.
[42] 李跃伟, 侯金丹, 孙慕芳, 等. 四种生长调节剂对玉米茎秆性状及抗倒伏性的影响. 江苏农业学报, 2023, 39(2):377-382.
[43] Růžička K, Ljung K, Vanneste S, et al. Ethylene regulates root growth through effects on auxin biosynthesis and transport- dependent auxin distribution. The Plant Cell, 2007, 19(7):2197-2212.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.107.052126
[1] Li Qingxin, Jin Xiuliang, Song Xiao, Zhang Keke, Guo Tengfei, Huang Shaomin, Yue Ke, Ding Shijie, Huang Ming, Li Youjun. Effects of Partial Replacement of Nitrogen Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Growth of Winter Wheat and Soil Properties in Eastern Henan [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(6): 121-131.
[2] Liu Songtao, Jiang Chao, Shi Hanbo, Yan Linan, Zhao Haichao, Lu Haibo, Li Hui, Huang Zhihong. Cloning, Bioinformatics Analysis, and Functional Validation of ZmPOD Gene in Maize [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(6): 37-44.
[3] Zhou Tingfang, Li Ran, Liu Qianqian, Zhang Ze, Wang Zhenhua, Ma Baoxin, Lu Ming, Zhang Lin, Han Yehui, Yang Bo, Li Mingshun, Zhang Degui, Weng Jianfeng, Yong Hongjun, Xu Jingyu, Han Jienan, Li Xinhai. Analysis of Salt Tolerance at Germination Stage of 118 Maize Hybrids in Northeast China [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(5): 1-10.
[4] Yang Ke, Lai Shangkun, Jin Qian, Wang Weijun, Ding Yidong, Liu Xiaofei. Study on the Mining and Transcriptional Regulation Mechanism of Genes Related to Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Maize [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(5): 102-112.
[5] Wang Changliang, Yan Lihui, Chang Jianzhi, Zhang Guohe, Wang Jing, Wang Fenxia, Huang Lihua. Breeding and Innovative Idea of Maize New Variety Xundan 168 [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(5): 142-146.
[6] Li Zhehao, Ji Miyuan, Lü Meng, Ming Bo, Li Shaokun, Zhang Haiyan, Xie Ruizhi. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Strategies on the Root and Shoot Development of Spring Maize under Long-Term Positioning Conditions [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 135-141.
[7] Wang Xingya, Chen Yuhan, Zhang Mengwen, Sun Linlin, Chen Lirong, Guo Yuqiu, Gong Kuijie. The Effects of ABA Application at Different Stages on Maize Grain Filling and Dehydration [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 173-180.
[8] He Xinchun, Du Hewei, Huang Min. Cloning and Expression Analysis of Maize ZmCaM1 Gene [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 19-28.
[9] Tao Zuhao, Wang Weiqin, Zheng Huabin, Xiang Jun, Tang Qiyuan. Effects of Water, Fertilizer and Chemical Regulation on Seedling Quality of Mechanized Casting Transplanting in Late Rice [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 224-230.
[10] Shi Yaxing, Liu Junling, Zhu Guichuan, He Zhongyou, Liu Hui, Fan Yanli, Xu Li, Lu Baishan, Zhao Jiuran, Luo Meijie. Cloning of the du1 Novel Allelic Variant and the Development of Its Molecular Markers [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 41-48.
[11] Hou Yue, Wang Hongliang, Li Jie, Li Chunjie, Chen Fanjun. Research Advances on the Effects of Cereal/Legume Forage Intercropping on Forage Quality and Nitrogen Uptake [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 1-10.
[12] He Yunxia, Ma Jianhui, Zhang Daijing, Liu Donghua, Chao Xiaoyan, Chen Huiping, Li Chunxi. Study on the Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Synergists on Reducing Gaseous Nitrogen Loss and Increasing Yield in Wheat Field of Northern Henan [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 108-115.
[13] Jin Zihao, Zhao Wenqing, Wang Fang, Wang Wei, Peng Yunling, Chang Fangguo. Effects of Three Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on the Cold Tolerance of Maize Seedlings [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 125-132.
[14] Wang Yi, Ren Yongfu, Zhang Zhengpeng, Ding Defang, Zhang Jing, Liu Yihong, Sun Duoxin, Chen Guangrong. The Effects of Different Covering Materials on Soil Environment and Maize Yield in Hexi Irrigation Area [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 149-155.
[15] Li Jiahao, Jia Yonghong, Lian Shihao, Liu Yue, Yu Shan, Tian Wenqiang, Wang Ziqian, Zhang Jinshan, Shi Shubing. Effects of Prohexadione-Calcium and Phosphorus Application Rate on the Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Yield of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 165-171.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!