Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 94-100.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.05.016

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculation on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Intercropped Maize and Soybean in Purple Soil under Facilitated Condition

Zhao Qianxu1,2,Yue Xianrong1,Xia Yunsheng1,2,Zhang Naiming1,2,Nian Fuzhao1,Yang Yunqiang1,Ma Yulin1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China
    2 Yunnan Engineering Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China
  • Received:2016-07-13 Revised:2016-08-14 Online:2016-10-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Yunsheng Xia

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the contribution of improving nitrogen (N) utilization by maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and reducing N residue in the purple soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation for different maize/soybean intercropping systems, the facility pot experiment was conducted under three kinds of roots separation ways of maize/soybean intercropping system with no separation, nylon net separation, plastic-film separation and different AMF treatments [no AMF (NM), Glomus mosseae (GM) inoculation]. The results showed that GM inoculation promoted AMF infection rate, plant height, shoot and root biomass, N concentration in shoot and root for maize and soybean to a different degree. While GM inoculation significantly decreased available N content in the soil growing with of maizes and soybeans. AMF infection rate with GM-no root separation treatment of maize and soybean were all significantly highest increased. Whether inoculating AMF or not, the plant biomass of and N concentration in soybean under roots separation were significantly higher than no root separation, while plant biomass of and N concentration in maize showed an opposite trend. In addition, under GM treatment, available N content in the soil planting with maize and soybean was significantly lower respectively for nylon net separation and no root separation treatments than plastic-film separation treatment. In conclusion, GM-no root separation treatment was the best one for maize growth and N utilization; and GM-nylon net separation treatment performed best in terms of soybean growth and N utilization and that also significantly reduced the available N residue in the soil growing with maize and soybean, which was expected to reduce the loss of N in the soil and the pollution risk of N loss to surface water.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Purple soil, Maize/soybean intercropping, Roots separation, Nitrogen utilization

Table 1

Variance analysis of AMF colonization rate and growth indices of intercropping maize and soybean under different AMF treatments and root separation ways"

因素Factor 菌根侵染率
Colonization rate		 根长
Root length		 地上部干重
Shoot dry weight		 根系干重
Root dry weight		 株高
Plant height		 根冠比
Root/shoot ratio
玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean		 玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean		 玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean		 玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean		 玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean		 玉米Maize 大豆
Soybean
菌根处理AMF treatment *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** NS
 *** **
根系分隔方式Root separation way *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** NS
 *** *** ***
菌根处理×根系分隔方式
AMF treatment×Root separation way		 ***
 ***
 ***
 ***
 **
 ***
 *
 ***
 NS
 ***
 *
 ***

Table 2

Mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant growth indices of intercropping maize and soybean under AMF treatments and root separation ways"

作物
Crop		 根系分隔方式
Root separation way		 菌根处理
AMF treatment		 菌根侵染率 (%)Colonization rate 根长(cm/pot)
Root length		 干重Dry biomass（g/pot） 株高(cm)
Plant height		 根冠比
Root/shoot rate
地上部分Shoot 根系Root
玉米
Maize		 不分隔
No separation		 NM 0 439.18±3.21b 15.59±0.74ab 2.08±0.03e 71.67±1.01αβ 0.27±0.01c
GM 61.35±0.88a 304.15±14.91c 16.82±0.16a 3.23±0.02b 73.67±0.73α 0.15±0.01e
塑料膜分隔
Plastic film separation		 NM 0 309.30±6.80c 10.06±0.33d 2.59±0.06d 69.58±0.88β 0.31±0.01b
GM 53.71±0.59c 511.01±1.12a 15.43±0.30ab 3.22±0.04b 73.83±0.88α 0.18±0.01d
尼龙网分隔
Nylon net separation		 NM 0 417.80±3.61b 12.34±0.47c 2.88±0.04c 68.48±0.84γ 0.34±0.01a
GM 50.05±1.57b 505.48±7.44a 14.90±0.85b 3.73±0.18a 73.67±1.09α 0.26±0.01c
大豆
Soybean		 不分隔
No separation		 NM 0 216.00±2.39a 3.49±0.09f 0.54±0.01d 42.33±0.44c 0.12±0.01c
GM 60.04±1.42a 123.08±3.93c 4.96±0.06c 0.84±0.01c 46.97±0.29b 0.14±0.02c
塑料膜分隔
Plastic film separation		 NM 0 165.11±7.46b 4.32±0.02e 0.90±0.09c 45.88±0.75b 0.22±0.01ab
GM 52.08±1.04b 127.25±3.60c 5.92±0.04a 1.20±0.04b 49.33±0.73a 0.21±0.00b
尼龙网分隔
Nylon net separation		 NM 0 218.04±7.25a 4.63±0.02d 0.92±0.02c 45.25±0.97b 0.25±0.02a
GM 50.82±1.22b 123.55±1.83c 5.54±0.05b 1.93±0.02a 37.67±0.73d 0.15±0.01c

Table 3

Variance analysis of N indexes of intercropping maize and soybean under AMF treatments and root separation ways"

因素Factor 地上部氮含量
Shoot N content		 根系氮含量
Root N content		 土壤pH值
Soil pH value		 土壤碱解氮含量
Soil available N content
玉米Maize 大豆Soybean 玉米Maize 大豆Soybean 玉米Maize 大豆Soybean 玉米Maize 大豆Soybean
菌根处理AMF treatment ** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
根系分隔方式Root separation way *** *** *** *** ** NS *** ***
菌根处理×根系分隔方式
AMF treatment×Root separation way		 **
 ***
 ***
 ***
 ***
 NS
 ***
 *

Table 4

N accumulation,pH value and available N content in the soil of intercropping soybean and maize under AMF treatments and roots separation ways"

作物
Crop		 根系分隔方式
Root separation way		 菌根处理
AMF treatment		 地上部氮含量(g/kg)
Shoot N content		 根系氮含量(g/kg)
Root N content		 土壤pH值
Soil pH value		 土壤碱解氮含量(mg/kg)
Soil available N content
玉米
Maize		 不分隔No separation NM 9.85±0.11b 6.45±0.16b 7.43±0.02c 91.58±0.57c
GM 12.47±0.58a 7.23±0.04a 7.19±0.05d 86.60±0.72d
塑料膜分隔Plastic film separation NM 7.51±0.04d 5.11±0.03c 7.58±0.03b 122.42±1.43a
GM 8.93±0.45bc 6.55±0.18b 7.25±0.03d 92.40±0.71c
尼龙网分隔Nylon net separation NM 8.54±.021cd 5.20±0.03c 7.75±0.05a 100.60±2.11b
GM 7.84±0.63cd 7.48±0.21a 6.74±0.04e 83.88±1.85d
大豆
Soybean		 不分隔No separation NM 3.20±0.10f 12.63±0.27d 7.43±0.02x 91.83±0.61c
GM 5.91±0.04d 10.27±0.11e 7.17±0.06z 88.25±0.83d
塑料膜分隔Plastic film separation NM 5.61±0.05e 13.95±0.31bc 7.38±0.10xy 100.23±1.14b
GM 6.94±0.04b 14.79±0.29b 7.22±0.02yz 91.87±0.98c
尼龙网分隔Nylon net separation NM 6.29±0.11c 13.06±0.27cd 7.45±0.00x 105.42±0.97a
GM 7.20±0.05a 18.83±0.44a 7.18±0.04z 85.61±0.46d
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