Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 83-89.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.012

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Genetic Analysis of Culm Gravity Height and Snapping Resistance in Common Buckwheat

Hu Dan()   

  1. Seed Administration Station of Gansu, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-07-20 Revised:2021-08-17 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22

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Abstract:

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) is susceptible to lodging due to its slender and hollow stems. The culm gravity height and snapping resistance are recognized as important traits for lodging resistance. In this study, we developed the Pl, P2, Fl, Bl, B2 and F2 populations from the reciprocal crosses between Youqiao 2 (lodging-resistance) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging-susceptible) and analyzed the genetic effects of culm gravity height and culm snapping resistance. The heredity of culm gravity height optimally fitted to the genetic model for one major genes with additive-dominance effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects and two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects. The genetic model was based on additive effects. The heritability of major genes was greater than the heritability of polygenes, and the environmental variation was greater than genetic variation, indicating that the environment had a great effect on the traits of the culm gravity height. Proper cultivation measures could be used to reduce the culm gravity height and enhance lodging resistance of buckwheat. The heredity of culm snapping resistance optimally fitted to the genetic model for two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects and two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects. The genetic model was based on additive effects. There were obvious gene interaction effects between the two major genes. The heritability of major genes were greater than the heritability of polygenes. The heritability of polygenes were not detected in the F2 generation. The heritability of the major genes was the highest in the F2 generation, which was 88.94%. It can be selected in the early generations to improve breeding efficiency.

Key words: Common buckwheat, Culm gravity height, Culm snapping resistance, Quantitative trait, Genetic analysis

Table 1

Culm gravity height and snapping resistance in the six generations from reciprocal combinations"

组合
Combination		 世代
Generation		 株数
Number of plants		 茎秆重心高度Culm gravity height (cm) 茎秆抗折力Culm snapping resistance (g)
平均值Mean 变异系数CV (%) 平均值Mean 变异系数CV (%)
亲本Parent P1 25 50.92±4.09 11.09 1.31±0.61 2.15
P2 25 34.65±4.01 8.64 0.55±0.31 1.77
P1×P2 F1 28 43.18±5.14 8.40 0.75±0.37 2.03
B1 153 45.81±4.68 9.79 0.83±0.47 1.77
B2 165 38.22±4.18 9.14 0.65±0.41 1.59
F2 274 47.12±5.60 8.41 1.61±0.83 1.94
P2×P1 F1 28 40.59±3.63 11.18 0.57±0.32 1.78
B1 136 41.42±4.14 10.00 0.89±0.49 1.82
B2 133 43.82±4.23 10.36 0.97±0.53 1.83
F2 303 43.67±4.20 10.40 0.74±0.44 1.68

Fig.1

Frequency distributions of culm gravity height in F2 generations"

Fig.2

Frequency distributions of culm snapping resistance in F2 generations"

Table 2

AIC values and maximum log likelihood estimated values for culm gravity height in reciprocal crosses"

模型
Model		 模型含义
Implication of model		 极大对数似然函数值Maximum logarithmic likelihood value AIC值AIC value
P1×P2 P2×P1 P1×P2 P2×P1
A-1 1MG-AD -2078.56 -1928.99 4165.12 3865.97
A-2 1MG-A -2078.62 -1929.13 4163.24 3864.27
A-3 1MG-EAD -2117.65 -1946.92 4241.31 3899.84
A-4 1MG-AEND -2175.71 -1953.39 4357.42 3912.78
B-1 2MG-ADI -2055.04 -1894.84 4130.08 3809.68
B-2 2MG-AD -2088.13 -1928.38 4188.26 3868.76
B-3 2MG-A -2083.57 -1945.53 4175.14 3899.06
B-4 2MG-EA -2084.94 -1922.90 4175.88 3851.79
B-5 2MG-AED -2123.43 -1934.96 4254.86 3877.93
B-6 2MG-EEAD -2123.43 -1934.96 4252.86 3875.93
C-0 PG-ADI -2095.99 -1886.69 4211.98 3793.37
C-1 PG-AD -2121.85 -1918.88 4257.71 3851.75
D-0 MX1-AD-ADI -2049.39 -1886.94 4122.78 3797.88
D-1 MX1-AD-AD -2114.10 -1921.09 4246.21 3860.18
D-2 MX1-A-AD -2082.39 -1919.56 4180.79 3855.12
D-3 MX1-EAD-AD -2109.97 -1922.03 4235.94 3860.06
D-4 MX1-AEND-AD -2109.91 -1919.80 4235.82 3855.60
E-0 MX2-ADI-ADI -2037.94 -1886.94 4111.88 3809.88
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD -2046.85 -1877.63 4123.70 3785.27
E-2 MX2-AD-AD -2109.93 -1922.03 4241.86 3866.06
E-3 MX2-A-AD -2098.35 -2342.76 4214.71 4703.52
E-4 MX2-EA-AD -2109.98 -1922.03 4235.95 3860.06
E-5 MX2-AED-AD -2109.98 -1922.03 4237.96 3862.06
E-6 MX2-EEAD-AD -2109.98 -1922.03 4235.96 3860.06

Table 3

AIC value and maximum log likelihood estimated values for culm snapping resistance in reciprocal crosses"

模型
Model		 模型含义
Implication of model		 极大对数似然函数值Maximum logarithmic likelihood value AIC值AIC Value
P1×P2 P2×P1 P1×P2 P2×P1
A-1 1MG-AD -686.56 -448.03 1381.13 904.05
A-2 1MG-A -741.63 -457.25 1489.26 920.50
A-3 1MG-EAD -762.45 -448.43 1530.89 902.85
A-4 1MG-AEND -688.40 -469.48 1382.80 944.95
B-1 2MG-ADI -530.00 -387.31 1080.00 794.62
B-2 2MG-AD -646.40 -445.28 1304.81 902.56
B-3 2MG-A -691.52 -482.00 1391.04 972.00
B-4 2MG-EA -754.66 -457.19 1515.33 920.39
B-5 2MG-AED -764.07 -446.82 1536.13 901.64
B-6 2MG-EEAD -764.07 -452.16 1534.13 910.33
C-0 PG-ADI -635.01 -441.12 1290.02 902.24
C-1 PG-AD -704.65 -449.42 1423.30 912.83
D-0 MX1-AD-ADI -577.16 -430.13 1178.33 884.26
D-1 MX1-AD-AD -647.28 -420.88 1312.56 859.75
D-2 MX1-A-AD -628.45 -446.95 1272.89 909.90
D-3 MX1-EAD-AD -676.05 -449.32 1368.09 914.64
D-4 MX1-AEND-AD -639.31 -449.85 1294.62 915.70
E-0 MX2-ADI-ADI -497.42 -383.94 1030.84 803.87
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD -528.75 -343.74 1087.50 717.48
E-2 MX2-AD-AD -675.83 -449.32 1373.66 920.63
E-3 MX2-A-AD -671.03 -589.04 1360.06 1196.07
E-4 MX2-EA-AD -676.05 -449.22 1368.09 914.45
E-5 MX2-AED-AD -676.05 -421.19 1370.09 860.39
E-6 MX2-EEAD-AD -676.05 -449.32 1368.09 914.63

Table 4

Test for goodness-fit of selected genetic model for culm gravity height in reciprocal crosses"

组合
Combination		 模型
Model		 模型含义
Implication
of model		 适合性检验
Test of goodness-fit
U12 U22 U32 nW2 Dn
P1×P2 D-0 2MG-EA 0 0 0 0 0
E-0 MX1-A-AD 0 0 1 0 0
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD 2 1 1 2 0
P2×P1 C-0 PG-ADI 0 0 0 0 0
D-0 MX1-AD-ADI 0 0 0 0 0
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD 0 0 0 0 0

Table 5

Test for goodness-fit of selected genetic model for culm snapping resistance in reciprocal crosses"

组合
Combination		 模型
Model		 模型含义
Implication
of model		 适合性检验
Test of goodness-fit
U12 U22 U32 nW2 Dn
P1×P2 B-1 2MG-EA 3 2 1 3 0
E-0 MX1-A-AD 0 0 2 1 0
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD 2 1 2 2 0
P2×P1 B-1 PG-ADI 0 1 0 1 0
E-0 MX1-AD-ADI 0 0 0 2 0
E-1 MX2-ADI-AD 0 0 1 0 0

Table 6

Estimates of first order genetic parameters for culm gravity height and snapping resistance in reciprocal crosses"

一阶遗传参数
1st order genetic parameter		 P1×P2 P2×P1
茎秆重心高度
Culm gravity height		 茎秆抗折力
Culm snapping resistance		 茎秆重心高度
Culm gravity height		 茎秆抗折力
Culm snapping resistance
m 43.35 0.87 44.99 0.54
da 0.22 0.59 -3.30 -0.40
db 0.59 -3.30 -0.40
ha -0.08 -0.17 0.08 0.32
hb 0.14 -2.01 0.10
i 0.56 -2.75 0.43
jab 0.16 3.34 0.20
jba -0.15 5.44 0.73
l 0.23 -1.79 -0.81
[d] -1.76 0.34
[h] -0.50 0.51
ha/da -0.29 -0.02 -0.81
hb/db 0.23 0.61 -0.26

Table 7

Estimates of second order genetic parameters for culm gravity height and snapping resistance in reciprocal crosses"

组合
Combination		 二阶遗传参数
2nd order genetic parameter		 茎秆重心高度Culm gravity height 茎秆抗折力Culm snapping resistance
B1 B2 F2 B1 B2 F2
P1×P2 σp2 21.92 18.41 35.95 0.22 0.17 0.69
σmg2 0.17 0.00 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.59
σpg2 3.34 0.00 17.39 0.00 0.00 0.00
σe2 18.41 18.41 18.41 0.10 0.10 0.10
hmg2 (%) 10.00 0.00 0.00 57.26 43.22 86.13
hpg2 (%) 15.25 0.00 48.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
P2×P1 σp2 23.40 17.89 20.37 0.24 0.29 0.23
σmg2 13.73 7.12 10.71 0.17 0.20 0.18
σpg2 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00
σe2 9.66 9.66 9.66 0.05 0.05 0.05
hmg2 (%) 80.22 39.78 60.61 69.94 68.12 91.75
hpg2 (%) 0.00 6.20 0.00 7.84 13.43 0.00
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