Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 171-177.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.025

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Effects of Different Harvest Maturity of Upper Six Leaves on Physiological Metabolism and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco Line LY1306

Wang Yuehua1(), Zhou Junxue2(), Ma Yilin1, Ma Junhong2, Wang Yanfang1, Zhao Shimin2, Shen Hongtao3, Li Youjun1, Liu Ling1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
    2Technology Center, Luoyang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
    3Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-03-11 Revised:2022-06-20 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

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Abstract:

In order to determine the suitable one-time harvest maturity of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco line LY1306 in Luoyang tobacco region, four harvest maturity treatments (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were set up in field, and the effects of different harvest maturity on the chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf color relative value, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism at three leaf positions (upper1~2 leaves, upper3~4 leaves and upper5~6 leaves) of upper six leaves were investigated, and the differences of the conventional chemical composition and sensory quality in cured tobacco leaves were further analyzed. The results showed that, the activities of superoxide dismutase and amylase increased first and then decreased with the increase of harvest maturity, and reached the maximum at M3 treatment stage. The activities of peroxidase, catalase and nitrate reductase decreased gradually, the content of MDA increased gradually, and the change range of M3 to M4 treatment stages were further increased compared with other treatment stages. SPAD value and leaf color relative value decreased with the increase of harvest maturity, there was no significant difference in SPAD values among three leaf positions, and the leaf color relative value also tended to be stable at M3 and M4 treatment stages. The total sugar, reducing sugar content and sugar-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves were all the highest, the burned-sugar aroma was prominent and the total score of sensory evaluation was the highest in M3 treatment. Taken together, the upper six leaves of line LY1306 was suitable for one-time harvest at M3 treatment stage (when upper3~4 leaves were 70%~80% yellow, the main veins became all white and the branch veins became 2/3 white, the leaf surface turned wrinkled, the SPAD value was about 18, as well as the leaf color relative value was about 1.07) in Luoyang tobacco region.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Line LY1306, Upper six leaves, Harvest maturity, Physiological metabolism, Quality

Table 1

Test design"

处理
Treatment		 上3~4叶外观成熟特征
Appearance mature characteristics of upper 3~4 leaves		 采收日期
Harvest date		 移栽后天数
Days after transplanting (d)		 叶龄
Leaf age (d)
M1 叶面落黄5~6成，主脉1/2变白、支脉1/3变白 9月15日 134 80
M2 叶面落黄6~7成，主脉2/3变白、支脉1/2变白 9月20日 139 85
M3 叶面落黄7~8成，主脉全白、支脉2/3变白，叶面皱褶 9月25日 144 90
M4 叶面落黄8成以上，主脉、支脉近全白 9月30日 149 95

Fig.1

Effects of different harvest maturity on the SPAD values of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the P < 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of different harvest maturity on the leaf color relative values of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

Fig.3

Effects of different harvest maturity on the MDA contents of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

Fig.4

Effects of different harvest maturity on the SOD, POD and CAT activities of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

Fig.5

Effects of different harvest maturity on the NR and AM activities of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

Table 2

Effects of different harvest maturity on the conventional chemical composition of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

叶位
Leaf position		 处理
Treatment		 总糖
Total sugar
(%)		 还原糖
Reducing sugar
(%)		 总氮
Total N
(%)		 烟碱
Nicotine
(%)		 钾
K (%)		 氯
Cl (%)		 糖碱比
Sugar/
alkaloid		 钾氯比
K/Cl
上1~2片叶
Upper 1~2 leaves		 M1 18.51±0.12c 14.29±0.01c 2.87±0.02a 2.78±0.01d 1.30±0.05a 0.42±0.05b 6.66±0.01c 3.09±0.48a
M2 21.12±0.19b 15.10±0.07b 2.66±0.02b 2.92±0.01c 1.21±0.04ab 0.69±0.01a 7.24±0.09b 1.75±0.02d
M3 23.85±0.02a 15.80±0.16a 2.45±0.03c 3.04±0.02b 1.20±0.01ab 0.44±0.03b 7.84±0.04a 2.73±0.16b
M4 18.08±0.58c 14.21±0.02c 2.17±0.02d 3.20±0.02a 1.14±0.01b 0.50±0.06ab 5.65±0.14d 2.28±0.29c
上3~4片叶
Upper 3~4 leaves		 M1 18.71±0.10c 15.61±0.18c 2.66±0.09a 2.75±0.02c 1.31±0.03a 0.43±0.03a 6.80±0.23bc 3.05±0.43b
M2 20.13±0.42b 16.61±0.05b 2.48±0.05b 2.82±0.03b 1.27±0.06ab 0.40±0.06a 7.13±0.21b 3.18±0.54a
M3 23.15±0.45a 18.66±0.08a 2.21±0.10c 2.89±0.04b 1.24±0.04ab 0.42±0.03a 8.01±0.20a 2.95±0.36c
M4 20.18±0.85b 16.90±0.01b 1.99±0.06d 3.05±0.05a 1.19±0.02b 0.38±0.05a 6.61±0.19c 3.13±0.26a
上5~6片叶
Upper 5~6 leaves		 M1 20.76±0.09c 16.71±0.10c 2.66±0.03a 2.59±0.01c 1.48±0.01a 0.33±0.04b 8.02±0.07b 4.48±0.60a
M2 22.13±0.19b 17.36±0.03b 2.44±0.02b 2.68±0.01c 1.25±0.03b 0.52±0.02a 8.25±0.03b 2.40±0.14b
M3 24.74±0.22a 18.01±0.11a 2.32±0.01c 2.90±0.05b 1.09±0.01c 0.38±0.01b 8.53±0.08a 2.88±0.03b
M4 22.59±0.21b 17.51±0.11b 1.93±0.07d 3.10±0.04a 1.03±0.03c 0.36±0.04b 7.28±0.02c 2.86±0.40b

Table 3

Effects of different harvest maturity on the sensory quality of upper six leaves of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 风格特征评价Evaluation of style characteristics 品质特征评价Evaluation of quality characteristics 总分
(9)
焦甜香
(5)		 干草香
(5)		 烘焙香
(5)		 焦香
(5)		 青香
(5)		 浓度
(5)		 劲头 香气质
(9)		 香气量
(9)		 杂气
(9)		 柔细度
(9)		 刺激性
(9)		 余味
(9)
M1 2.50 3.00 2.00 2.50 1.00 3.50 中 6.20 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
M2 2.50 3.00 2.50 3.00 0.50 3.60 中 6.30 6.30 6.10 6.00 6.00 5.90 6.20
M3 3.00 3.00 2.50 3.00 0.50 3.50 中 6.50 6.40 6.00 6.40 6.10 6.00 6.30
M4 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.50 0.50 3.50 中+ 6.00 5.90 6.00 6.30 6.00 5.90 6.00
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