Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 148-156.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.020

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Effects of Interaction between Organic Fertilizer and Fenlong on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Tissue and Cell Structure of Sugarcane

Yang Lipei1(), Han Shijian1, Wei Benhui2, Li Zhigang1, Li Ruiling1, Zhu Shuifang1, Xiao Jiming1, Li Suli1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Guangxi University / Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology in Guangxi / Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
    2Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2022-11-07 Revised:2023-01-02 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Li Suli E-mail:14777230115@163.com;lisuli88@163.com

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Abstract:

By exploring the response of the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of sugarcane under the interaction mode of organic fertilizer and fenlong tillage, the ?Guitang 42? was used as the tested sugarcane variety, through a two-year field experiment, the wormcast+compound fertilizer (F1), pig manure+compound fertilizer (F2), and compound fertilizer (CK) were carried out to investigate on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and tissue cell structure of sugarcane. The results showed that, the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of leaves treated with organic fertilizer were higher than those with CK. Especially in the elongation period of perennial sugarcane, the activities of malic dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in leaves were significantly higher than those of CK. The leaf thickness, mesophyll cell size and vascular bundle area of the organic fertilizer treatment were greater than those of CK. The plant emergence rate and tillering rate of perennial sugarcane of F2 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. The yield of organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. To sum up, the interaction model of organic fertilizer and fenlong tillage is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic enzyme activities, stomatal conductance and other related indicators. Additionally, it can improve the sugarcane?s mesophyll cell and vascular tissue structure, which would ultimately improve the yield by facilitating the accumulation and functioning of dry matter.

Key words: Sugarcane, Fenlong, Organic fertilizer, Photosynthetic physiology

Table 1

Fertilization methods of different treatments kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 基肥Base fertilizer 攻茎肥Stalk tapping fertilizer
复合肥
Compound fertilizer		 蚯蚓粪
Wormcast		 猪粪
Pig manure		 复合肥
Compound fertilizer		 尿素
Urea		 氯化钾
Potassium chloride
CK 1 200 0 0 1 500 675 675
F1 1 200 3 000 0 1 500 675 675
F2 1 200 0 3 000 1 500 675 675

Table 2

The agronomic characters of sugarcane under different fertilization treatments"

作物季
Crop season		 处理
Treatment		 出苗率
Emergence
rate (%)		 发株率
Plant emergence
rate (%)		 分蘖率
Tillering
rate (%)
新植蔗
Newly planted
cane
 CK 44.37±5.10a － 86.25±2.27a
F1 46.67±2.12a － 80.87±5.46a
F2 43.33±1.92a － 88.50±7.45a
宿根蔗
Perennial cane
 CK － 58.73±3.92b 61.05±1.49b
F1 － 64.05±0.50a 60.84±2.61b
F2 － 67.86±2.36a 72.30±2.25a

Fig.1

Mature sugarcane under different fertilization treatments a: Fenlong tillage+organic fertilizer, A represents F1 treatment; b: Fenlong tillage+organic fertilizer, B represents F2 treatment; c: Fenlong tillage represents CK."

Fig.2

SPAD value of sugarcane leaves under different fertilization treatments The same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference (P≥0.05), the same below."

Fig.3

Photosynthetic parameters of sugarcane under different fertilization treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same below."

Fig.4

Photosynthetic related enzyme activities in sugarcane under different fertilization treatments"

Table 3

Leaves histocyte of sugarcane under different treatments"

作物季
Crop
season		 处理
Treatment		 叶片厚度
Leaf
thickness
(μm)		 叶肉细胞大小
（横径）
Mesophyll cell (MC)
size (transverse
diameter) (μm)		 维管束面积
Vascular bundle (VB) area
(μm2)
新植蔗
Newly
planted cane
 CK 243±4a 32±2b 7880±930b
F1 245±5a 33±2b 7959±763b
F2 245±7a 39±2a 9545±976a
宿根蔗
Perennial
cane
 CK 223±4b 29±2c 6380±330c
F1 261±3a 34±2b 7249±263b
F2 255±5a 41±2a 8545±576a

Fig.5

Cell structure of sugarcane leaf tissue under different treatments MC refers to mesophyll cells and VB refers to vascular bundles."

Table 4

Yield and quality of sugarcane under different fertilization treatments"

作物季
Crop season		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)		 糖分
Sugar
content (%)
新植蔗Newly planted cane CK 130.56±1.18b 13.50±0.19a
F1 167.22±2.04a 13.69±0.10a
F2 173.39±3.26a 13.99±0.23a
宿根蔗Perennial cane CK 132.07±1.52b 15.78±0.14a
F1 143.22±1.61a 15.72±0.31a
F2 140.69±2.31a 13.99±0.23a

Table 5

"

项目
Item		 CK F1 F2
次数
Number
of times		 金额
Amount of
money		 次数
Number
of times		 金额
Amount of
money		 次数
Number
of times		 金额
Amount of
money
地租Land rent 2 － 21 000.00 2 － 21 000.00 2 － 21 000.00
整地和开行Soil preparation and ditching 1 － 1950.00 1 － 1950.00 1 － 1950.00
蔗种Seed of cane 1 － 5250.00 1 － 5250.00 1 － 5250.00
人工种植Artificial planting 1 － 2250.00 1 － 2250.00 1 － 2250.00
人工施有机肥Applying organic fertilizer by labor 0 － 0.00 2 － 300.00 2 － 300.00
化肥Chemical fertilizer 2 － 38 610.00 2 － 38 610.00 2 － 38 610.00
有机肥Organic fertilizer 0 － 0.00 2 － 13 200.00 2 － 15 000.00
封闭除草Pre-emergence 2 － 450.00 2 － 450.00 2 － 450.00
中耕培土Cultivator and earthing-up 2 － 1500.00 2 － 1500.00 2 － 1500.00
松蔸Pine stump 1 － 1500.00 1 － 1500.00 1 － 1500.00
杀虫Insect disinfestation 4 － 600.00 4 － 600.00 4 － 600.00
化学除草Chemical weeding 4 － 1200.00 4 － 1200.00 4 － 1200.00
机收Harvest with machine 2 － 24 949.85 2 － 29 491.80 2 － 29 837.60
总产量Total output 2 262.63 2 310.44 2 314.08
总成本Total cost － － 99 259.85 － － 117 301.80 － － 119 447.60
总产值Total output value － － 136 567.60 － － 161 428.80 － － 163 321.60
总利润Total profit － － 37 307.75 － － 44 127.00 － － 43 874.00

Table 6

Correlation between photosynthetic-related physiological traits and agronomic traits of sugarcane at seedling stage under different fertilization treatments"

项目
Item		 产量
Cane
yield		 糖分
Sugar
content		 出苗率
Emergence
rate		 发株率
Plant
emergence
rate		 叶片
厚度
Leaf
thickness		 叶肉细胞大
小（横径）
MC size
(transverse
diameter)		 维管束
面积
VB area		 NADP-
MDH		 PEPC RuBPC SPAD Pn Gs Ci Tr
产量Cane yield 1.000
糖分Sugar content -0.335 1.000
出苗率Emergence rate -0.445 0.592** 1.000
发株率
Plant emergence rate		 0.517* -0.807** -0.719** 1.000
叶片厚度Leaf thickness 0.221 -0.111 0.347 0.122 1.000
叶肉细胞大小（横径）
MC size (transverse
diameter)		 0.323 -0.242 0.294 0.332 0.639** 1.000
维管束面积VB area 0.803** -0.616** -0.251 0.644** 0.620** 0.674** 1.000
NADP-MDH 0.803** -0.616** -0.251 0.644** 0.620** 0.674** 1.000** 1.000
PEPC 0.903** -0.477* -0.258 0.547* 0.534* 0.625** 0.968** 0.968** 1.000
RuBPC 0.841** -0.502* -0.792** 0.738** -0.010 -0.008 0.617** 0.617** 0.658** 1.000
SPAD -0.275 0.699** 0.918** -0.754** 0.404 0.143 -0.207 -0.207 -0.174 -0.626** 1.000
Pn -0.547* 0.660** 0.979** -0.750** 0.310 0.210 -0.364 -0.364 -0.377 -0.835** 0.914** 1.000
Gs -0.506* 0.634** 0.957** -0.773** 0.130 0.222 -0.386 -0.386 -0.366 -0.861** 0.857** 0.945** 1.000
Ci 0.818** -0.582* -0.784** 0.854** -0.053 0.191 0.651** 0.651** 0.680** 0.943** -0.709** -0.838** -0.809** 1.000
Tr -0.525* 0.691** 0.960** -0.752** 0.176 0.260 -0.400 -0.400 -0.380 -0.855** 0.850** 0.964** 0.982** -0.798** 1.000

Table 7

Correlation between photosynthetic-related physiological traits and agronomic traits of sugarcane in the extension period under different fertilization treatments"

项目
Item		 产量
Cane
yield		 糖分
Sugar
content		 出苗率
Emergence
rate		 发株率
Plant
emergence
rate		 叶片
厚度
Leaf
thickness		 叶肉细胞大
小（横径）
MC size
(transverse
diameter)		 维管束
面积
VB area		 NADP-
MDH		 PEPC RuBPC SPAD Pn Gs Ci Tr
产量Cane yield 1.000
糖分Sugar content -0.335 1.000
出苗率Emergence rate -0.445 0.592** 1.000
发株率
Plant emergence rate		 0.517* -0.807** -0.719** 1.000
叶片厚度Leaf thickness 0.221 -0.111 0.347 0.122 1.000
叶肉细胞大小（横径）
MC size (transverse
diameter)		 0.323 -0.242 0.294 0.332 0.639** 1.000
维管束面积VB area 0.571* -0.489* -0.187 0.748** 0.495* 0.832** 1.000
NADP-MDH 0.928** -0.499* -0.312 0.619** 0.450 0.603** 0.771** 1.000
PEPC 0.946** -0.606** -0.587* 0.698** 0.253 0.303 0.611** 0.931** 1.000
RuBPC -0.076 0.112 0.816** -0.299 0.639** 0.691** 0.251 0.183 -0.132 1.000
SPAD 0.178 -0.658** -0.296 0.755** 0.573* 0.574* 0.747** 0.440 0.385 0.092 1.000
Pn -0.565* 0.324 0.809** -0.462 0.354 0.088 -0.212 -0.399 -0.565* 0.653** -0.089 1.000
Gs 0.837** -0.723** -0.585* 0.817** 0.117 0.361 0.691** 0.881** 0.928** -0.110 0.443 -0.481* 1.000
Ci 0.826** -0.079 -0.168 0.357 0.609** 0.482* 0.609** 0.827** 0.744** 0.125 0.368 -0.325 0.552* 1.000
Tr 0.876** -0.667** -0.706** 0.810** 0.042 0.213 0.611** 0.847** 0.955** -0.292 0.388 -0.603** 0.971** 0.592** 1.000

Table 8

Correlation between photosynthetic-related physiological traits and agronomic traits of sugarcane at maturity under different fertilization treatments"

项目
Item		 产量
Cane
yield		 糖分
Sugar
content		 出苗率
Emergence
rate		 发株率
Plant
emergence
rate		 叶片
厚度
Leaf
thickness		 叶肉细胞大
小（横径）
MC size
(transverse
diameter)		 维管束
面积
VB area		 NADP-
MDH		 PEPC RuBPC SPAD Pn Gs Ci Tr
产量Cane yield 1.000
糖分Sugar content -0.335 1.000
出苗率Emergence rate -0.445 0.592** 1.000
发株率
Plant emergence rate		 0.517* -0.807** -0.719** 1.000
叶片厚度Leaf thickness 0.221 -0.111 0.347 0.122 1.000
叶肉细胞大小（横径）
MC size (transverse
diameter)		 0.323 -0.242 0.294 0.332 0.639** 1.000
维管束面积VB area 0.803** -0.616** -0.251 0.644** 0.620** 0.674** 1.000
NADP-MDH 0.930** -0.535* -0.479* 0.725** 0.324 0.530* 0.904** 1.000
PEPC 0.431 0.015 0.439 -0.087 0.863** 0.655** 0.667** 0.414 1.000
RuBPC 0.421 -0.023 0.435 0.099 0.664** 0.934** 0.654** 0.510* 0.813** 1.000
SPAD -0.510* 0.769** 0.943** -0.844** 0.132 0.117 -0.458 -0.611** 0.274 0.292 1.000
Pn 0.328 -0.739** -0.734** 0.805** 0.081 -0.141 0.419 0.446 -0.211 -0.333 -0.863** 1.000
Gs 0.902** -0.016 -0.108 0.179 0.219 0.269 0.643** 0.733** 0.527* 0.477* -0.144 0.056 1.000
Ci 0.854** -0.139 0.002 0.303 0.476* 0.625** 0.816** 0.819** 0.701** 0.743** -0.110 0.040 0.893** 1.000
Tr 0.817** -0.495* -0.168 0.479* 0.671** 0.563* 0.966** 0.841** 0.766** 0.620** -0.368 0.357 0.720** 0.835** 1.000
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