Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 141-147.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.019

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Effects of Accumulated Temperature and Planting Density on Pre-Winter Growth of Wheat

Liu Hongjie1(), Ren Dechao1(), Ge Jun1, Zhang Suyu1, Lü Guohua2, He Xun3   

  1. 1Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
    2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2023-09-27 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Ren Dechao E-mail:liuhj84@163.com;rdchao1@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to evaluate the effects of accumulated temperature and plant density on morphological indexes of winter wheat before overwintering, four sowing dates (Oct. 5th, Oct. 10th, Oct. 15th, Oct. 20th) and three planting densities (1.20×106, 2.70×106 and 4.20×106 plants/ha) randomized block field trials were carried out using ‘Zhoumai 22’ at the Shuangba Experimental Station of Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in 2017-2020. The results showed that, the secondary roots number, main stem leaf age, tiller number per plant, dry matter weight of above ground per plant, plant height, leaf area per plant and tiller number per unit area of winter wheat decreased gradually with the delay of sowing. There were significant differences in main stem leaf age, dry matter weight of above ground and leaf area per plant among treatments. With the increase of plant density, the secondary roots number, main stem leaf age, tiller number per plant, dry matter weight of above ground and leaf area per plant all decreased. The plant height and tiller number per unit area increased gradually with the increase of density. The tiller number per unit area reached significant level, but the plant height did not reach significant level. Plant height, main stem leaf age, dry matter weight of above ground and leaf area per plant had significant effects on sowing date, and the density effects on secondary roots number, tiller number per plant and leaf area index were significant. By accumulated temperature, it was easier to adjust the number of secondary roots, and tiller number per unit area, the main stem leaf age and tillers per plant were next. The tiller number per unit area was adjusted most easily by sowing density, followed by secondary roots number and tiller number per plant, while the main stem leaf age was hardly controlled by sowing density. Based on the winter wheat growth index and accumulated temperature data, the quantitative relationship between accumulated temperature and planting density with growth indexes of winter wheat before overwintering was established. The estimated values of each index fitted well with the measured values, and the estimated model had excellent precision, which can be used to estimate the number of secondary roots, main stem leaf age, tiller number per plant and tiller number per unit area of winter wheat before overwintering.

Key words: Accumulated temperature, Density, Pre-winter growth, Wheat, Quantitative analysis

Table 1

Weather conditions from sowing to over-wintering period"

年份
Year		 播期
（月-日）
Sowing
(month-day)		 越冬前积温
Accumulated
temperature before
overwintering (℃)		 越冬起始日（月-日）
Start day of
overwintering
(month-day)
2017 10-05 868.5 12-12
10-10 749.4
10-15 660.7
10-20 568.6
2019 10-05 702.2 12-05
10-10 629.6
10-15 544.3
10-20 480.5
2020 10-05 686.9 12-09
10-10 621.1
10-15 556.2
10-20 489.1

Table 2

Effects of different sowing dates and sowing density treatments on the growth of winter wheat before over-wintering period"

处理
Treatment		 次生根数
Number of
secondary
roots		 主茎叶龄
Main
stem leaf
age		 单株茎蘖数
Tiller
number
per plant		 株高
Plant
height
(cm)		 单株地上部
干物质重
Dry matter weight
of above ground
per plant (g)		 单株叶面积
Leaf area
per plant
(cm2)		 单位面积
干物质重
Dry matter weight
per unit area
(kg/hm2)		 LAI 单位面积
茎蘖数
Tiller number
per unit area
(×104/hm2)
S1 10.56±0.74a 6.43±0.17a 7.00±0.50a 32.62±3.53a 1.17±0.16a 135.50±18.32a 2.90±0.34a 3.32±0.42a 1632.37±227.73a
S2 9.27±0.52a 5.99±0.20b 6.43±0.44a 30.58±3.58ab 0.97±0.05b 107.53±4.29b 2.38±0.12b 2.68±0.07b 1555.45±98.87a
S3 7.79±0.79b 5.43±0.20c 5.64±0.38b 25.41±3.56bc 0.70±0.03c 74.87±5.16c 1.77±0.11c 1.94±0.14c 1367.36±34.27b
S4 6.42±0.79c 4.70±0.22d 4.66±0.31c 21.30±3.14c 0.45±0.10d 47.70±4.92d 1.10±0.23d 1.23±0.14d 1036.61±142.36c
D1 10.29±1.09a 6.25±0.50a 7.74±0.32a 25.46±2.92a 1.02±0.14a 110.17±7.17a 1.23±0.17c 1.32±0.09c 928.99±38.49c
D2 8.40±0.65b 5.92±0.42a 5.44±0.44b 27.51±3.45a 0.79±0.07b 88.31±3.00b 2.13±0.19b 2.38±0.08b 1468.99±118.34b
D3 6.83±0.21c 5.63±0.23a 4.28±0.42c 28.84±4.74a 0.66±0.03b 75.72±6.19c 2.77±0.11a 3.18±0.26a 1795.86±177.74a

Table 3

Analysis of variance for growth index of winter wheat before overwintering"

变异来源
Source of
variance		 自
由
度
df		 株高
Plant
height		 次生根数
Number of
secondary
roots		 主茎叶龄
Main stem
leaf age		 单株茎蘖数
Tiller
number
per plant		 单株地上部
干物质重
Dry matter weight
of above ground
per plant		 单株叶面积
Leaf area
per plant		 LAI 单位面积
干物质量
Dry matter
weight per
unit area		 单位面积
茎蘖数
Tiller
number
per unit area
模型Model 35 84.68** 25.60** 96.49** 50.51** 53.58** 64.32** 58.57** 57.74** 39.07**
年份(Y) 2 360.41** 23.58** 170.65** 25.34** 35.25** 11.78** 8.83** 17.13** 27.93**
播期(S) 3 627.47** 145.04** 898.10** 174.75** 427.50** 557.97** 329.08** 325.13** 118.60**
密度(D) 2 128.62** 180.28** 113.66** 507.59** 195.37** 154.60** 463.88** 429.76** 430.37**
Y×S 6 7.06** 2.42* 9.13** 7.17** 6.93** 13.24** 7.10** 6.31** 6.24**
Y×D 4 2.02 4.84** 7.68** 0.22 6.34** 2.47 2.83* 0.45 3.66**
S×D 6 2.85* 1.52 1.76 17.73** 8.60** 22.10** 9.50** 16.09** 2.52*
Y×S×D 12 2.98** 0.85 1.53 2.29* 1.88 1.72 0.54 1.28 2.31*

Table 4

Quantitative relationship between accumulated temperature and density with growth indexes before overwintering"

指标Indicator 方程Equation R2
次生根数
Number of secondary roots		 Y=2.603+0.014xT-0.012xD 0.880***
主茎叶龄
Main stem leaf age		 Y=1.229+0.008xT-0.002xD
 0.869***
单株茎蘖数
Tiller number per plant		 Y=3.030+0.009xT-0.012xD
 0.838***
单位面积茎蘖数
Tiller number per unit area		 Y=-755.621+2.181xT+2.890xD
 0.889***

Fig.1

The relationship between the estimated and measured values"

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