Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 172-177.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.023

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Promoting Rot Bacteria Fertilizer on Decomposition Effect of Returning Rice Straw to Field and Yield in Cold Regions

Cao Zhengnan1,2(), Zhao Zhendong1, Hu Bo1, Yu Han1, Ning Xiaohai1, Zhao Zeqiang1, Cao Liyong1,2()   

  1. 1China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
    2Baoqing Northern Rice Research Center, Baoqing 155600, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2024-02-18 Revised:2024-03-14 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and rot bacteria fertilizer on the decomposition effect of rice straws, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice with total return of rice straws to the field in cold regions. The results showed that, compared with the control, the spraying promoting rot bacteria fertilizer significantly improved the root dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio, slowed down the inhibition of root growth and development caused by straw returning in the early stage of rice growth, and the 15% nitrogen reduction significantly increased the root dry matter accumulation in the mature period compared with the conventional nitrogen treatment. The spraying promoting rot bacteria fertilizer also significantly improved the straw decomposition rate, with the highest cumulative decomposition rate reaching 72.35% in the treatment of 15% nitrogen reduction after 120 days, which increased the release of straw nutrients and effectively alleviated the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on the dry matter accumulation and yield in the aboveground parts. Compared with conventional nitrogen application, 15% nitrogen reduction treatment significantly increased the amount of dry matter accumulation in the mature period by 4.1%; the 30% nitrogen reduction treatment didn’t significant reduced yield. This study showed that the appling promoting rot bacteria fertilizer could improve the dry matter accumulation in both aboveground and underground parts, optimize the root-shoot ratio, improve the decomposition rate of straws, release more nutrients to meet the nutritional growth of rice in the later stage, and promote the efficient utilization of straws and the high yield of rice.

Key words: Rice in cold region, Straw returning to field, Decomposition rate, Nitrogen fertilizer, Promoting rot bacteria fertilizer, Yield

Table 1

Cumulative decomposition rate of rice straw during the maturation process %"

处理
Treatment		 累积腐解率Cumulative decomposition rate
30 d 60 d 90 d 120 d
T1 22.35±0.90c 37.32±0.89c 47.36±1.35d 52.33±1.37d
T2 28.02±0.86a 46.57±2.36a 60.55±1.08a 72.35±1.79a
T3 27.12±1.17a 44.14±0.52a 56.80±1.39b 66.68±1.29b
T4 24.27±0.32b 41.08±0.71b 51.93±1.85c 61.70±0.78c
CK 20.35±0.90d 33.07±1.45d 41.48±0.82e 44.25±0.96e

Fig.1

Decomposition rate of rice straw in different periods"

Table 2

Dry matter accumulation and its ratio in each organ of rice at main growth stages"

生育时期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 茎鞘Stem-sheath 叶片Leaf 穗Panicle 总干物质
积累量
Total dry matter
(kg/hm2)
干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation (kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation (kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation (kg/hm2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)
分蘖期
Tillering		 T1 2537.81a 54.34ab 2131.30a 45.66bc － － 4669.10a
T2 2420.38ab 53.59bc 2095.11a 46.41ab － － 4515.49a
T3 2332.50b 53.70bc 2011.12b 46.30ab － － 4343.62b
T4 2087.75c 52.79c 1866.91c 47.21a － － 3954.66c
CK 2011.01c 55.12a 1637.34d 44.88c － － 3648.35d
齐穗期
Heading		 T1 6596.52a 55.27a 3296.72a 27.62b 2042.04ab 17.11ab 11 935.28a
T2 6524.28a 54.48a 3295.60a 27.52b 2155.72a 18.00a 11 975.60a
T3 6398.28a 55.96a 3182.20a 27.86b 1851.64bc 16.18bc 11 432.12a
T4 5470.08b 55.25a 2751.06b 27.80b 1678.32c 16.95ab 9899.40b
CK 3709.84c 55.37a 1963.36c 29.31a 1027.01d 15.32c 6700.21c
成熟期
Maturity		 T1 5247.94ab 27.32a 2707.31a 14.09c 11 255.23ab 58.60a 19 210.47b
T2 5307.75a 27.03a 2758.42a 14.05c 11 568.72a 58.93a 19 634.88a
T3 4964.57b 26.79a 2646.96ab 14.29c 10 918.81b 58.92a 18 530.33b
T4 4446.48c 28.02a 2445.43b 15.39b 8989.25c 56.59b 15 881.15c
CK 3149.39d 28.37a 1848.45c 16.64a 6101.51d 54.99c 11 099.35d

Table 3

Root dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio of rice at main growth stages"

处理
Treatment		 根系干物质积累量Root dry matter accumulation (kg/hm2) 根冠比Root-shoot ratio
分蘖期Tillering 齐穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity 分蘖期Tillering 齐穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
T1 1139.89b 2177.88bc 1470.26bc 0.24c 0.18d 0.08c
T2 1292.46a 2396.17a 1682.60a 0.29ab 0.20cd 0.09bc
T3 1249.04ab 2288.33ab 1569.60ab 0.29ab 0.21bc 0.08bc
T4 1213.87ab 2128.87c 1423.61c 0.31c 0.22bc 0.09b
CK 965.73c 1625.32d 1282.47d 0.27bc 0.24a 0.12a

Table 4

Grain yield and yield components of rice in different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Number of effective panicles (×104/hm2)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 每穗粒数
Grains per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
T1 479.64±14.33a 26.12±0.17a 89.38±3.27ab 94.46±1.08b 9396.83±158.57b
T2 483.84±14.03a 26.10±0.06a 90.93±2.66a 96.69±1.27a 9785.73±148.67a
T3 451.92±12.43b 26.27±0.13a 87.09±3.84ab 97.21±0.30a 9214.30±85.81b
T4 412.44±18.91c 26.38±0.19a 83.47±3.97b 97.40±0.79a 7698.40±153.07c
CK 346.92±13.88d 26.31±0.12a 63.24±4.74c 95.97±0.97ab 5055.53±158.57d
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