Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 180-185.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.029

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Influence of Mowing Stages on Hay Yield and Fermentation Quality of Spring Barley

Zhao Zhun1,2,Qi Juncang1,2,Li Jian1,2,Guo Yan1,Ling Jiangrui1,Li Huqing1   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2 The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-04-12 Revised:2019-05-28 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-11-07
  • Contact: Juncang Qi

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

200

Abstract:

In order to determine the optimal mowing stages for spring barley as a silage in Xinjiang, the experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mowing stages (heading stage, filling stage, filling for 10 days, dough stage) on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and fermentation quality of 3 spring barley cultivars (lines). The results showed that dry matter yield and dry matter content of barley significantly increased with Kenpimai13 and P13-3. Hay yield of P13-3 mowed at dough stage was the highest which reached the maximum of 14 731.46kg/hm 2. The contents of crude protein and crude fat decreased and the contents of neutral detergent fiber in Kenpimai13 and P13-3 increased gradually with the delay of moving. The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid decreased after barley stage. The fermentation quality of Kenpimai13 and P13-3 of filling for 10 days was significantly higher than that at heading stage and filling stage. Therefore, in consideration of yield and quality, the best silage cutting time of spring barley in Xinjiang was filling for 10 days.

Key words: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Mowing stage, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Agronomic traits of barley at different mowing stages"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 刈割期
Mowing stage		 日期(月/日)
Date (Month/day)		 株高(cm)
Plant height		 茎比例(%)
Stem proportion		 叶比例(%)
Leaf proportion		 穗比例(%)
Ear proportion
垦啤麦13 抽穗期Heading stage 5/29 82.93±0.95b 33.96±0.83bc 55.83±0.70a 10.21±0.13f
Kenpimai13 灌浆期Filling stage 6/4 105.97±3.07a 34.36±1.64bc 37.92±0.95c 27.71±0.69e
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 6/14 107.40±3.12a 22.85±1.30d 17.04±1.32h 60.11±2.59b
蜡熟期Dough stage 6/26 107.40±1.15a 19.92±1.11e 13.89±1.64i 66.19±0.95a
P13-3 抽穗期Heading stage 5/24 69.87±3.81d 36.17±0.17ab 52.20±0.14b 11.63±0.03f
灌浆期Filling stage 6/1 83.00±3.06b 37.80±1.69a 34.06±0.92d 28.14±0.76e
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 6/10 83.17±3.15b 23.97±3.53d 24.04±0.45f 51.99±3.19c
蜡熟期Dough stage 6/23 83.83±1.50b 16.33±1.25f 16.31±1.24h 67.36±2.43a
甘啤4号 抽穗期Heading stage 5/31 78.37±2.76c 35.06±1.23ab 54.84±1.04a 10.09±0.19f
Ganpi4 灌浆期Filling stage 6/4 87.20±1.95b 36.13±0.99ab 35.85±0.56d 28.02±0.44e
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 6/14 86.63±1.97b 31.32±2.25c 27.90±1.85e 40.78±4.06d
蜡熟期Dough stage 6/26 83.20±2.74b 15.11±1.96f 19.61±1.09g 65.28±0.87a

Table 2

Yields of fresh grass and hay yield and dry matter content of barley at different mowing stages"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 刈割期
Mowing stage		 鲜草产量(kg/hm2)
Fresh grass yield		 干草产量(kg/hm2)
Hay yield		 干物质含量(%)
Dry matter content
垦啤麦13 抽穗期Heading stage 25 070.65±817.28ef 5 142.19±139.47g 20.52±0.58h
Kenpimai13 灌浆期Filling stage 29 844.75±697.53bc 6 991.20±36.77e 23.43±0.53g
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 28 964.61±1058.47c 12 016.03±1125.55bc 41.44±2.50d
蜡熟期Dough stage 22 590.26±567.66g 12 857.20±118.60b 56.93±0.97b
P13-3 抽穗期Heading stage 24 007.09±372.77f 5 375.00±184.21fg 22.39±0.51gh
灌浆期Filling stage 26 057.48±1006.80de 7 051.72±477.87e 27.06±1.59f
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 31 418.33±1149.33a 11 271.44±132.78c 35.90±0.88e
蜡熟期Dough stage 24 297.20±1044.26f 14 731.46±1322.36a 60.55±3.07a
甘啤4号 抽穗期Heading stage 26 830.93±666.24d 5 405.29±417.59fg 20.16±1.75h
Ganpi4 灌浆期Filling stage 26 617.57±877.71d 6 218.21±170.51ef 23.37±0.49i
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 30 511.52±977.77ab 10 146.28±593.01d 33.24±1.31e
蜡熟期Dough stage 19 843.16±277.17h 10 078.76±524.10d 50.78±2.00c

Table 3

The hay quality of barley at different mowing stages"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 刈割期
Mowing stage		 中性洗涤纤维(%)
Neutral detergent fiber		 酸性洗涤纤维(%)
Acid detergent fiber		 粗蛋白(%)
Crude protein		 粗脂肪(%)
Crude fat		 粗灰分(%)
Crude ash		 相对饲用价值
Relative feeding value
垦啤麦13 抽穗期Heading stage 56.26±2.34e 24.24±1.82bcd 11.60±1.09ab 4.46±0.17a 6.98±0.28bc 110.86±1.25b
Kenpimai13 灌浆期Filling stage 57.76±1.87e 24.00±1.29bcd 7.50±0.57c 3.02±0.16c 7.29±0.04ab 113.14±3.81b
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 59.96±3.14de 20.47±2.49e 4.78±0.23f 2.96±0.14c 4.69±0.37fg 113.49±9.06b
蜡熟期Dough stage 60.84±1.01de 28.83±1.14a 4.47±0.10f 1.93±0.34d 4.47±0.46g 101.60±1.43cd
P13-3 抽穗期Heading stage 60.54±1.27de 21.05±2.56de 12.03±0.57a 4.75±0.44a 7.50±0.05ab 111.47±4.98b
灌浆期Filling stage 60.34±3.76de 22.39±2.78cde 7.52±0.27c 3.34±0.11bc 6.34±0.10de 110.29±3.41b
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 68.30±1.11a 21.65±3.33cde 6.28±0.38de 2.96±0.03c 6.15±0.56e 98.15±4.50d
蜡熟期Dough stage 67.29±0.57ab 19.78±1.10e 5.38±0.28ef 2.34±0.15d 5.91±0.23e 101.59±1.35cd
甘啤4号 抽穗期Heading stage 62.47±1.54cd 21.11±0.85de 10.77±1.10b 4.43±0.60a 6.70±0.30cd 107.92±1.82bc
Ganpi4 灌浆期Filling stage 54.49±0.95f 21.99±0.45cde 7.38±1.28cd 3.65±0.14b 7.73±0.18a 122.55±2.73a
灌浆10d Filling for 10 days 63.99±1.51c 25.46±0.98b 5.46±0.39ef 2.92±0.05c 5.94±0.23e 100.45±3.35d
蜡熟期Dough stage 65.40±1.21bc 28.64±1.52a 5.08±0.46ef 2.33±0.17d 5.02±0.23f 94.72±1.14d

Table 4

The fermentation quality of barley at different moving stages"

品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 刈割期
Mowing stage		 pH 氨态氮(%)
NH3-N		 乳酸(%)
Lactic acid		 乙酸(%)
Acetic acid		 丙酸(%)
Propionic acid		 丁酸(%)
Butyric acid		 V-评分
V-Score
垦啤麦13
Kenpimai13		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 3.85±0.02i 1.65±0.11h 1.52±0.39bc 0.57±0.11de 0.28±0.04abc 0.92±0.17a 50.55±0.93f
灌浆期
Filling stage		 4.16±0.08gh 3.70±0.10b 0.75±0.16bcd 0.94±0.18bc 0.43±0.30a 0.01±0.02c 88.38±6.82e
灌浆10d
Filling for 10 days		 4.36±0.04fg 3.00±0.09de 0.33±0.12d 0.44±0.11e 0.47±0.03a 0.05±0.09c 94.58±0.41abc
蜡熟期
Dough stage		 5.15±0.05c 0.91±0.08ij 0.17±0.05d 0.46±0.02e 0.19±0.01bc 0.00±0.00c 95.66±0.70abc
P13-3 抽穗期
Heading stage		 3.76±0.19e 4.06±0.11a 2.81±1.06a 0.55±0.15de 0.08±0.03c 0.41±0.57b 89.26±6.22de
灌浆期
Filling stage		 4.19±0.13gh 3.45±0.21c 1.51±0.49bc 0.79±0.13cd 0.22±0.13bc 0.00±0.00c 93.79±0.10abcd
灌浆10d
Filling for 10 days		 5.06±0.13cd 3.16±0.31d 1.08±0.71bcd 0.47±0.06e 0.11±0.14c 0.00±0.00c 97.08±1.03ab
蜡熟期
Dough stage		 5.64±0.28a 1.02±0.16i 0.27±0.08d 0.35±0.11e 0.07±0.01c 0.00±0.00c 98.33±0.74a
甘啤4号
Ganpi4		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 4.17±0.03gh 2.14±0.12g 1.62±0.33b 1.17±0.13ab 0.08±0.07c 0.05±0.05c 92.62±2.27bcde
灌浆期
Filling stage		 4.18±0.04gh 2.84±0.04e 0.78±0.22bcd 0.92±0.24bc 0.40±0.08ab 0.00±0.00c 92.33±2.14bcde
灌浆10d
Filling for 10 days		 4.87±0.09de 2.38±0.11f 1.27±0.21bc 0.44±0.05e 0.21±0.10bc 0.00±0.00c 96.47±1.03abc
蜡熟期
Dough stage		 5.38±0.11b 0.80±0.05ij 0.25±0.04d 0.58±0.08de 0.11±0.03c 0.00±0.00c 96.58±1.12ab
[1] 韩昕儒, 陈永福, 钱小平 . 中国目前饲料粮需求量究竟有多少. 农业技术经济, 2014(8):60-68.
[2] 姜万利, 李晓敏 . 新疆草业发展探讨. 新疆畜牧业, 2016(2):12-15.
[3] 闫文杰 . 西北牧区草食畜牧业生产力评价及发展潜力研究. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[4] 李和平, 史海滨, 包小庆 , 等. 西北牧区灌溉人工草地适宜发展规模分析. 中国草地学报, 2007,29(4):104-109.
[5] 何立文 . 全株玉米青贮品质评价及其对肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品质的影响. 北京:中国农业大学, 2017.
[6] 张莹, 陈志飞, 张晓娜 , 等. 不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响. 草业学报, 2016,25(11):124-135.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb2016020
[7] Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y , et al. The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2000,88(1):39-46.
[8] 田静, 谢昭良, 刘家杏 , 等. 冬闲田种植大麦不同生育期的营养价值和青贮品质. 草业科学, 2017,34(4):753-760.
[9] 邢虎成, 谭松林, 张英 , 等. 刈割时期和留茬高度对大麦鲜草产量及饲用品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2018,34(31):1-4.
[10] Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A . Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[11] 杨胜 . 饲料分析及饲料质量监测技术. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1998.
[12] Hilla J, Leaver J D . Effect of stage of growth at harvest and level of urea application on chemical changes during storage of whole-crop wheat. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1999,77(3):281-301.
[13] Bell C J, Incoll L D . The redistribution of assimilate in field-grown winter wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1990,41(8):949-960.
[14] Throop H L . Nitrogen deposition and herbivory affect biomass production and allocation in an annual plant. Oikos, 2005,111(1):91-100.
[15] 段倩雯, 成慧, 侯扶江 . 景泰绿洲三种小谷物生长时间对牧草产量和营养品质的预测. 草业学报, 2017,26(6):185-194.
[16] 李蕾蕾, 花登峰, 郑兴卫 , 等. 含水量和混播比例对青南牧区燕麦-箭筈豌豆/毛苕子混播青贮品质的影响. 草业学报, 2018,27(7):166-174.
[17] 郭玉琴, 何欣, 孙晓利 . 不同含水率对苜蓿青贮营养成分的影响. 当代畜牧, 2005(12):38-39.
[18] 高海娟, 柴凤久, 刘泽东 , 等. 应用V-Score体系评价不同含水量苜蓿青贮饲料品质. 中国饲料, 2016(12):16-18.
[19] Weatherburn M W . Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry, 1967,39(8):971-974.
[20] 陈晓东, 赵斌, 王瑞 , 等. 不同刈割茬次与刈割时期对大麦饲草产量与品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2015,31(12):36-39.
[21] 杨库, 王加启, 王连群 , 等. 不同干物质含量全株玉米青贮营养成分及有机酸比较. 中国奶牛, 2007(8):18-20.
[22] 范小红, 杨得玉, 郝力壮 , 等. 青海省海晏县牧场牧草营养品质全年动态. 草业科学, 2017,34(11):2359-2365.
[1] Zhang Yanhua,Chang Xuhong,Wang Demei,Tao Zhiqiang,Wang Yanjie,Yang Yushuang,Zhao Guangcai. Effects of Zinc Topdressing Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wheat under Different Soil Conditions [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 109-113.
[2] Ren Yongfeng,Lu Zhanyuan,Zhao Peiyi,Gao Yu,Liu Guanghua,Li Yanfang. Effects of Different Planting Methods on Water Utilization and Yield of Potato in Dryland [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 120-124.
[3] Liang Xiaohong,Zhang Ruidong,Huang Minjia,Liu Jing,Cao Xiong. Interaction of Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Yield, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 135-142.
[4] Chen Li,Zhang Luxin,Wu Feng,Li Zhen,Long Xingzhou,Yang Yurui,Yin Baozhong. Effects of Wheat-Maize Double Crops Rotational Tillage on Soil Characteristics and Crop Yield in Hebei Plain [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 143-150.
[5] Jiang Lina,Zhang Yawen,Zhu Yalin,Zhao Lingxiao. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation, Transport and Yield in Different Wheat Varieties [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 151-158.
[6] Dong Zhiqiang,Wang Mengmeng,Li Hongyi,Xue Xiaoping,Pan Zhihua,Hou Yingyu,Chen Chen,Li Nan,Li Manhua. Applicability Assessment of WOFOST Model of Growth and Yield of Summer Maize in Shandong Province [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 159-165.
[7] Wang Jinsong,Dong Erwei,Jiao Xiaoyan,Wu Ailian,Bai Wenbin,Wang Lige,Guo Jun,Han Xiong,Liu Qingshan. Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Sorghum Jinnuo 3 [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 166-172.
[8] Ma Yifeng,Liang Qian,Ge Junzhu,Xin Decai. Comparison of Yield Formation Between Winter Wheat Jimai 22 and Spring Wheat Jinqiang 8 [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 192-195.
[9] Liu Xingye,Xing Baolong,Wu Ruixiang,Wang Guimei,Liu Fei. Main Agronomic Traits Variation and Its Effects on Yield Composition of Mung Bean in Northern Shanxi Province [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 69-75.
[10] Wei Wei,Zhou Juanjuan,Sang Dan,Tenzin Tarchen,Cui Yan,Qin Aiqiong. Evaluation of Productivity and Quality of Wild Domestication Poa annua L. in Northern Tibet [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 76-81.
[11] Li Guannan,Huang Lihua,Zhang Lu,Chen Jiaxing,Yang Jingmin. Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Straw Returning on Nutrition and Taste Quality of Rice in Saline-Sodic Soil of Northeast China [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 82-88.
[12] Ma Fanfan,Xing Sulin,Gan Manqin,Liu Peishi,Huang Yu,Gan Xiaoyu,Ma Youhua. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substituting for Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield, Soil Fertility and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 89-96.
[13] Liu Xiaoya,Zhang Lifeng,Zhang Jizong,Shi Wenbin,Zhang Peiyue. Adapt Ability of Brassica napus to Cold Environment in Bashang of North China [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 97-103.
[14] Yan Wei,Li Guolong,Li Zhi,Cao Yang,Zhang Shaoying. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density Interaction on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Root Yield of Sugar Beet under Full-Film Mulching in Arid Regions [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(4): 100-106.
[15] Wan Xiaoju,Zhang Guoqiang,Wang Keru,Xie Ruizhi,Shen Dongping,Chen Jianglu,Liu Chaowei,Li Shaokun. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Spring Maize in Northern Xinjiang [J]. Crops, 2019, 35(4): 107-112.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Wang Haitao,Liu Cunjing,Tang Liyuan,Zhang Sujun,Li Xinghe,Cai Xiao,Zhang Xiangyun,Zhang Jianhong. Status and Developmental Tendency of Hybrid Cotton in Hebei Province[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 1 -8 .
[2] Meng Fanlai,Guo Huachun. Effects of Enhanced UV-B on Photosynthetic Characteristics and UV-Absorbing Compounds of Sweet Potato[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 114 -119 .
[3] Hua Yuhui,Gao Zhiqiang. Hyperspectral Estimation of SPAD Values in Different Varieties of Autumn Maize[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 173 -179 .
[4] Ren Yongfeng,Lu Zhanyuan,Zhao Peiyi,Gao Yu,Liu Guanghua,Li Yanfang. Effects of Different Planting Methods on Water Utilization and Yield of Potato in Dryland[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 120 -124 .
[5] Shi Liran,Hao Hongbo,Cui Haiying,Li Mingzhe. Effects of Shading on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Rapid Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetic Characteristics of Foxtail Millet[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 125 -128 .
[6] Li Chunxi,Li Sisi,Shao Yun,Ma Shouchen,Liu Qing,Weng Zhengpeng,Li Xiaobo. Effects of Organic Materials Returning on Enzyme Activities and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Wheat Field under Nitrogen-Reducing Conditions[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 129 -134 .
[7] Liang Xiaohong,Zhang Ruidong,Huang Minjia,Liu Jing,Cao Xiong. Interaction of Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Yield, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 135 -142 .
[8] Chen Li,Zhang Luxin,Wu Feng,Li Zhen,Long Xingzhou,Yang Yurui,Yin Baozhong. Effects of Wheat-Maize Double Crops Rotational Tillage on Soil Characteristics and Crop Yield in Hebei Plain[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 143 -150 .
[9] Jiang Lina,Zhang Yawen,Zhu Yalin,Zhao Lingxiao. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation, Transport and Yield in Different Wheat Varieties[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 151 -158 .
[10] Dong Zhiqiang,Wang Mengmeng,Li Hongyi,Xue Xiaoping,Pan Zhihua,Hou Yingyu,Chen Chen,Li Nan,Li Manhua. Applicability Assessment of WOFOST Model of Growth and Yield of Summer Maize in Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(5): 159 -165 .