Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 164-169.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.04.023

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Effects of Intercropping Mungbean Straw Returning on Sugarcane Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction

Xie Jinlan(), Lin Li, Li Changning, Luo Ting, Mo Zhanghong   

  1. Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Revised:2020-05-08 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-11

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Abstract:

By setting monocropping sugarcane with conventional nitrogen application (CK) as a control, three treatments of reduced 20% nitrogen with intercropping mungbean (A), reduced 40% nitrogen with intercropping mungbean (B) and reduced 60% nitrogen application intercropping mungbean (C) with mungbean fresh straw returning were used. Sugarcane agronomic traits, yield and the nitrogen metabolism of leaves were measured to study effects of intercropping mungbean straw returning on sugarcane growth and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen fertilizer reduction. The results showed that intercropping with mungbean affected tillering of new-planting sugarcane. Tillering rate was significantly lower than the control. But it had no significant effect on millable cane. The cane yield of new-planting sugarcane was A>B>CK>C. Intercropping mungbean straw returning with nitrogen fertilizer reduction improved shooting rate, plant height, the number of millable stalks and stalk diameter. The yield of ratoon cane was A>B>C>CK. The sugar content of cane in two years was C>B>A>CK. Reduced 20% nitrogen application with mungbean straw returning increased the activities of glutamine synthetase, nitrate reductase, and the contents of free amino acid and soluble sugar. According to sugarcane agronomic traits, cane yield, nitrogen metabolism and economic benefit in the experiment, the treatment A of reduced 20% nitrogen application with mungbean straw returning was optimal.

Key words: Sugarcane, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Intercropping, Mungbean, Nitrogen metabolism

Table 1

Sugarcane yield and agronomic traits in plant cane"

处理
Treatment		 萌芽率
Emergence rate (%)		 分蘖率
Tillering rate (%)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎径
Stalk diameter (cm)		 有效茎数（株/hm2）
Millable stalks (plant/hm2)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
A 62.3a 70.6bB 332a 2.65a 66 335a 114 810a
B 65.2a 71.9bB 329a 2.66a 65 210a 113 610a
C 64.0a 66.6bB 316a 2.67a 61 250a 109 305a
CK 60.6a 91.3aA 333a 2.66a 65 015a 113 220a

Table 2

Sugarcane yield and agronomic traits in ratoon cane"

处理
Treatment		 发株率
Shooting rate (%)		 分蘖率
Tillering rate (%)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎径
Stalk diameter (cm)		 有效茎数（株/hm2）
Millable stalks (plant/hm2)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
A 162.2a 23.3a 349a 2.77a 63 215a 95 775a
B 155.0a 16.1a 340a 2.75a 62 495a 88 965a
C 154.5a 19.9a 329a 2.71a 59 255a 87 045a
CK 149.5a 17.1a 331a 2.66a 59 330a 83 535a

Table 3

Sugar content of cane under different treatments %"

处理
Treatment		 新植蔗New-planting cane 宿根蔗Ratoon cane
11月Nov. 12月Dec. 1月Jan. 平均Average 11月Nov. 12月Dec. 1月Jan. 平均Average
A 13.40 14.04 13.35 13.60 14.17 15.00 15.38 14.85
B 13.07 14.00 14.91 13.99 13.98 15.23 15.94 15.05
C 13.18 14.79 15.46 14.48 14.22 15.12 15.73 15.02
CK 12.69 12.94 13.79 13.14 14.12 15.28 15.39 14.93

Table 4

Activities of glutamine synthetase at different stages U/g"

处理
Treatment		 新植蔗New-planting cane 宿根蔗Ratoon cane
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage
A 53.46a 49.90a 12.97a 25.13a
B 53.24a 51.88a 12.64a 21.67a
C 52.60a 44.51a 12.41a 21.27a
CK 58.25a 45.18a 11.82a 21.70a

Table 5

Activities of nitrate reductase at different stages μmol/(h·g)"

处理
Treatment		 新植蔗New-planting cane 宿根蔗Ratoon cane
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage
A 0.80a 1.93a 0.87a 0.82aA
B 0.84a 1.73ab 0.89a 0.85aA
C 0.74a 1.63b 0.88a 0.79aA
CK 0.71a 1.74ab 0.90a 0.66bB

Table 6

Contents of amino acid at different stages μmol/g"

处理
Treatment		 新植蔗New-planting cane 宿根蔗Ratoon cane
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage
A 11.98a 32.67a 26.76a 29.29a
B 10.72a 27.66b 30.26a 24.35b
C 15.46a 26.25b 26.68a 23.67b
CK 13.14a 27.79b 30.50a 24.33b

Table 7

Contents of soluble sugar at different stages mg/g"

处理
Treatment		 新植蔗New-planting cane 宿根蔗Ratoon cane
分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage		 分蘖期
Tillering
stage		 伸长期
Elongation
stage
A 8.11a 3.94a 13.31a 11.43a
B 9.13a 3.93a 12.06a 10.86a
C 7.81a 3.62ab 12.95a 10.62a
CK 7.92a 3.02b 10.97a 10.47a

Table 8

Economic benefit analysis of different fertilizer treatments"

处理
Treatment		 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 投入（元/hm2） Input (yuan/hm2) 收入（元/hm2）
Income (yuan/hm2)
新植蔗
New-planting cane		 宿根蔗
Ratoon cane		 平均
Average		 化肥
Fertilizer		 绿豆种子
Mungbean seed		 人工
Labor
A 114 810 95 775 105 293 3 750 375 2 330 45 969
B 113 610 88 965 101 288 3 413 375 1 849 44 343
C 109 305 87 045 98 175 3 075 375 1 476 43 156
CK 113 220 83 535 98 378 4 160 - - 44 099
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