Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 87-94.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.013

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Effects of Mechanical Direct Dry Seeding on Rice Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield

Tang Zhiqiang1(), Zhang Liying1, He Na1, Ma Zuobing1, Zhao Mingzhu1, Wang Changhua1, Zheng Wenjing1, Yin Yong’an2, Wang Hui1()   

  1. 1Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110101, Liaoning, China
    2Xinjiang Tianye Group Ltd., Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2020-11-17 Revised:2020-12-01 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Wang Hui E-mail:tzq521000@126.com;daozuosuowh@126.com

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Abstract:

Understanding the effects of the two planting methods on rice growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield could provide the guidance for direct seeding of rice in Liaoning province. Two planting methods were used in this study, transplanting and direct seeding, to compare and analyze the growth, tiller number, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice. Early and medium maturing variety Liaoxing 21, upland rice varieties Han 403 and Han 9710 in Liaoning province were used. The results showed that the yield of different varieties of rice was higher in case of transplanting compared to direct seeding planting. Whereas, the yield of direct seeding of Liaoxing 21 was higher compared to Han 403 and Han 9710 in transplanting method. Compared with transplanting, the plant height, number of leaf and net photosynthetic rate decreased in direct seeding rice. The main stem panicle should the main for the direct seeding, which could optimize the population structure and improve the photosynthetic characteristics, and so as to improve rice yield.

Key words: Rice, Mechanical dry direct seeding, Growth process, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

Table 1

Effects of planting methods on rice yield and its components"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting
pattern		 品种
Cultivar		 有效穗数
Productive panicle
(×104/hm2)		 穗长
Panicle
length (cm)		 一级枝梗数
Primary
branch number		 二级枝梗数
Secondary
branch number		 穗粒数
Full grains
per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)		 实际产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
2018 移栽 辽星21 276.9e 17.6a 11.8a 27.3a 116.5a 92.6a 23.1c 8.37a
旱403 311.1d 16.0bc 10.9b 24.2b 96.3b 94.0a 23.1c 6.98c
旱9710 345.6b 15.6cd 10.4c 22.3c 95.6b 93.0a 22.3d 7.74b
直播 辽星21 381.9a 16.5b 10.5c 13.0e 76.6d 92.0a 25.1a 7.56b
旱403 331.2c 14.8e 9.1d 11.0f 67.5e 95.2a 24.6ab 5.61e
旱9710 323.3c 15.2de 9.2d 16.2d 81.1c 91.9a 24.1b 6.45d
2019 移栽 辽星21 282.9d 18.3a 11.9a 27.3a 114.8a 91.7a 24.7bc 8.35a
旱403 329.3c 16.1c 9.9b 21.2b 94.3b 92.0a 23.7d 7.93b
旱9710 359.7b 15.4d 10.2b 21.1b 92.5b 90.1a 24.1cd 8.20a
直播 辽星21 363.7b 16.7b 10.1b 17.0c 82.1c 90.5a 26.3a 7.49c
旱403 389.8a 14.9de 8.6d 14.2d 65.9d 93.0a 25.3b 6.87d
旱9710 363.7b 14.6e 9.4c 17.0c 80.3c 91.0a 25.4b 6.99d

Table 2

Correlation analysis of transplanting method yield and its components"

指标
Index		 有效穗数
Productive
panicle		 穗长
Panicle
length		 一级枝梗数
Primary
branch number		 二级枝梗数
Secondary
branch number		 穗粒数
Full grains
per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting
rate		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight		 实际
产量
Yield
有效穗数Productive panicle 1
穗长Panicle length -0.92** 1
一级枝梗数Primary branch number -0.90** 0.89** 1
二级枝梗数Secondary branch number -0.95** 0.91** 0.99** 1
穗粒数Full grains per panicle -0.91** 0.95** 0.94** 0.95** 1
结实率Seed setting rate -0.35 0.04 0.20 0.28 0.08 1
千粒重1000-seed weight -0.20 0.45 0.23 0.19 0.27 -0.66 1
实际产量Yield -0.23 0.52 0.33 0.29 0.55 -0.70 0.49 1

Table 3

Correlation of directing rice seeding method yield and its components"

指标
Index		 有效穗数
Productive
panicle		 穗长
Panicle
length		 一级枝梗数
Primary
branch number		 二级枝梗数
Secondary
branch number		 穗粒数
Full grains
per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting
rate		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight		 实际
产量
Yield
有效穗数Productive panicle 1
穗长Panicle length 0.29 1
一级枝梗数Primary branch number 0.21 0.85* 1
二级枝梗数Secondary branch number 0.05 0.13 0.11 1
穗粒数Full grains per panicle -0.21 0.44 0.59 0.77* 1
结实率Seed setting rate -0.50 -0.73 -0.86* -0.12 -0.46 1
千粒重1000-seed weight 0.63 0.50 0.39 0.40 0.22 -0.27 1
实际产量Yield 0.71 0.70 0.66 0.52 0.51 -0.81* 0.68 1

Table 4

The main growth stages of rice under different planting methods 月-日Month-day"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 品种
Cultivar		 播种期
Seeding		 移栽期
Transplanting		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 成熟期
Maturity
2018 移栽 辽星21 04-18 05-23 07-10 07-20 08-01 09-30
旱403 04-18 05-23 07-06 07-17 07-29 09-26
旱9710 04-18 05-23 07-06 07-17 07-29 09-26
直播 辽星21 04-29 – 07-17 07-24 08-07 10-01
旱403 04-29 – 07-15 07-21 08-03 09-30
旱9710 04-29 – 07-17 07-21 08-03 09-30
2019 移栽 辽星21 04-15 05-22 07-12 07-25 08-07 09-30
旱403 04-15 05-22 07-10 07-24 08-05 09-24
旱9710 04-15 05-22 07-10 07-24 08-05 09-26
直播 辽星21 04-27 – 07-20 07-31 08-11 10-01
旱403 04-27 – 07-17 07-29 08-08 09-30
旱9710 04-27 – 07-17 07-29 08-08 09-30

Table 5

The plant height and leaf age of rice under different planting methods"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 品种
Cultivar		 株高Plant height (cm) 叶龄Leaf age
拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 齐穗期
Full heading		 成熟期
Maturity
2018 移栽 辽星21 71.8a 94.5a 117.5a 117.5a 11.2a 13.3a 14.2a 14.2a
旱403 58.7d 72.4d 98.7d 98.7d 10.8b 11.9c 13.3b 13.3b
旱9710 61.3c 77.4c 102.9c 102.9c 11.5a 12.5b 13.6b 13.6b
直播 辽星21 67.6b 88.6b 110.8b 110.8b 9.2d 11.2d 12.3c 12.3c
旱403 57.0d 69.3e 80.8f 80.8f 9.5cd 10.6e 11.4d 11.4d
旱9710 57.9d 72.6d 91.5e 91.5e 9.8c 11.2d 12.4c 12.4c
2019 移栽 辽星21 70.4a 85.3a 114.4a 114.4a 11.6a 13.6a 14.6a 14.6a
旱403 55.8bc 66.2e 100.5cd 100.5cd 11.5a 12.5b 13.5b 13.5b
旱9710 57.6b 72.6c 101.3c 101.3c 11.7a 12.7b 13.7b 13.7b
直播 辽星21 69.1a 82.5b 107.0b 107.0b 9.4c 11.4d 12.5c 12.5c
旱403 52.7d 64.6e 91.2e 91.2e 9.7bc 10.7e 11.8d 11.8d
旱9710 54.0d 70.1d 97.5d 97.5d 9.9b 11.9c 12.5c 12.5c

Fig.1

Dynamic changes of rice tiller numbers under different planting methods in 2018"

Fig.2

Dynamic changes of rice tiller numbers under different planting methods in 2019"

Table 6

Effects of planting methods on SPAD value and photosynthetic characteristic parameters at heading stage of rice"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting
pattern		 品种
Cultivar		 SPAD Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] Gs [mol/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol/mol) Tr [mmol/(m2·s)]
剑叶
Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Second
leaf		 剑叶
Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Second
leaf		 剑叶
Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Second
leaf		 剑叶
Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Second
leaf		 剑叶
Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Second
leaf
2018 移栽 辽星21 43.4a 38.9a 31.4a 28.9a 0.24e 0.66b 104.0d 254.1cd 5.66a 2.72d
旱403 38.4b 34.5b 25.2c 20.9d 0.46d 0.48e 234.0c 249.0de 3.76e 3.83c
旱9710 43.1a 38.0a 31.4a 24.9b 0.24e 0.54c 104.0d 245.1e 4.61d 2.72d
直播 辽星21 37.8b 33.8b 29.1b 22.5c 0.69a 0.71a 246.1b 275.1a 5.45c 5.25a
旱403 35.4c 31.1c 22.3d 17.4e 0.65b 0.47e 266.9a 265.9bc 4.62d 5.24a
旱9710 35.6c 31.7c 28.3b 20.6d 0.56c 0.52a 236.0c 259.1c 5.01c 4.77b
2019 移栽 辽星21 42.1a 37.4a 26.1a 22.7a 0.53c 0.43a 238.1c 232.1c 3.73a 4.18c
旱403 37.7c 33.1b 19.1b 16.3c 0.55b 0.26e 260.0b 222.0d 3.10c 4.32b
旱9710 40.5b 36.6a 19.6b 17.8b 0.43d 0.37b 243.1c 246.1b 3.53b 4.10c
直播 辽星21 33.3d 29.7c 22.6b 15.0d 0.72a 0.22f 271.1a 222.1d 2.75d 5.42a
旱403 31.5d 28.6d 16.1e 14.9d 0.33e 0.35c 246.0c 257.9a 3.58b 3.35d
旱9710 32.9e 29.6cd 20.7c 14.7d 0.27f 0.34d 189.0d 256.1a 3.48b 2.92e
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