Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 56-64.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.01.008

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Evaluation the Breeding Utilizability of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat in Huang-Huai Area

Song Quanhao1,2(), Jin Yan1(), Song Jiajing1, Bai Dong1, Zhao Lishang1, Chen Jie1, Zhu Tongquan1   

  1. 1Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, 6-641 06600 El Batan, Mexico
  • Received:2021-03-30 Revised:2021-05-07 Online:2022-01-14 Published:2022-02-16
  • Contact: Jin Yan E-mail:2005@163.com;421156341@qq.com

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Abstract:

To reveal the application value of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) in breeding program in Huang-Huai area, five SHWs introduced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were used to backcross with common wheat Zhumai 305, main agronomic traits, yield relative traits and grain quality were investigated in the parents and BC2 populations. The results showed that plant height, spikelet number, grain number per spike, harvest index and 1000-seed weight were unfavorable traits for SHW compared with common wheat, but SHW produced more tillers. The fibre content, gluten content, protein content and hardness of SHW were higher than those of Zhumai 305 (P > 0.05). The harvest index of BC2 was significantly higher than that of SHW, the yield of BC2 was significantly lower than that of common wheat, while significantly higher than that of SHW. The protein and gluten contents of BC2 were significantly increased compared with those of common wheat parent, and only BC2-SHW1 and BC2-SHW2 populations of 2018-2019 did not reach the significant level. These results indicated that the five SHWs could be used as important quality improvement germplasms in wheat breeding program.

Key words: Synthetic hexaploid wheat, Backcross population, Agronomic traits, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Agronomic traits and seed quality of common wheat Zhumai 305, SHW and backcross populations"

性状
Trait		 驻麦305
Zhumai 305		 SHW 回交群体
Backcross population
最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 均值
Average
株高Plant height (cm) 74.82 76.37 75.64 101.09 118.41 110.71 83.26 92.26 86.87
穗下节长Length of the first internode under spike (cm) 25.10 26.84 26.09 39.36 50.86 44.79 27.63 34.09 29.80
穗下茎长Distance from spike to flag leaf ligule (cm) 7.85 8.36 8.08 20.26 30.71 26.58 9.27 12.81 10.95
穗长Spike length (cm) 10.44 10.81 10.68 12.66 14.77 13.80 10.57 11.79 11.05
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 17.98 18.53 18.26 19.50 27.18 24.37 18.31 22.28 20.06
小穗数Spikelet number 19.10 22.14 20.21 14.17 17.37 16.06 16.04 22.23 18.61
穗粒数Grains per spike 48.90 52.40 50.33 28.40 34.20 31.84 33.30 41.50 36.98
单株分蘖Tillers per plant 6.10 6.40 6.30 7.50 10.60 8.57 6.40 7.80 6.98
单株不育小穗数Sterile spikelets per plant 0.80 1.10 0.97 1.60 3.20 2.33 1.10 2.20 1.83
生物量Biomass (g) 153.34 169.92 163.49 179.25 329.61 258.22 140.97 280.88 194.94
收获系数Harvest index 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.15 0.26 0.21 0.25 0.42 0.32
千粒重1000-seed weight (g) 47.22 47.89 47.63 38.93 45.95 41.76 41.85 46.83 43.69
产量Yield (g) 71.71 77.75 75.49 40.58 63.96 51.84 52.24 69.70 62.23
水分含量Moisture content (%) 10.43 10.67 10.55 10.83 11.65 11.15 10.45 11.20 10.78
蛋白质含量Protein content (%) 13.66 13.89 13.77 15.10 17.80 15.92 13.46 16.22 14.62
面筋含量Gulten content (%) 65.96 68.55 67.55 59.06 63.09 61.73 61.22 65.06 63.26
淀粉含量Starch content (%) 2.92 2.99 2.95 3.31 3.48 3.40 3.11 3.41 3.25
纤维含量Fibre content (%) 31.21 31.93 31.62 36.26 44.84 39.18 32.13 39.62 35.78
硬度Hardness 30.46 31.26 30.73 49.58 58.56 53.94 36.43 48.59 42.43
SDS沉降值SDS sedimentation value (mL) 30.05 32.55 31.35 17.50 24.29 20.68 23.15 30.22 27.33
Zeleny沉降值Zeleny sedimentation value (mL) 45.80 54.59 50.20 68.10 91.20 78.85 57.66 76.37 68.39

Table 2

Comparison of agronomic traits of common wheat Zhumai 305, SHW and backcross populations"

群体
Population		 年份
Year		 材料
Material		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗下节长
Length of the first
internode under spike (cm)		 穗下茎长
Distance from spike to
flag leaf ligule (cm)		 穗长
Spike length
(cm)		 旗叶长
Flag leaf
length (cm)		 生物量
Biomass
(g)
1 2018-2019 驻麦305 76.20±0.21c 26.40±0.55c 8.19±0.29c 10.78±0.05b 18.19±0.19b 163.70±7.10a
SHW1 114.17±0.75a 50.01±0.84a 29.65±0.36a 14.57±0.21a 25.84±1.27a 186.46±8.46a
BC2-SHW1 88.49±0.98b 33.52±0.50b 10.10±0.72b 11.03±0.33b 19.49±0.42b 163.37±20.41a
2019-2020 驻麦305 75.07±0.32c 25.77±0.62c 7.97±0.09c 10.57±0.14b 18.32±0.23c 163.28±8.77a
SHW1 116.63±0.78a 48.24±1.90a 29.99±0.63a 14.52±0.21a 25.23±0.99a 248.09±55.87a
BC2-SHW1 88.57±0.70b 32.41±0.31b 10.35±0.17b 10.81±0.15b 19.45±0.63b 214.07±25.32a
2 2018-2019 驻麦305 76.20±0.21c 26.40±0.55c 8.19±0.29c 10.78±0.05b 18.19±0.19c 163.70±7.10b
SHW2 106.89±2.95a 46.81±0.14a 28.61±0.50a 13.41±0.34a 25.30±0.42a 297.23±21.98a
BC2-SHW2 86.35±1.27b 28.88±0.96b 10.93±0.12b 11.00±0.27b 19.33±0.57b 185.71±18.66b
2019-2020 驻麦305 75.07±0.32c 25.77±0.62c 7.97±0.09c 10.57±0.14b 18.32±0.23c 163.28±8.77c
SHW2 106.88±1.69a 44.24±0.33a 26.88±0.30a 13.50±0.29a 24.97±1.23a 308.29±8.99a
BC2-SHW2 85.41±1.02b 28.88±0.53b 10.72±0.19b 10.88±0.32b 20.20±0.23b 230.41±23.79b
3 2018-2019 驻麦305 76.20±0.21c 26.40±0.55c 8.19±0.29c 10.78±0.05b 18.19±0.19c 163.70±7.10b
SHW3 108.44±5.79a 44.59±0.51a 25.40±0.77a 14.37±0.36a 25.21±0.21a 249.13±59.70a
BC2-SHW3 85.51±1.31b 29.68±0.27b 11.07±0.19b 11.35±0.39b 21.16±0.32b 193.16±28.56ab
2019-2020 驻麦305 75.07±0.32c 25.77±0.62c 7.97±0.09c 10.57±0.14b 18.32±0.23c 163.28±8.77b
SHW3 111.10±0.76a 45.75±0.20a 25.46±1.20a 14.05±0.43a 25.25±0.59a 251.53±50.81a
BC2-SHW3 85.49±1.60b 31.51±0.34b 10.68±0.21b 10.78±0.16b 21.04±0.28b 194.82±24.25ab
4 2018-2019 驻麦305 76.20±0.21c 26.40±0.55c 8.19±0.29c 10.78±0.05b 18.19±0.19b 163.70±7.10b
SHW4 102.97±1.64a 40.01±0.67a 21.14±0.19a 12.92±0.12a 21.77±2.06a 240.39±15.56a
BC2-SHW4 85.55±2.10b 28.41±0.43b 10.56±0.31b 11.08±0.31b 19.59±0.67ab 173.63±25.92b
2019-2020 驻麦305 75.07±0.32c 25.77±0.62c 7.97±0.09c 10.57±0.14b 18.32±0.23b 163.28±8.77a
SHW4 107.91±1.15a 39.80±0.13a 20.80±0.57a 12.82±0.20a 23.49±1.71a 231.58±35.35a
BC2-SHW4 86.24±1.70b 27.78±0.23b 10.16±0.36b 10.71±0.20b 19.65±0.88b 175.86±23.11a
5 2018-2019 驻麦305 76.20±0.21c 26.40±0.55c 8.19±0.29c 10.78±0.05c 18.19±0.19b 163.70±7.10b
SHW5 116.76±2.23a 43.59±0.51a 29.00±1.45a 13.85±0.18a 23.26±0.85a 250.42±49.97a
BC2-SHW5 87.34±1.52b 28.76±0.70b 12.47±0.30b 11.45±0.17b 18.75±0.52b 189.33±29.86ab
2019-2020 驻麦305 75.07±0.32c 25.77±0.62c 7.97±0.09c 10.57±0.14c 18.32±0.23c 163.28±8.77b
SHW5 115.36±1.90a 44.86±0.40a 28.84±0.15a 13.98±0.20a 23.39±0.53a 319.10±17.15a
BC2-SHW5 89.71±3.38b 28.15±0.56b 12.50±0.35b 11.43±0.25b 21.90±0.34b 229.03±47.34b

Table 3

Comparison of yield relative agronomic traits of common wheat Zhumai 305, SHW and backcross populations"

群体
Population		 年份
Year		 材料
Material		 单株分蘖数
Tillers
per plant		 小穗数
Spikelet
number		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 单株不育小穗数
Sterile spikelets
per plant		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight (g)		 收获系数
Harvest
index		 产量
Yield
(g)
1 2018-2019 驻麦305 6.23±0.15b 20.93±1.06a 51.63±1.00a 0.93±0.15b 47.63±0.36a 0.47±0.01a 76.22±1.71a
SHW1 8.70±0.79a 16.35±0.96b 28.80±0.35c 2.13±0.31a 41.84±0.06b 0.24±0.01c 44.14±2.56c
BC2-SHW1 7.33±0.15b 18.46±1.2ab 38.47±1.02b 1.87±0.21a 42.33±0.13b 0.34±0.03b 55.73±5.24b
2019-2020 驻麦305 6.37±0.06b 19.49±0.53a 49.03±0.15a 1.00±0.17b 47.63±0.36a 0.46±0.01a 74.76±2.84a
SHW1 8.73±0.85a 15.53±0.46c 31.37±0.45c 2.10±0.44a 41.39±0.67c 0.21±0.03c 51.42±11.12b
BC2-SHW1 6.90±0.26b 17.29±0.17b 37.23±1.06b 1.77±0.12a 43.48±0.21b 0.28±0.02b 60.47±6.16b
2 2018-2019 驻麦305 6.23±0.15c 20.93±1.06a 51.63±1.00a 0.93±0.15b 47.63±0.36a 0.47±0.01a 76.22±1.71a
SHW2 10.03±0.51a 16.58±0.41c 33.07±1.06c 2.00±0.36a 45.80±0.13b 0.18±0.02c 53.75±1.71c
BC2-SHW2 7.50±0.30b 18.60±0.48b 36.60±2.25b 1.87±0.21ab 46.44±0.39b 0.36±0.03b 66.87±2.03b
2019-2020 驻麦305 6.37±0.06b 19.49±0.53a 49.03±0.15a 1.00±0.17b 47.63±0.36a 0.46±0.01a 74.76±2.84a
SHW2 9.30±0.40a 16.84±0.58b 33.37±0.87c 2.30±0.10a 45.73±0.10c 0.18±0.02c 54.76±4.96b
BC2-SHW2 6.60±0.20b 18.27±0.90ab 35.70±0.56b 1.97±0.15a 46.52±0.24b 0.30±0.03b 67.60±1.83a
3 2018-2019 驻麦305 6.23±0.15c 20.93±1.06a 51.63±1.00a 0.93±0.15b 47.63±0.36a 0.47±0.01a 76.22±1.71a
SHW3 8.37±0.31a 15.57±0.98c 31.47±0.21c 2.03±0.32a 41.08±0.19c 0.22±0.04c 52.45±3.72c
BC2-SHW3 7.00±0.35b 18.56±0.73b 35.10±0.60b 1.67±0.31a 44.01±0.21b 0.34±0.07b 64.91±4.15b
2019-2020 驻麦305 6.37±0.06b 19.49±0.53b 49.03±0.15a 1.00±0.17b 47.63±0.36a 0.46±0.01a 74.76±2.84a
SHW3 8.50±0.36a 16.83±0.69c 30.63±1.25c 2.13±0.31a 40.88±0.50c 0.21±0.04c 51.28±1.01c
BC2-SHW3 6.97±0.40b 21.26±0.98a 35.53±1.05b 1.47±0.40b 43.48±0.42b 0.34±0.04b 64.66±0.83b
4 2018-2019 驻麦305 6.23±0.15b 20.93±1.06a 51.63±1.00a 0.93±0.15c 47.63±0.36a 0.47±0.01a 76.22±1.71a
SHW4 7.70±0.17a 16.19±0.10b 32.03±0.75b 2.53±0.25a 40.37±0.24c 0.22±0.01c 52.55±2.64c
BC2-SHW4 6.77±0.38b 18.90±1.52a 34.77±1.45b 1.97±0.21b 43.32±0.35b 0.34±0.04b 58.08±2.12b
2019-2020 驻麦305 6.37±0.06c 19.49±0.53a 49.03±0.15a 1.00±0.17b 47.63±0.36a 0.46±0.01a 74.76±2.84a
SHW4 7.77±0.15a 15.95±0.71b 32.10±1.91c 2.20±0.20a 41.28±0.32c 0.21±0.03c 47.10±5.96c
BC2-SHW4 6.93±0.29b 19.66±1.46a 37.30±1.30b 1.97±0.21a 43.08±0.29b 0.33±0.04b 56.67±2.76b
5 2018-2019 驻麦305 6.23±0.15c 20.93±1.06a 51.63±1.00a 0.93±0.15c 47.63±0.36a 0.47±0.01a 76.22±1.71a
SHW5 8.03±0.23a 14.86±0.61b 33.13±1.50c 3.00±0.26a 40.01±0.06c 0.22±0.04c 54.47±1.14c
BC2-SHW5 6.70±0.20b 16.89±0.73b 39.67±1.63b 1.90±0.20b 42.29±0.52b 0.33±0.03b 62.84±5.65b
2019-2020 驻麦305 6.37±0.06c 19.49±0.53a 49.03±0.15a 1.00±0.17b 47.63±0.36a 0.46±0.01a 74.76±2.84a
SHW5 8.53±0.35a 15.92±0.49c 32.47±1.89c 2.87±0.31a 39.18±0.22c 0.18±0.01c 56.47±2.12b
BC2-SHW5 7.07±0.25b 18.27±0.84b 39.43±1.85b 1.87±0.12b 41.93±0.10b 0.29±0.05b 64.41±4.56b

Table 4

Comparison of grain quality of common wheat Zhumai 305, SHW and backcross populations"

群体
Population		 年份
Year		 材料
Material		 水分含量
Moisture
content (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 面筋含量
Gulten
content (%)		 淀粉含量
Starch
content (%)		 纤维含量
Fibre
content (%)		 硬度
Hardness		 SDS沉降值
SDS sedimentation
value (mL)		 Zeleny沉降值
Zeleny sedimentation
value (mL)
1 2018-2019 驻麦305 10.65±0.03b 13.76±0.12b 31.70±0.20c 66.67±0.73a 2.96±0.02c 30.67±0.20c 46.73±1.10b 30.47±0.42a
SHW1 10.99±0.08a 15.21±0.10a 37.07±0.25a 61.96±0.23c 3.35±0.02a 50.00±0.37a 69.25±1.26a 20.54±0.51c
BC2-SHW1 10.96±0.05a 13.97±0.12b 32.39±0.32b 64.89±0.15b 3.21±0.02b 37.17±0.86b 66.15±1.46a 29.13±0.26b
2019-2020 驻麦305 10.46±0.02c 13.78±0.11c 31.53±0.31c 68.42±0.13a 2.93±0.01c 30.80±0.40c 53.66±0.90c 32.22±0.33a
SHW1 10.96±0.05a 15.14±0.06a 36.42±0.21a 62.82±0.18c 3.41±0.03a 50.78±0.58a 69.25±1.26a 19.08±0.35c
BC2-SHW1 10.71±0.14b 14.28±0.11b 33.32±0.30b 64.78±0.22b 3.26±0.01b 44.73±0.49b 58.86±2.03b 27.89±1.11b
2 2018-2019 驻麦305 10.65±0.03b 13.76±0.12b 31.70±0.20c 66.67±0.73a 2.96±0.02c 30.67±0.20c 46.73±1.10c 30.47±0.42a
SHW2 11.56±0.10a 15.77±0.12a 38.13±0.17a 62.66±0.19b 3.44±0.02a 53.98±0.04a 75.32±0.57a 17.79±0.29c
BC2-SHW2 10.75±0.09b 13.62±0.15b 32.64±0.10b 63.47±0.19b 3.13±0.02b 40.27±0.22b 69.92±1.98b 23.65±0.46b
2019-2020 驻麦305 10.46±0.02c 13.78±0.11c 31.53±0.31c 68.42±0.13a 2.93±0.01c 30.80±0.40c 53.66±0.90c 32.22±0.33a
SHW2 11.22±0.04a 15.37±0.05a 37.35±0.13a 62.97±0.11c 3.37±0.02a 56.27±0.27a 76.05±1.72a 19.82±0.36c
BC2-SHW2 10.70±0.11b 14.55±0.12b 34.43±0.10b 63.94±0.14b 3.21±0.02b 38.06±0.27b 67.18±0.47b 24.49±0.21b
3 2018-2019 驻麦305 10.65±0.03c 13.76±0.12c 31.70±0.20b 66.67±0.73a 2.96±0.02c 30.67±0.20c 46.73±1.10c 30.47±0.42a
SHW3 11.26±0.05a 16.12±0.03a 39.10±0.03a 61.61±0.19c 3.32±0.02a 51.95±0.29a 80.26±2.25a 21.99±0.60c
BC2-SHW3 10.81±0.04b 14.11±0.08b 39.07±0.44a 63.27±0.32b 3.25±0.02b 41.39±0.37b 72.70±0.88b 29.87±0.30b
2019-2020 驻麦305 10.46±0.02b 13.78±0.11c 31.53±0.31c 68.42±0.13a 2.93±0.01c 30.80±0.40c 53.66±0.90c 32.22±0.33a
SHW3 11.18±0.02a 16.06±0.06a 39.70±0.13a 60.14±0.18c 3.39±0.02a 52.79±0.21a 86.98±1.78a 21.92±0.10c
BC2-SHW3 10.55±0.09b 15.80±0.14b 38.06±0.04b 62.25±0.08b 3.22±0.01b 41.90±0.57b 75.22±1.05b 28.77±0.45b
4 2018-2019 驻麦305 10.65±0.03b 13.76±0.12c 31.70±0.20c 66.67±0.73a 2.96±0.02c 30.67±0.20c 46.73±1.10c 30.47±0.42a
SHW4 10.89±0.07a 17.70±0.11a 44.61±0.23a 59.31±0.22c 3.45±0.02a 54.44±0.63a 87.10±0.91a 22.38±0.23c
BC2-SHW4 10.72±0.04b 16.12±0.10b 39.46±0.05b 61.51±0.19b 3.39±0.02b 44.42±0.46b 69.81±1.77b 26.38±0.15b
2019-2020 驻麦305 10.46±0.02c 13.78±0.11c 31.53±0.31c 68.42±0.13a 2.93±0.01c 30.80±0.40c 53.66±0.90c 32.22±0.33a
SHW4 10.95±0.08a 16.70±0.09a 44.21±0.22a 60.35±0.19c 3.45±0.02a 57.85±0.81a 89.75±1.30a 24.16±0.12c
BC2-SHW4 10.75±0.09b 14.55±0.08b 39.30±0.30b 61.40±0.29b 3.23±0.02b 44.11±0.22b 66.46±1.35b 27.66±0.60b
5 2018-2019 驻麦305 10.65±0.03c 13.76±0.12c 31.70±0.20c 66.67±0.73a 2.96±0.02c 30.67±0.20c 46.73±1.10c 30.47±0.42a
SHW5 11.22±0.04a 15.35±0.07a 37.35±0.13a 62.97±0.11b 3.39±0.01a 56.27±0.27a 75.85±1.84a 19.28±0.48c
BC2-SHW5 10.81±0.05b 14.55±0.10b 34.09±0.20b 63.28±0.23b 3.28±0.01b 43.93±0.20b 66.89±0.80b 26.52±0.35b
2019-2020 驻麦305 10.46±0.02b 13.78±0.11c 31.53±0.31c 68.42±0.13a 2.93±0.01c 30.80±0.40c 53.66±0.90c 32.22±0.33a
SHW5 11.23±0.17a 15.74±0.08a 37.89±0.23a 62.54±0.14c 3.45±0.03a 55.09±0.38a 78.75±1.05a 19.86±0.54c
BC2-SHW5 11.01±0.18a 14.61±0.14b 35.00±0.18b 63.83±0.18b 3.28±0.01b 48.36±0.37b 70.66±2.29b 28.93±0.09b

Table 5

Correlation analysis among agronomic traits of SHW and backcross populations"

性状
Trait		 穗下节长
Length of the
first internode
under spike		 穗下茎长
Distance from
spike to flag
leaf ligule		 穗长
Spike
length		 旗叶长
Flag
leaf
length		 小穗数
Spikelet
number		 穗粒数
Grains
per
spike		 单株分蘖数
Tillers
per plant		 单株不育
小穗数
Sterile spikelets
per plant		 生物量
Biomass		 收获系数
Harvest
index		 千粒重
1000-seed
weight		 产量
Yield
株高Plant height 0.94** 0.97** 0.95** 0.85** -0.76** -0.78** 0.76** 0.62** 0.59** -0.81** -0.54** -0.67**
穗下节长
Length of the first
internode under spike		 0.96** 0.95** 0.88** -0.69** -0.81** 0.85** 0.48** 0.54** -0.80** -0.40** -0.72**
穗下茎长
Distance from spike
to flag leaf ligule		 0.96** 0.88** -0.74** -0.77** 0.84** 0.58** 0.62** -0.83** -0.42** -0.65**
穗长Spike length 0.87** -0.73** -0.79** 0.78** 0.52** 0.55** -0.78** -0.50** -0.67**
旗叶长Flag leaf length -0.55** -0.75** 0.79** 0.36** 0.54** -0.74** -0.29* -0.59**
小穗数Spikelet number 0.52** -0.51** -0.56** -0.48** 0.69** 0.45** 0.52**
穗粒数Grains per spike -0.60** -0.40** -0.32* 0.59** 0.32* 0.64**
单株分蘖数
Tillers per plant		 0.33** 0.59** -0.73** -0.08 -0.55**
单株不育小穗数
Sterile spikelets per plant		 0.40** -0.49** -0.50** -0.35**
生物量Biomass -0.85** -0.11 -0.08
收获系数Harvest index 0.34** 0.57**
千粒重1000-seed weight 0.47**
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