Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 51-57.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.007

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Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Flag Leaf in Maize-Teosinte Introgression Line Population

Gao Mutian1(), Qiu Guanjie1, Zhu Tongtong1, Li Ruilian1,2,3, Deng Min1,2,3, Luo Hongbing1,2,3, Huang Cheng1,2,3()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    3Maize Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2022-03-29 Revised:2022-04-06 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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Abstract:

Maize flag leaves are extended from the tips of ear husks, which are not only affected by environmental factors such as climate and soil, but also controlled by genetic factors. Using a large population of 866 maize-teosinte introgression lines that had been genotyped with 19 838 SNP markers, we performed a QTL mapping for maize flag leaf by applying the multiple QTL model in R/qtl. The results showed that a total of nine QTLs for maize flag leaf were located on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. All nine loci attributed to 30.94% of the phenotypic variation, with the phenotypic contribution rate and additive effect of each QTL ranged from 1.76% to 11.51% and from -0.03 to 0.12, respectively, indicating that the maize flag leaf was a quantitative trait controlled by a number of loci. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that maize flag leaf was significantly positively correlated with plant height, ear height, stem length, and chlorophyll content, and it was significantly negatively correlated with 100-seed weight, seed width, and seed thickness. Further analysis of candidate genes for the largest effect QTL (qFL3-1) using the transcriptome data, five possible candidate genes were screened out.

Key words: Maize, Teosinte, Introgression line population, Flag leaf, Genetic basis

Fig.1

Phenotypic analysis of the flag leaf in the introgression line population (a) flag leaf in representative lines; bar: 10cm. (b) distribution of the proportion of flag leaf"

Fig.2

Correlation analysis between flag leaf and other traits IL: internode length; CC: chlorophyll content; EH: ear height; PH: plant height; SL: seed length; SD: stem diameter; SGR: seed germination rate; ST: seed thick; SW: seed width; HSW: 100-seed weight; red represents positive correlation; blue represents negative correlation;“*”: significance level at P < 0.05;“**”: significance level at P < 0.01"

Fig.3

QTL mapping for flag leaf in the introgression line population Different QTLs on the same chromosome are indicated by different colors; the horizontal red dotted line represents the LOD threshold of a significant QTL"

Table 1

QTL mapping results for flag leaf"

QTLs 染色体
Chromosome		 标记区间
Marker interval		 位置
Position (cM)		 LOD值
LOD value		 加性效应
Additive effect		 显性效应
Dominant effect		 贡献率
Contribution rate (%)
qFL1-1 1 m00191~m01743 49.98 7.23 0.04 0.04 2.86
qFL1-2 1 m04426~m05704 89.19 6.95 0.05 0.02 2.75
qFL2-1 2 m08696~m12985 106.05 4.74 0.05 -0.01 1.86
qFL3-1 3 m16430~m16819 73.50 27.49 0.12 0.02 11.51
qFL4-1 4 m21495~m22749 79.50 8.03 0.07 -0.06 3.18
qFL5-1 5 m25472~m25799 28.56 5.81 0.05 0.00 2.29
qFL5-2 5 m29042~m29724 89.22 4.49 0.05 0.00 1.76
qFL7-1 7 m39972~m40321 119.97 5.25 -0.03 -0.03 2.07
qFL8-1 8 m42951~m44940 106.04 4.93 -0.04 0.02 1.94

Fig.4

Candidate gene analysis of qFL3-1 (a) LOD plots at qFL3-1; the horizontal red dotted line represents the LOD threshold of a significant QTL; the blue shaded area represents the confidence interval at qFL3-1. (b) Schematic diagram of genes within the confidence interval. (c) Expression heat map of genes within the confidence interval"

Table 2

Candidate genes of qFL3-1"

基因编号
Gene ID		 染色体
Chromosome		 基因起始位置
Gene starting position (bp)		 基因终止位置
Gene end position (bp)		 功能注释
Functional annotation
Zm00001d042099 3 150 690 594 150 691 502 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶
Zm00001d042104 3 150 759 060 150 760 119 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶
Zm00001d042117 3 151 572 267 151 577 836 吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶
Zm00001d042134 3 152 750 251 152 755 325 氨基酸通透酶
Zm00001d042135 3 152 759 924 152 768 979 氨基酸通透酶
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