陇东旱塬密植高产机械粒收玉米新品种筛选与评价

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to screen maize varieties suitable for compact planting, high yield and mechanical grain harvest in loess plateau of eastern Gansu province, the maize varieties introduced from different ecological areas were directly harvested with combine harvester (Futian Gushen, Lovol) in Gaoping experimental site, Jingchuan, Pingliang, Gansu from 2019 to 2021. The results showed that the average yield of the tested varieties were 14 424.0, 14 295.0 and 14 737.5kg/ha in 2019-2021, respectively. The grain yield was significant differences among varieties, the range were 3826.5, 4992.0 and 3699.0kg/ha in 2019-2021, respectively. The grain moisture contents of the tested varieties varied greatly, and the range were 7.2%, 10.6% and 5.2% in 2019-2021, respectively. With delaying harvest time, the grain moisture content declined linearly. The suitable grain harvest period was 22.7 days after physiological maturity. When the grain moisture content were 25.0%, 20.0% and 13.9%, the grain broken rates were 2.82%, 1.68% and 1.20%, respectively. The three-year averages of grain broken rates of maize varieties MC703 and Xianyu 335 were 3.84% and 2.99%, respectively, the three-year averages of grain impurity rates were 0.49% and 0.35%, respectively. The three-year averages of grain broken rate and impurity rate of Dika 519 were 4.66% and 0.12%, respectively. These were in line with the national grain harvest standards. Therefore, the optimal grain moisture content of mechanical grain harvest in loess plateau of eastern Gansu province spring maize region should be lower than 25.0%. The cost of mechanical grain harvest was 1800 and 3600 yuan/ha lower than that of mechanical ear harvest and manual harvest, respectively. Based on the low grain moisture content (< 25.0%), grain breaking resistance and yield in the harvest period, Dika 519, MC703 and Xianyu 335 are suitable for mechanical grain harvest in loess plateau of eastern Gansu province.

Key words: Maize, Dryland loess plateau of eastern Gansu province, Compact planting and high yield, Mechanical grain harvest, Screening and evaluation

Xu Chuangye, Zhang Jianjun, Zhou Gang, Zhang Kaipeng, Zhu Xiaohui, Wang Jiaxi, Dang Yi, Zhao Gang, Wang Lei, Li Shangzhong, Fan Tinglu. Screening and Evaluation of New Maize Varieties with Compact Planting, High Yield and Suitable for Mechanical Grain Harvest in Loess Plateau in Eastern Gansu Province[J].Crops, 2022, 38(5): 104-110.

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年份 Year	参试品种 Variety	播种日期 Sowing date	收获日期 Harvesting date	收获机械 Harvesting machine
2019	MC703,陕单650,新玉108,联创825,瑞普909,九圣禾2468,先玉335	04-23	10-19	福田雷沃谷神（GE50）
2020	MC703,陕单650,新玉108,联创825,瑞普909,九圣禾2468,迪卡519,KWS9384,科河699,先玉335	05-13	11-19	福田雷沃谷神（GE50）
2021	MC703,陕单650,新玉108,联创825,瑞普909,九圣禾2468,迪卡519,KWS9384,科河699,先玉335	05-07	11-26	福田雷沃谷神（GE50）

品种 Variety	2019年10月19日				2020年11月19日				2021年11月26日
品种 Variety	粒收前含水率 Grain moisture before harvesting	破碎率 Broken rate	杂质率 Impurity rate	总损失率 Total grain loss rate	粒收前含水率 Grain moisture before harvesting	破碎率 Broken rate	杂质率 Impurity rate	总损失率 Total grain loss rate	粒收前含水率 Grain moisture before harvesting	破碎率 Broken rate	杂质率 Impurity rate	总损失率 Total grain loss rate
MC703	24.4	2.90	0.86	0.42	18.3	3.69	0.38	0.44	14.4	4.94	0.23	2.16
陕单650 Shandan 650	25.0	2.66	0.43	0.31	17.8	2.80	0.36	0.68	16.3	2.60	0.49	4.51
新玉108 Xinyu 108	23.7	2.46	0.73	0.10	20.4	3.73	1.26	1.58	16.4	4.05	0.21	6.08
联创825 Lianchuang 825	28.1	1.47	0.33	0.19	18.9	5.33	0.55	0.75	15.3	6.39	0.25	1.13
瑞普909 Ruipu 909	24.7	1.83	0.17	0.40	17.7	8.23	0.91	0.34	16.4	4.83	0.70	3.16
九圣禾2468 Jiushenghe 2468	28.7	1.84	1.00	0.60	24.0	3.20	1.14	0.53	17.8	2.72	0.00	9.65
迪卡519 Dika 519	–	–	–	–	17.9	5.19	0.45	0.93	14.6	4.66	0.12	9.24
KWS 9384	–	–	–	–	13.4	2.06	0.16	1.56	15.4	4.63	0.00	4.84
科河699 Kehe 699	–	–	–	–	19.4	4.29	1.88	0.62	16.4	4.83	0.00	15.25
先玉335 Xianyu 335	21.5	1.52	0.43	0.49	17.6	2.61	0.52	0.45	12.6	4.83	0.10	9.17
平均Average	25.2	2.10	0.56	0.36	18.5	4.11	0.76	0.79	15.6	4.45	0.21	6.52
最大值Maximum	28.7	2.90	1.00	0.60	24.0	8.23	1.88	1.58	17.8	6.39	0.70	15.25
最小值Minimum	21.5	1.47	0.33	0.10	13.4	2.06	0.36	0.34	12.6	2.60	0.00	1.13
极差Range	7.2	1.43	0.67	0.50	10.6	6.17	1.52	1.24	5.2	3.79	0.70	14.12

品种 Variety	2019			2020			2021
品种 Variety	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)
MC703	14 727.0	640.0	32.6	15 780.0	602.7	45.6	15 759.0	671.8	45.2
陕单650 Shandan 650	15 826.5	709.3	34.3	14 223.0	604.0	34.7	14 892.0	696.7	38.2
新玉108 Xinyu 108	12 790.5	606.2	35.4	14 278.5	746.5	43.1	14 548.5	653.2	43.5
联创825 Lianchuang 825	14 695.5	608.2	35.5	13 653.0	504.0	49.5	16 390.5	646.4	46.1
瑞普909 Ruipu 909	12 199.5	666.5	33.3	14 556.0	637.0	47.8	13 558.5	633.9	40.7
九圣禾2468 Jiushenghe 2468	14 706.0	630.9	36.4	16 000.5	642.1	40.6	14 253.0	653.2	43.2
迪卡519 Dika 519	–	–	–	15 529.5	690.1	38.0	15 411.0	722.6	40.8
KWS 9384	–	–	–	12 756.0	571.8	34.9	12 691.5	588.8	36.5
科河699 Kehe 699	–	–	–	11 008.5	457.0	42.0	13 558.5	609.4	43.5
先玉335 Xianyu 335	16 026.0	601.9	37.5	15 168.0	625.1	41.3	16 308.0	658.7	42.8
平均Average	14 424.0	637.6	35.0	14 295.0	608.0	41.8	14 737.5	653.5	42.1

项目 Item	人工收获 Manual harvesting	机械穗收 Mechanical ear harvesting	机械粒收 Mechanical grain harvesting
收获Harvesting	2400	1200	1200
运输Roping	600	600	300
脱粒Seed-husking	450	450	0
人工晾晒Drying labor	450	450	0
秸秆清理/还田 Straw cleaning/returning	1200	600	600
晾晒Drying cost	600	600	0
合计Total	5700	3900	2100

Screening and Evaluation of New Maize Varieties with Compact Planting, High Yield and Suitable for Mechanical Grain Harvest in Loess Plateau in Eastern Gansu Province

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