Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 245-252.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.04.035

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The Effects of Extracts from Different Organs of Fagopyrum cymosum on Seed Germination of Several Weeds and Its Safety to Crops

Ouyang Yinan1,2(), Liu Yang3, Shen Lunhao1,2, Ren Kui1,2, Zhao Hui2, Tang Xinke1(), Zhou Meiliang1,2()   

  1. 1College of Life and Health Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2022-02-14 Revised:2022-04-11 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-15

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Abstract:

Abstract The effects of different solvents and F.cymosum extract on seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated, the feasibilities of several organic solvents as the extraction solvents of allelopathic substances from F.cymosum were analyzed, also the effects and safety of F.cymosum extracts from different organs on weed seed germination were studied. The results showed that methanol extract of stems of F.cymosum at 5% concentration significantly inhibited seed germination of ryegrass and fescue, with allelopathic effect indexes of -0.35 and -0.33, respectively, which could be used as herbicide materials for both. The extracts of F.cymosum had no significant effect on seed germination of buckwheat, tartary buckwheat, oat and wheat. In production practice, F.cymosum extract could be used as biological weeding material for the four crops. F.cymosum extract had great effects on barley seed germination, so it should not be used as biological weeding material in barley production.

Key words: Fagopyrum cymosum extract, Weed, Inhibiting effect, Allelopathy

Table 1

Treatments of F.cymosum extract with different solvents and concentration"

提取物
Extract		 含量Content
2.5% 5.0% 10.0%
水提物Water extract a-① a-② a-③
甲醇Methanol b-① b-② b-③
甲醇提取物Methanol extract c-① c-② c-③
乙醇Ethanol d-① d-② d-③
乙醇提取物Ethanol extract e-① e-② e-③

Fig.1

Germination of A.thaliana seeds treated with different F.cymosum extracts for seven days"

Table 2

Effects of F.cymosum extracts with different solvents and concentrations on seed germination of A.thaliana"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination
percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination
index		 化感效应指数
Response
index
1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d
CK 5.33±1.15bc 20.67±1.15b 51.33±3.05bc 80.67±1.15ab 82.67±4.62ab 84.67±3.05ab 85.33±3.05abc 0.33±0.01b －
a-① 19.33±1.15a 63.33±4.62a 80.00±5.29a 82.67±4.62a 86.67±5.03ab 87.33±6.11ab 87.33±6.11abc 0.78±0.00a 0.58
a-② 5.33±3.05bc 22.67±7.57b 62.67±13.32ab 82.00±8.72a 87.33±7.57ab 88.00±6.93ab 88.67±6.43ab 0.38±0.06b 0.13
a-③ 1.33±2.31cd 8.67±9.87c 32.67±18.47cd 62.00±21.17bc 83.33±11.01ab 86.67±9.45ab 86.67±9.45abc 0.17±0.08c -0.49
b-① 7.33±4.16b 22.00±4.00b 61.33±12.70ab 88.00±2.00a 94.00±4.00a 94.00±4.00a 94.00±4.00a 0.39±0.06b 0.15
b-② 0.00±0.00d 2.00±2.00c 12.00±2.00e 50.67±11.37cd 86.67±3.05ab 88.00±3.46ab 88.00±3.46abc 0.05±0.01cd -0.85
b-③ 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
c-① 0.00±0.00d 2.00±2.00c 18.67±2.31de 42.00±3.46d 74.67±6.43b 77.33±5.03b 79.33±6.43bc 0.07±0.01cd -0.78
c-② 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 4.67±1.15e 31.33±5.77c 62.00±3.46c 76.00±5.29c 0.00±0.00d -1.00
c-③ 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
d-① 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
d-② 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
d-③ 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
e-① 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
e-② 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00
e-③ 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00c 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00e 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d 0.00±0.00d -1.00

Table 3

Effects of methanol extract from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of L.perenne"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate(%) 发芽率
Germination
percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination
index		 化感效应指数
Response
index
1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d
CK 62.22±18.36a 78.89±12.62a 91.11±1.92a 91.11±1.92a 92.22±3.85a 92.22±3.85a 92.22±3.85a 1.32±0.25a －
MT 40.00±5.77ab 75.56±7.70a 83.33±0.00a 86.67±3.33a 87.78±3.85a 87.78±3.85a 87.78±3.85a 1.06±0.10ab -0.20
RM 37.78±6.94ab 73.33±12.02a 92.22±7.70a 92.22±7.70a 94.44±3.85a 94.44±3.85a 94.44±3.85a 1.05±0.11ab -0.20
SM 25.56±6.94b 61.11±7.70a 91.11±3.85a 91.11±3.85a 92.22±5.09a 92.22±5.09a 92.22±5.09a 0.86±0.11b -0.35
LM 33.33±6.67b 74.44±1.92a 86.67±3.33a 87.78±1.92a 90.00±8.82a 90.00±8.82a 90.00±8.82a 0.99±0.08ab -0.25

Table 4

Effects of methanol extracts from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of F.ovina"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination
percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination
index		 化感效应指数
Response
index
1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d
CK 0.00±0.00a 7.78±1.92a 25.56±6.94a 45.56±8.39a 68.89±8.39a 74.44±8.39a 75.56±10.18a 0.12±0.03a －
MT 0.00±0.00a 4.44±1.92a 21.11±7.70a 40.00±6.67a 53.33±5.77ab 64.44±1.92a 66.67±3.33a 0.09±0.03a -0.25
RM 0.00±0.00a 2.22±1.92a 17.78±1.92a 30.00±8.82a 45.56±13.88ab 60.00±6.67a 61.11±5.09a 0.07±0.01a -0.43
SM 0.00±0.00a 3.33±3.33a 20.00±11.55a 32.22±9.62a 40.00±11.55b 55.56±11.71a 56.67±10.00a 0.08±0.05a -0.33
LM 0.00±0.00a 3.33±3.33a 17.78±10.71a 34.44±1.92a 58.89±10.18ab 67.78±8.39a 68.89±6.94a 0.08±0.05a -0.39

Fig.2

Germination of seeds of three herbaceous plants treated with different buckwheat extracts for seven days CK: water; MT: 5% methanol; RM: methanol extract of roots; SM: methanol extract of stems; LM: methanol extract of leaves. Lp: L.perenne, Fo: F.ovina, Cb: C.bipinnata, the same below"

Table 5

Effects of methanol extracts from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of C.bipinnata"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination
percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination
index		 化感效应指数
Response
index
1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d
CK 28.89±5.09a 63.33±3.33a 77.78±7.70ab 77.78±7.70a 81.11±6.94a 81.11±6.94a 81.11±6.94a 0.86±0.03a －
MT 32.22±11.71a 66.67±5.77a 82.22±3.85a 83.33±3.33a 83.33±3.33a 83.33±3.33a 83.33±3.33a 0.93±0.13a 0.07
RM 43.33±10.00a 68.89±10.71a 76.67±6.67ab 78.89±5.09a 78.89±5.09a 78.89±5.09a 78.89±5.09a 1.03±0.17a 0.10
SM 46.67±14.53a 63.33±5.77a 80.00±5.77a 80.00±5.77a 83.33±3.33a 83.33±3.33a 83.33±3.33a 1.05±0.13a 0.11
LM 43.33±6.67a 54.44±1.92a 63.33±3.33b 74.44±3.85a 74.44±3.85a 74.44±3.85a 74.44±3.85a 0.92±0.08a -0.01

Fig.3

Seed germination of five crops after seven days of treatment with methanol extracts from different F.cymosum organs Fe: F.esculentum; Ft: F.tataricum; As: A.sativa; Ta: T.aestivum; Hv: H.vulgare"

Table 6

Effects of methanol extracts from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of F.esculentum"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 化感效应指数
Response index
1d 2d 3d
CK 8.33±7.64a 51.67±15.27a 61.67±10.41a 75.00±18.03a 0.55±0.10ab －
MT 1.67±2.89a 43.33±16.07a 45.00±8.66a 66.67±5.77a 0.38±0.12ab -0.30
RM 6.67±2.89a 45.00±5.00a 55.00±5.00a 63.33±7.64a 0.48±0.01ab -0.13
SM 0.00±0.00a 36.67±7.64a 43.33±14.43a 56.67±10.41a 0.33±0.08b -0.40
LM 18.33±15.27a 55.00±5.00a 63.33±7.64a 80.00±8.70a 0.67±0.16a 0.18

Table 7

Effects of methanol extract from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of F.tataricum"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 化感效应指数
Response index
1d 2d 3d
CK 0.00±0.00b 91.67±2.89a 98.33±2.89a 98.33±2.89a 0.79±0.02b －
MT 0.00±0.00b 90.00±5.00a 96.67±2.89a 96.67±2.89a 0.77±0.03b -0.02
RM 1.67±2.89b 95.00±5.00a 93.33±2.89a 93.33±2.89a 0.80±0.05b 0.02
SM 0.00±0.00b 93.33±2.89a 96.67±2.89a 96.67±2.89a 0.79±0.02b 0.00
LM 31.67±7.64a 95.00±5.00a 95.00±5.00a 95.00±5.00a 1.11±0.11a 0.37

Table 8

Effects of methanol extract from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of A.sativa"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 化感效应指数
Response index
1d 2d 3d
CK 0.00±0.00a 83.33±2.89a 90.00±5.00a 98.33±2.89a 0.72±0.03a －
MT 0.00±0.00a 68.33±16.07a 86.67±7.64a 96.67±2.89a 0.63±0.99a -0.12
RM 0.00±0.00a 86.67±2.89a 93.33±2.89a 98.33±2.89a 0.74±0.21a 0.04
SM 6.67±11.55a 81.67±10.41a 85.00±13.23a 98.33±2.89a 0.76±0.17a 0.05
LM 0.00±0.00a 70.00±0.00a 86.67±2.89a 100.00±0.00a 0.64±0.01a -0.11

Table 9

Effects of methanol extract from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of T.aestivum"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 化感效应指数
Response index
1d 2d 3d
CK 51.67±2.89a 85.00±5.00a 93.33±5.77a 100.00±0.00a 1.25±0.07a －
MT 30.00±17.56a 81.67±5.77a 93.33±2.89a 96.67±5.77a 0.94±0.18a -0.25
RM 43.33±11.55a 86.67±2.89a 95.00±5.00a 100.00±0.00a 1.18±0.12a -0.06
SM 31.67±7.64a 75.00±5.00a 86.67±2.89a 98.33±2.89a 0.98±0.07a -0.22
LM 31.67±15.27a 78.33±16.07a 95.00±5.00a 98.33±2.89a 1.03±0.24a -0.18

Table 10

Effects of methanol extract from different organs of F.cymosum on seed germination of H.vulgare"

处理
Treatment		 萌发率Germination rate (%) 发芽率
Germination percentage (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 化感效应指数
Response index
1d 2d 3d
CK 11.67±16.07a 48.33±10.41a 58.33±16.07a 68.33±2.89ab 0.55±0.23a －
MT 6.67±2.89a 41.67±2.89a 60.00±17.32a 75.00±17.32a 0.48±0.08ab -0.14
RM 0.00±0.00a 40.00±3.00a 50.00±15.00a 56.67±16.07abc 0.37±0.08ab -0.34
SM 5.00±5.00a 13.33±5.77b 30.00±13.23a 35.00±17.32bc 0.22±0.06b -0.61
LM 1.67±2.89a 11.67±2.89b 26.67±5.77a 31.67±7.64c 0.16±0.01b -0.70
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