Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 111-116.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.015

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Effects of High Ridge Mulching Drip Irrigation on the Growth and Water Use of Sunflower in Moderate Saline-Alkali Land in Hetao Irrigation Region

Du Chao1(), Li Jun1(), Wang Gang1, Wu Xuerui1, Ren Zhiyuan1, Zhang Junfeng1, Bao Haizhu2(), Wen Aiqing1   

  1. 1Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science of Bayannur City, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2022-06-13 Revised:2022-12-27 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Li Jun,Bao Haizhu E-mail:nkydc2015@163.com;lijun.6606@163.com;bhz2009@126.com

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Abstract:

In Hetao irrigation region, the effects of high-ridge mulching drip irrigation on the growth, water use efficiency and yield of sunflower were studied in order to reduce the yield of sunflower due to the strong soil salt return, the growth potential difference of sunflower in a large number of moderately saline-alkali soil and physiological drought stress in the later period of growth. The results showed that, the leaf area index of sunflower was increased by high ridge mulching drip irrigation, which increased by 31.56% and 75.28% at flowering stage compared with plain mulching drip irrigation (CK1) and plain mulching without drip irrigation (CK2), respectively. The above ground dry matter accumulation was promoted by high ridge mulching drip irrigation, and the increase was the largest at filling stage, 35.03% and 100.62% higher than CK1 and CK2, respectively. Compared with CK1 and CK2, the root fresh weight increased by 71.86% and 199.23% at flowering stage, respectively. Compared with CK1 and CK2, the soil moisture content of 0-30 cm at flowering stage and filling stage increased by 7.51% and 21.77% at filling stage, respectively. The water use efficiency was increased by 21.20% and 42.34% compared with CK1 and CK2, respectively. Compared with CK1 and CK2, the yield was increased by 15.70% and 28.31%, showing significant effect. In conclusion, the high ridge mulching drip irrigation model has obvious soil moisture conservation effect in the later growth period of sunflower, can promote dry matter accumulation and increase yield, which is a suitable planting model for sunflower planting in saline-alkali soil.

Key words: Sunflower, Saline-alkali land, High ridge, Mulching drip irrigation

Fig.1

High ridge mulching drip irrigation planting diagram a: location of drip irrigation belt, b: width of the up ridge, c: ridge height, d: width of the bottom, e: center spacing between two ridges."

Fig.2

Conventional horizontal drip irrigation planting diagram a: small space, b: big space, c: location of drip irrigation belt."

Fig.3

Conventional planting diagram a: small space, b: big space."

Fig.4

Effects of planting patterns on LAI of sunflower"

Fig.5

Effects of planting patterns on dry matter accumulation in per plant of sunflower"

Table 1

Effects of planting patterns on root growth during the whole growth period of sunflower"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 苗期Seedling stage 现蕾期Budding stage
根直径
Root
diameter (cm)		 根深
Root depth
(cm)		 单株根鲜重
Fresh root weight
per plant (g)		 根直径
Root
diameter (cm)		 根深
Root depth
(cm)		 单株根鲜重
Fresh root weight
per plant (g)
2018 H1 12.50±0.26a 11.60±0.31a 9.86±0.46a 42.00±0.97a 23.45±0.73a 214.87±8.13a
CK1 11.50±0.45a 10.00±0.29a 7.98±0.49b 36.50±0.44b 17.65±0.59b 154.97±5.22b
CK2 11.00±0.90a 9.80±0.44a 7.27±0.54b 30.50±0.81c 15.90±0.50b 90.90±2.50c
2019 H1 10.00±0.43a 12.05±0.36a 12.86±0.50a 40.00±0.81a 22.50±0.85a 210.50±3.01a
CK1 9.50±0.26a 11.00±0.40a 10.77±0.46b 34.69±0.40b 18.00±0.33b 170.30±2.64b
CK2 9.00±0.30a 10.80±0.56a 8.43±0.43c 29.50±0.26c 17.50±0.10b 70.00±1.63c
2020 H1 12.00±0.54a 10.00±0.56a 7.90±0.34a 44.50±0.75a 24.00±0.78a 277.50±6.27a
CK1 11.70±0.34a 9.20±0.36ab 6.86±0.22ab 37.50±0.77b 21.00±0.77b 140.20±1.50b
CK2 9.80±0.43b 8.00±0.54b 6.11±0.49b 32.50±0.47c 18.00±0.51c 65.00±2.96c
2018-2020 较CK1增加 (%) 5.50 8.11 19.98 14.82 23.48 51.00
较CK2增加 (%) 15.77 14.16 40.39 32.43 36.09 211.14
2018 H1 50.00±0.64a 27.78±0.68a 427.60±8.19a 54.33±0.30a 30.67±0.29a 913.10±56.08a
CK1 43.67±0.52b 23.55±0.56b 270.17±7.56b 48.67±1.40b 25.75±0.47b 562.60±10.21b
CK2 38.83±0.87c 17.58±0.54c 163.63±3.43c 44.33±1.08c 20.33±0.31c 402.20±15.44c
2019 H1 47.00±0.48a 28.75±0.86a 370.50±2.71a 51.00±0.23a 31.50±0.28a 728.30±15.09a
CK1 44.00±0.46b 23.00±0.84b 240.80±9.66b 47.80±0.83b 24.00±0.80b 532.10±4.39b
CK2 35.50±0.63c 18.00±0.63c 120.60±2.49c 38.00±0.10c 18.50±0.30c 380.20±7.62c
2020 H1 45.90±0.48a 30.00±0.92a 562.30±12.20a 48.60±0.49a 35.00±0.59a 1160.00±50.00a
CK1 42.00±0.77b 26.58±1.11b 280.60±7.10b 45.50±1.21b 28.00±0.35b 818.50±8.77b
CK2 38.00±0.16c 19.00±0.51c 170.40±4.20c 39.00±0.71c 20.00±0.13c 638.40±10.98c
2018-2020 较CK1增加 (%) 10.20 18.32 71.86 8.42 24.98 46.42
较CK2增加 (%) 27.21 58.54 199.23 26.87 65.17 97.17

Table 2

Effects of planting patterns on soil water content in root layer of sunflower %"

年份Year 处理Treatment 苗期Seedling stage 现蕾期Budding stage 开花期Flowering stage 灌浆期Filling stage
2018 H1 23.55±0.05a 21.45±0.03a 20.06±0.06a 18.65±0.08a
CK1 22.49±0.08b 20.86±0.02b 18.45±0.03b 17.42±0.06b
CK2 22.38±0.04b 19.40±0.03c 17.43±0.02c 15.35±0.13c
2019 H1 22.10±0.18a 21.19±0.40a 21.58±0.04a 19.20±0.06a
CK1 20.78±0.05b 20.35±0.03b 20.38±0.03b 18.33±0.06b
CK2 20.41±0.05b 19.51±0.03c 18.23±0.07c 16.83±0.13c
2020 H1 22.34±0.32a 23.06±0.07a 19.23±0.06a 18.98±0.08a
CK1 21.67±0.07b 22.14±0.05b 18.07±0.11b 17.10±0.04b
CK2 21.50±0.08b 19.70±0.07c 16.13±0.04c 14.49±0.29c
2018-2020 较CK1增加 4.70 3.71 6.98 7.51
较CK2增加 5.76 12.10 17.53 21.77

Table 3

Effects of planting patterns on yield and water use efficiency of sunflower"

年份
Year		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 耗水量
Water consumption (mm)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency [kg/(hm2·mm)]
H1 CK1 CK2 较CK1增
加 (%)		 较CK2增
加 (%)		 H1 CK1 CK2 较CK1增
加 (%)		 较CK2增
加 (%)		 H1 CK1 CK2 较CK1增
加 (%)		 较CK2增
加 (%)
2018 2922.60a 2517.30b 2082.75c 16.10 40.32 175.89a 168.27b 86.32c 4.53 103.77 21.66a 17.66b 13.93c 22.65 55.49
2019 3051.90a 2658.75b 2521.35b 14.79 21.04 195.30a 187.95b 108.34c 3.91 80.27 19.40a 16.15b 14.90c 20.12 30.20
2020 3537.75a 3045.45b 2809.20b 16.17 25.93 204.21a 197.82b 108.29c 3.23 88.58 21.71a 17.98b 15.27c 20.75 42.17
2018-2020 3170.75 2740.50 2471.10 15.70 28.31 191.80 184.68 100.98 3.86 89.93 20.92 17.26 14.70 21.20 42.34
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