向日葵干物质转运及产量对播种期和栽培密度的响应

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.028

Abstract

Abstract:

Dry matter transfer and yield changes of 'T562' sunflower under five sowing dates (25th April, 2nd May, 9th May, 16th May, and 23th May) with four planting densities (3.75×10⁴, 4.50×10⁴, 5.25×10⁴, and 6.00×10⁴ plant/ha) were studied. The results revealed that the sowing dates showed a high impact during the seedling to flowering stage and a low impact during the flowering to mature stage of sunflower. Under different conditions of planting densities, the treatment order of the average dry matter accumulation of plants at mature stage was 4.50×10⁴ > 3.75×10⁴ > 6.00×10⁴ > 5.25×10⁴ plant/ha. The grain weight per disc was decreased gradually and the yield was increased gradually with the increase of planting density. The grain rate reached the maximum (74.09%) at the sowing date of 16th May when the density was 5.25×10⁴ plant/ha; the 100-seed weight and yield reached the maximum at the sowing date of 2nd May while the planting density was 6.00×10⁴ plant/ha, and the values were 8.76g and 6859.00kg/ha, respectively; the grain weight per disc reached the maximum (138.14g) at the sowing date of 23th May when the density was 3.75×10⁴ plant/ha.

Key words: Sunflower, Sowing date, Planting density, Yield

Zhao Xuanwei, Zhao Yajie, Tian Zhendong, Hu Shuping, Zhao Rong, Ren Yaning, Bao Haizhu, Gao Julin. Response of Dry Matter Transportion and Yield to Sowing Date and Planting Density on Sunflower[J].Crops, 2021, 37(3): 185-189.

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References 18

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生育期（月/日）Growth stage (Month/Day)					播种–出苗 Sowing- seedling (d)	出苗–现蕾 Seedling- squaring (d)	现蕾–开花 Squaring- flowering (d)	开花–成熟 Flowering- mature (d)	生育期 Growth period (d)
播期 Sowing	出苗期 Seedling	现蕾期 Squaring	开花期 Flowering	成熟期 Mature	播种–出苗 Sowing- seedling (d)	出苗–现蕾 Seedling- squaring (d)	现蕾–开花 Squaring- flowering (d)	开花–成熟 Flowering- mature (d)	生育期 Growth period (d)
4/25	5/07	6/13	7/10	9/02	12	37	27	54	118
5/02	5/14	6/16	7/15	9/07	12	33	29	54	116
5/09	5/19	6/20	7/20	9/11	10	32	30	53	115
5/16	5/27	6/24	7/25	9/15	11	28	31	52	111
5/23	5/31	6/29	7/30	9/20	8	29	31	52	112

变异来源 Variation source	转运量 Translocation	转运率 Transport rate	贡献率 Contribution rate
播期Sowing date	1.315	1.372	0.467
密度Density	0.509	4.207^**	0.671
播期×密度 Sowing date×Density	0.676	1.649	1.725

播期处理 Sowing date	密度（株/hm²） Planting density (plant/ha)	转运量 Translocation (g)	转运率 Transport rate (%)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
D1	3.75×10⁴	40.65a	21.20a	27.23a
	4.50×10⁴	32.99a	26.09a	19.72a
	5.25×10⁴	47.33a	25.98a	30.54a
	6.00×10⁴	43.85a	26.00a	28.21a
D2	3.75×10⁴	35.66a	13.11a	25.97a
	4.50×10⁴	42.18a	24.46a	28.51a
	5.25×10⁴	37.26a	25.04a	25.85a
	6.00×10⁴	34.14a	25.09a	22.31a
D3	3.75×10⁴	37.07a	28.71a	28.23ab
	4.50×10⁴	43.18a	28.46a	29.58a
	5.25×10⁴	53.65a	29.49a	36.19a
	6.00×10⁴	26.86a	28.84a	16.54b
D4	3.75×10⁴	39.15a	22.47a	24.97a
	4.50×10⁴	40.38a	18.28a	24.66a
	5.25×10⁴	38.55a	21.97a	24.22a
	6.00×10⁴	54.61a	22.67a	35.07a
D5	3.75×10⁴	47.65a	23.94a	31.69a
	4.50×10⁴	46.94a	21.85a	38.50a
	5.25×10⁴	30.89a	11.70b	26.86a
	6.00×10⁴	36.64a	25.94a	25.41a

变异来源 Variation source	秕粒率 Unfulfilled grain percentage	皮壳率 Husk content	籽仁率 Grain rate	百粒重 100-seed weight	单盘粒重 Grain weight per disc	产量 Grain yield
播期Sowing date	1.249	3.430^*	3.430^*	9.056^**	1.754	1.873
密度Density	0.298	1.498	1.498	0.514	16.042^**	16.113^**
播期×密度Sowing date×Density	1.801	0.805	0.805	0.552	1.289	1.318

播期处理 Sowing date	密度（株/hm²） Planting density (plant/ha)	秕粒率 Unfulfilled grain percentage (%)	皮壳率 Husk content (%)	籽仁率 Grain rate (%)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	单盘粒重 Grain weight per disc (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
D1	3.75×10⁴	3.52a	27.40a	72.60a	8.14a	132.19a	4957.00a
	4.50×10⁴	3.17a	26.32a	73.68a	8.28a	128.63ab	5788.35a
	5.25×10⁴	7.11a	26.45a	73.55a	8.57a	108.81ab	5712.53a
	6.00×10⁴	3.84a	26.20a	73.80a	7.91a	102.95b	6176.80a
D2	3.75×10⁴	3.79a	27.45a	72.55b	8.70a	119.66b	5134.13d
	4.50×10⁴	6.26ab	27.81a	72.19b	8.51a	126.40ab	5845.35c
	5.25×10⁴	6.19ab	26.11b	73.89a	7.96a	118.18b	6281.98b
	6.00×10⁴	14.74b	27.17a	72.83b	8.76a	136.55a	6859.00a
D3	3.75×10⁴	7.04a	27.10a	72.90a	8.51b	126.42a	4740.75b
	4.50×10⁴	7.79a	27.27a	72.73a	8.36b	122.46ab	5510.55a
	5.25×10⁴	5.81a	27.01a	72.99a	8.01b	106.66bc	5599.65a
	6.00×10⁴	6.19a	28.66a	71.34a	7.27a	97.65c	5859.20a
D4	3.75×10⁴	8.24a	29.65a	70.35a	6.76a	115.67ab	4337.63c
	4.50×10⁴	6.59a	27.85a	72.15a	6.92a	118.65ab	5339.25bc
	5.25×10⁴	5.56a	25.91a	74.09a	7.01a	130.09a	6829.73a
	6.00×10⁴	5.84a	26.71a	73.29a	6.76a	98.63b	5917.60ab
D5	3.75×10⁴	11.24a	30.54a	69.46a	7.39a	138.14a	5180.25a
	4.50×10⁴	4.99a	28.92a	71.08a	6.73a	125.09ab	5629.05a
	5.25×10⁴	7.64a	29.88a	70.12a	6.40a	107.82b	5660.73a
	6.00×10⁴	4.56a	27.73a	72.27a	6.02a	100.17b	6010.00a

Response of Dry Matter Transportion and Yield to Sowing Date and Planting Density on Sunflower

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