Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 155-160.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.022

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Effects of Density and Row Spacing on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Sunflower

Ling Yibo1(), Feng Yunge2, Wang Binjie3, Zhang Kai4, Chen Nianlai5()   

  1. 1Rural Energy Workstation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumchi 830049, Xinjiang, China
    2Academic Affairs Office of Hebei University of Geosciences, Shijiangzhuang 050031, Hebei, China
    3Gansu Forestry Research Institute, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
    4College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844006, Xinjiang, China
    5College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-03-29 Revised:2021-07-02 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Chen Nianlai E-mail:371640662@qq.com;chennl@gsau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The experiment was designed using three densities and the variety LD5009 found in the middle reaches of Shiyanghe oasis. The effects of sunflower density and row spacing on canopy structure and photosynthetic properties at full flowering stage and yield were investigated at 39 990 plants/ha (D1), 49 990 plants/ha (D2), 66 660 plants/ha (D3) and three row spacings of 70cm (R1), 60cm (R2), 50cm (R3). The results showed that as planting density grew, the stem diameter of 66 660 plants/ha at 60cm row spacing reduced to 2.50m, and plant height and leaf orientation value of the lower canopy increased to 187.00cm and 50.5 respectively. The leaf area index (LAI) in the middle of the canopy was significantly increased with the increased of the density, while the light environment in the middle and bottom of canopy was optimized on the middle density, and the LAI in the bottom of canopy could be maintained at a high level. LAI could reach 5.20 under D2R2, among which the bottom canopy was 1.97. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of D3R2 were reduced to 1.09mg/g, -1.87μmol/(m2·s) and 1.33mmol/(m2·s), and it decreased with the increase of density. Yield, seeds number per disk and 1000-seed weight was negative correlated with plant height, the leaf orientation value and LAI in the bottom of canopy, while positively correlated with stem diameter, Pn, Tr, light transmittance in middle and lower canpony and chlorophyll content in the bottom of canopy. The configurations of 49 990 plants/ha and row spacing of 60cm was suitable for canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristic, and could obtain high yield.

Key words: Sunflower, Density, Row spacing, Canopy structure, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

Table 1

Effects of density and row spacing on plant height, stem diameter and LOV of sunflower at flowering stage"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(cm)		 LOV
上
Above		 中
Middle		 下
Bottom
D1R1 174c 3.16a 46.40a 43.90de 39.00ef
D1R2 169c 3.18a 44.50a 38.60f 36.80f
D1R3 171c 3.17a 41.60a 41.60ef 39.40ef
D2R1 177bc 2.87abc 48.20a 48.10c 45.00bc
D2R2 174c 2.99ab 46.40a 47.10cd 41.50de
D2R3 179abc 2.77abc 44.00a 51.20ab 46.80bc
D3R1 186ab 2.51c 45.70a 51.30ab 48.10ab
D3R2 187a 2.50c 48.00a 53.70a 50.50a
D3R3 183ab 2.62bc 44.70a 46.50cd 44.10cd

Table 2

Effects of density and row spacing on transmission coefficients and LAI of sunflower at flowering stage"

处理
Treatment		 透光率Transmission coefficient (%) LAI
上Above 中Middle 下Bottom 上Above 中Middle 下Bottom 合计Total
D1R1 84.14a 26.61a 8.36a 0.83a 2.03d 1.44d 4.28e
D1R2 85.23a 24.68ab 9.12a 0.84a 2.28bcd 1.63c 4.75cd
D1R3 84.91a 26.48a 9.66a 0.81a 2.16cd 1.42d 4.39de
D2R1 84.47a 21.20b 6.38b 0.83a 2.33bc 1.95a 5.11ab
D2R2 83.70a 20.72b 6.89b 0.89a 2.34bc 1.97a 5.20ab
D2R3 83.39a 22.80ab 5.84b 0.86a 2.30bcd 1.92ab 5.08bc
D3R1 82.97a 11.26d 3.77c 0.88a 2.56ab 1.87ab 5.31ab
D3R2 80.48a 11.67cd 3.93c 0.87a 2.53ab 1.76bc 5.16ab
D3R3 81.87a 15.62c 4.03c 0.91a 2.66a 1.90ab 5.47a

Table 3

Effects of density and row spacing on chloroghyll content and photosynthetic function of sunflower at flowering stage"

处理
Treatment		 叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g) Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] Tr [mmol/(m2·s)]
上Above 中Middle 下Bottom 上Above 中Middle 下Bottom 上Above 中Middle 下Bottom
D1R1 2.38a 2.67a 2.18ab 15.89ab 7.62a 3.43a 7.93a 4.44a 3.14a
D1R2 2.46a 2.83a 2.42a 16.89a 8.07a 4.12a 8.13a 5.00a 3.25a
D1R3 2.45a 2.66a 2.24a 16.75a 7.99a 3.32a 7.62ab 4.91a 2.87ab
D2R1 2.37a 2.61a 1.74c 14.98abc 4.81bc 0.83b 6.33c 2.59bc 2.18cd
D2R2 2.45a 2.66a 1.84bc 15.47abc 5.39b 1.58b 7.16b 3.00b 2.45bc
D2R3 2.28a 2.60a 1.71c 14.35bc 4.52c 0.58b 5.86cd 2.35c 2.00cde
D3R1 2.31a 2.54a 1.27d 11.60d 1.64e -1.01c 5.47d 2.22c 1.60ef
D3R2 2.20a 2.58a 1.09d 11.22d 1.43e -1.87c 5.33d 2.03c 1.33f
D3R3 2.34a 2.63a 1.66c 13.75c 2.94d 0.44b 6.21c 2.98b 1.79def

Fig.1

Effects of density and row spacing on yield of sunflower Lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 5%"

Table 4

Correlation coefficients among canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield components"

指标
Index		 位置
Position		 产量
Yield		 盘粒数
Seed number per disk		 秕子率
Rate of aborted seeds		 千粒重
1000-seed weight
株高Plant height -0.61** -0.58** 0.67** -0.76**
茎粗Stem diameter 0.54** 0.74** -0.67** 0.77**
LOV 上部 0.05 -0.11 0.04 -0.12
中部 -0.41* -0.52* 0.46* -0.70**
下部 -0.56* -0.60** 0.65** -0.80**
LAI 上部 -0.21 -0.28 0.17 -0.28
中部 -0.49* -0.61** 0.57** -0.69**
下部 -0.69** -0.40* 0.28 -0.49**
透光率Transmission coefficient 上部 0.29 0.45* -0.25 0.35*
中部 0.60** 0.89** -0.66** 0.82**
下部 0.53** 0.76** -0.62** 0.85**
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content 上部 0.29 0.23 -0.26 0.26
中部 0.08 0.10 -0.10 0.18
下部 0.59** 0.68** -0.70** 0.83**
Pn 上部 0.60** 0.70** -0.71** 0.79**
中部 0.65** 0.82** -0.79** 0.94**
下部 0.58** 0.72** -0.73** 0.86**
Tr 上部 0.47* 0.68** -0.73** 0.83**
中部 0.40* 0.58** -0.62** 0.77**
下部 0.55** 0.72** -0.66** 0.85**
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