Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 247-252.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.032

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Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Yield of Sesame and Water and Heat of Soil

Wang Ruopeng(), Lü Wei, Liu Wenping(), Wen Fei, Han Junmei, Liu Xiaxia   

  1. Industrial Crop Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-07-28 Revised:2023-11-02 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

A local main sesame cultivar was used as experimental material in 2021-2022, with the aim of determining the best cultivation mode for high-yield, water-saving sesame in Northwest China. Soil temperature, moisture content, and yield-related agronomic traits of sesame at different growth stages under different cultivation modes were measured, and the effects of soil hydrothermal effects on sesame yield and water use efficiency under different cultivation modes were analyzed. The results showed that the soil temperature of 0-20 cm under double ridge seeding without mulching, double ridge seeding covered with white film, and double ridge seeding covered with black film increased by 0.7, 2.2 and 1.5 ℃, respectively, in each growth stage of sesame, there were significant differences between the double ridge coating treatments and the bare land cultivation (CK). Particularly at seedling and early flowering stages, the soil water storage in the 0-60 cm soil layer of double ridge seeding covered with white film and double ridge seeding coated with black film was higher than in the CK treatment. The yield increased by 14.19% and 17.60%, respectively, as a result of double ridge seeding covered in white film and double ridge seeding covered in black film, which both significantly increased the biomass of sesame at each growth stage and significantly promoted fruit axial length, capsules per plant, and grains per capsule at maturity. Meanwhile, the water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of CK treatment, which increased by 17.23% and 21.50%, respectively. Therefore, water saving cultivation technology of double ridge covering film should be popularized in northwest arid area, especially the black mulch covering farming measures.

Key words: Sesame, Cultivation mode, Water use efficiency, Yield

Table 1

The basic physical and chemical properties of topsoil (0-20 cm)"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total N (g/kg)		 全磷
Total P (g/kg)		 全钾
Total K (g/kg)		 速效氮
Available N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
2021 24.57 1.25 0.58 10.58 92.28 36.29 281.9
2022 20.42 1.13 0.47 8.76 87.14 32.75 234.8

Fig.1

Precipitation and average temperature during sesame growth period of the experiment site"

Table 2

Effects of different cultivation modes on soil temperature (0-20 cm) at different growth stages of sesame ℃"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 土壤温度Soil temperature
苗期
Seedling		 初花期
Initial-bloom		 盛花期
Full-bloom		 成熟期
Mature
2021 CK 31.4d 30.4d 31.7c 23.7b
T1 32.3c 31.2c 32.3bc 24.0b
T2 34.8a 32.9a 33.4a 24.9a
T3 33.9b 31.9b 32.9ab 24.5a
2022 CK 33.1d 29.5d 30.9c 25.2c
T1 34.0c 30.4c 31.4bc 25.6bc
T2 36.3a 32.3a 32.8a 26.0a
T3 35.2b 31.1b 32.1ab 25.9ab

Fig.2

Effects of different cultivation modes on soil water storage of 0-60 cm soil layer at different growth stages of sesame The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05)."

Table 3

Effects of different cultivation modes on the biomass of sesame g"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling		 初花期
Initial-bloom		 盛花期
Full-bloom		 成熟期
Mature
2021 CK 0.089c 8.037b 15.672b 40.447c
T1 0.097bc 9.491b 18.743b 46.089b
T2 0.137a 12.529a 27.388a 54.200a
T3 0.126ab 11.790a 26.767a 57.011a
2022 CK 0.104b 8.515b 18.056b 41.498c
T1 0.122ab 9.654b 20.813b 47.159b
T2 0.139a 12.752a 28.851a 55.663a
T3 0.131a 12.135a 28.352a 58.930a

Table 4

Effects of different cultivation modes on yield-related traits of sesame"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 果轴长
Fruit axial
length (cm)		 单株蒴果数
Capsules
per plant		 每蒴粒数
Grains per
capsule		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
2021 CK 82.8b 74.0c 60.0c 2.423a
T1 91.2ab 83.7b 66.0b 2.581a
T2 99.2a 92.0a 71.3ab 2.639a
T3 102.2a 97.7a 73.3a 2.636a
2022 CK 93.2b 80.7c 58.7b 2.480a
T1 100.2b 89.7bc 66.0a 2.537a
T2 118.0a 98.0ab 72.0a 2.675a
T3 119.2a 105.0a 72.7a 2.694a

Table 5

Effects of different cultivation modes on yield and water use efficiency of sesame"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 耗水量
Water consumption
(mm)		 水分利用效率
WUE
[kg/(hm2·mm)]
2021 CK 1022.93c 252.26a 4.06b
T1 1088.02bc 249.96a 4.35b
T2 1178.76ab 242.63b 4.86a
T3 1222.08a 240.62b 5.08a
2022 CK 1148.28b 359.90a 3.19b
T1 1149.42b 359.27a 3.32b
T2 1300.52a 355.21a 3.66a
T3 1331.22a 353.99a 3.76a
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