Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 240-246.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.031

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Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Physiological Growth Characteristics of Quinoa Seedlings under Saline Alkali Stress

Hou Yuchen1(), Pang Chunhua1,2(), Zhang Yongqing1,3, Kang Shuyu1, Wu Yueyue1, Yan Jingrong1, Wang Jiaqi1   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    2Modern College of Humanities and Sciences of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
    3College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-04-24 Revised:2023-07-17 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

To explore the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological growth characteristics of quinoa seedlings under saline-alkali stress, a study conducted a pot experiment to analyze various physiological indices such as chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmotic regulation substances of Longli 1 seedlings. A randomised block experiment was conducted with four levels of biochar [0 B0), 5 (B1), 15 (B2), 25 (B3) g/kg] and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer [0.09 (N1), 0.15 (N2), 0.21 (N3) g/kg], and without biochar and nitrogen fertilizer as a control (CK). The results showed that in the absence of biochar, as the nitrogen application rate increased, plant height and main root length of quinoa seedlings increased, whereas the stem diameter initially increased and then decreased. Under the same nitrogen application rate, as the biochar application rate increased, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of quinoa seedlings initially increased and then decreased; whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar content, and proline content increased initially and then decreased. Under the same biochar application rate, with the increasing of nitrogen application rate, the relative water content, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of quinoa seedlings initially increased and then decreased, while the MDA, soluble sugar, and proline contents initially decreased and then increased, and they were all best under N2 treatment. The results of subordination function showed that N2B2 was the most effective treatment for mitigating saline-alkali stress of quinoa seedlings. In conclusion, applying biochar and nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and physiological characteristics of quinoa seedlings under saline-alkali stress, achieving the best effect with 15 g/kg biochar and 0.15 g/kg nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: Biochar, Nitrogen fertilizer, Saline alkali stress, Quinoa, Physiological indexes

Table 1

Growth of quinoa seedlings under different nitrogen fertilizer and biochar treatments"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 主根长
Main root
length (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)
CK 10.87±0.18i 14.27±0.18h 1.31±0.02g
N1 B0 12.53±0.20h 14.73±0.15gh 1.45±0.03fg
B1 14.03±0.09fg 16.47±0.12ef 1.75±0.02cde
B2 16.40±0.15bc 19.77±0.23c 2.08±0.04b
B3 14.67±0.27ef 17.80±0.15d 1.88±0.03c
N2 B0 12.93±0.20h 15.03±0.27gh 1.65±0.06de
B1 15.10±0.26de 17.23±0.26de 1.87±0.04c
B2 19.40±0.15a 23.60±0.26a 2.27±0.02a
B3 16.13±0.09bc 20.70±0.26c 2.11±0.05b
N3 B0 13.33±0.09gh 15.57±0.09fg 1.62±0.03ef
B1 14.57±0.22ef 16.53±0.29ef 1.80±0.01cd
B2 16.77±0.18b 21.97±0.22b 2.13±0.03b
B3 15.63±0.15cd 18.03±0.24d 1.89±0.02c

Fig.1

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and biochar treatments on relative water content of quinoa leaves Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and biochar treatments on chlorophyll contents of quinoa seedlings"

Fig.3

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and biochar treatments on MDA contents, SOD and POD activities in quinoa leaves"

Fig.4

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and biochar treatments on soluble sugar and Pro contents in quinoa leaves"

Table 2

Comprehensive membership function of test and determination index"

处理
Treatment		 隶属函数值Membership function value 综合评价值
Comprehensive evaluation value		 排序
Ranking		 均值
Average
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10
CK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.30 13 0.30
N1 B0 0.20 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.72 0.01 0.20 0.76 0.80 0.31 12 0.44
B1 0.37 0.24 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.29 0.30 0.40 0.53 0.48 0.39 9
B2 0.65 0.59 0.80 0.83 0.82 0.12 0.74 0.72 0.23 0.20 0.57 4
B3 0.45 0.38 0.59 0.75 0.70 0.22 0.63 0.50 0.36 0.30 0.49 6
N2 B0 0.24 0.08 0.36 0.38 0.35 0.41 0.18 0.31 0.57 0.57 0.35 10 0.52
B1 0.50 0.32 0.59 0.55 0.58 0.20 0.67 0.54 0.31 0.22 0.45 7
B2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 1
B3 0.62 0.69 0.84 0.88 0.74 0.10 0.82 0.84 0.15 0.13 0.58 3
N3 B0 0.29 0.14 0.32 0.17 0.11 0.67 0.03 0.29 0.64 0.72 0.34 11 0.48
B1 0.43 0.24 0.51 0.46 0.45 0.24 0.58 0.47 0.49 0.34 0.42 8
B2 0.69 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.91 0.07 0.92 0.89 0.10 0.06 0.62 2
B3 0.56 0.40 0.60 0.85 0.72 0.19 0.71 0.66 0.26 0.22 0.52 5
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