氮锌配施对谷子根系形态及锌含量的影响
Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Application on Root Morphology and Zinc Content in Foxtail Millet
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收稿日期: 2022-03-29 修回日期: 2022-06-1
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Received: 2022-03-29 Revised: 2022-06-1
作者简介 About authors
赵海燕,主要从事作物化学调控与逆境生理研究,E-mail:
利用盆栽试验,采用完全随机区组设计,以晋谷21为供试品种,以尿素和ZnSO4·7H2O为供试肥料,设4个氮肥水平(0、120、180、240kg/hm2)和3个锌肥水平(20、40、80mg/L),研究了氮锌配施对谷子根系形态及锌含量的影响。结果表明,同一氮水平不同锌水平及同一锌水平不同氮水平处理下,喷施锌肥后7d和15d,谷子根长、投影面积、表面积和根尖数等根系形态指标均随着施锌、氮浓度的增加呈先上升后下降趋势。与单施锌肥相比,增施氮肥可有效增加谷子根系各形态指标,N0Zn40和N120Zn40处理根系各形态指标值均较大。N120Zn40处理与同氮、同锌水平下的其他处理相比,谷子根系活力显著上升,根冠比也有所增加,整体表现出较强的活性。喷施锌肥后15d,谷子根系锌含量在低氮和中氮条件下随着施锌浓度的增加呈升高趋势;N120Zn40处理谷子根系锌含量比同一锌水平不同氮水平的其他处理分别显著增加了76.00%、47.22%和15.43%。适宜比例的氮锌肥配施具有良好的协同效应,而氮120kg/hm2、锌40mg/L为本试验条件下最佳配施组合。
关键词:
With pot experiment and complete randomized block design, Jingu 21 was used as material, urea and ZnSO4∙7H2O as the fertilizer, the effects of nitrogen and zinc application on root morphology and zinc content in foxtail millet were studied by using four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 120, 180 and 240kg/ha), and three zinc fertilizer levels (20, 40 and 80mg/L). The results showed that, under different zinc treatment levels of the same nitrogen level and different nitrogen treatment levels of the same zinc level, seven and 15 days after zinc fertilizer injection, root length, projection area, surface area and root tip number all rose and then declined with the increase of zinc and nitrogen concentration. Compared with single application of zinc fertilizer, increasing nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the morphological index of foxtail millet root system, and the values of root forms of N0Zn40 and N120Zn40 treatments were large. The root activity of N120Zn40 treatment increased significantly compared with other treatments at the same nitrogen and zinc levels, and the root-shoot ratio also increased, which showed strong activity. At 15 days after zinc spraying, the zinc content of root increased with the increase of zinc concentration under low nitrogen and medium nitrogen; the zinc content of N120Zn40 treatment increased by 76.00%, 47.22% and 15.43% compared with other treatments with different nitrogen levels at the same zinc level. Therefore, the appropriate proportion of nitrogen and zinc fertilizer dispensing had a good synergistic effect, while nitrogen 120kg/ha and zinc 40mg/L were the best dispensing combination under this test condition.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
赵海燕, 赵丽洁, 韩根兰, 王江, 王子建, 聂萌恩, 杜慧玲, 原向阳, 董淑琦.
Zhao Haiyan, Zhao Lijie, Han Genlan, Wang Jiang, Wang Zijian, Nie Meng’en, Du Huiling, Yuan Xiangyang, Dong Shuqi.
锌是维持机体正常生命活动必不可少的微量元素之一,在人体微量元素中的含量仅次于铁[1]。同时,植株缺锌也会出现茎部节间缩短、植株生长矮小、叶片畸形缺绿等现象[2],但过量的锌又会对植株产生毒害作用。因此,探究适宜的锌施用浓度对作物的生长发育具有重要意义。有研究表明,锌在植物不同器官的分配受自身浓度的影响,低浓度有利于向叶片和生殖器官分配,高浓度则有利于向茎和根分配[3],且叶面喷施可以增大肥料与植株的接触面积,有利于植株快速吸收肥料,比根系施肥吸收快1倍左右[4],还可以减轻肥料对土壤环境以及水资源的污染。此外,有研究[5]表明,氮素极有可能是影响植物富集锌的重要营养成分。王志强等[6]和张腾等[7]研究也发现,氮锌配施会使小麦植株中的锌随着生育进程的推进逐渐由营养器官转向籽粒,这对于提高作物籽粒锌含量具有显著作用。
谷子作为杂粮之首[14],富含多种维生素、矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸以及各种人体必需氨基酸,具有降糖、抗癌及较高的保健作用,且易于人体消化吸收利用。随着社会经济的发展,人们对于健康饮食以及膳食结构有了更高的要求。因此,提升小米的营养品质、增加其功能特性显得尤为重要。
目前,关于氮锌配施的研究多集中于对水稻、小麦和玉米等作物产量及营养品质的影响,而对作物根系形态及活性的研究报道较少。因此,本试验以此为切入点,通过探究氮锌配施对谷子根系形态及锌含量的影响,明确氮锌互作对谷子根系形态建成的影响机制,为优化谷子根系空间布局、激发根系功能、促进谷子富锌、实现富锌功能性谷子的生产提供一定的理论支持。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
供试谷子品种为晋谷21号,由山西省农业科学院谷子研究所提供。供试锌肥为ZnSO4·7H2O(分析纯),供试氮肥为尿素。
供试土壤取自山西农业大学农作站附近未种过谷子的农家地,土壤为石灰性褐土,pH 8.15、有机质16.61g/kg、碱解氮79.80mg/kg、有效磷0.35mg/kg、速效钾341.84mg/kg、锌109.93mg/kg。
1.2 试验设计
利用盆栽试验,采用完全随机区组设计,将采回的土过3mm筛,按照0(N0)、120(N120)、180(N180)、240kg/hm2(N240)的氮肥水平与土壤拌匀,每盆装土2.5kg(盆直径16cm,高18cm),播种25粒,分别于3叶期和5叶期间苗,每盆定苗5株,于5叶期分别喷施20(Zn20)、40(Zn40)、80mg/L(Zn80)的ZnSO4·7H2O溶液,喷施至悬而未滴,共12个处理,每个处理重复6次,于喷施后7和15d取样进行相关指标的测定。
1.3 测定项目与方法
1.3.1 根系形态
各处理选取3株完整根系,洗净后放入装有去离子水的玻璃槽内,调整根系位置,使用根系扫描仪(Epson Perfection V850 Pro)获取根系图像,用配套的根系分析软件分析根系形态指标。
1.3.2 根系活力
采用TTC还原法测定根系活力。
1.3.3 生物量
将植株的地上部与根系冲洗干净置于烘箱,105℃杀青0.5h,然后75℃烘干至恒重称量其干重。
1.3.4 根冠比
根冠比=地下部干重/地上部干重。
1.3.5 锌含量
将叶片与根系烘干后进行粉碎,称取粉碎后的样品0.50g,加入HNO3-H2O2混合液10mL(HNO3:H2O2=5:1,体积比),浸泡过夜,使用普利热消煮仪进行消煮至透明,然后用蒸馏水定容至50mL,使用0.45μm水系滤膜过滤至5mL EP管保存,滤液用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP- MS)测定锌含量。
1.4 数据处理
采用SPSS 25.0进行方差分析,用Excel 2019整理数据和图表,用Origin 2018进行绘图。
2 结果与分析
2.1 氮锌配施对谷子根系形态的影响
由表1可知,喷施锌肥后7d,在同一氮处理不同锌处理水平及同一锌处理不同氮处理水平下,谷子根系形态各指标均随着施锌、氮浓度的增加先上升后下降,在N120Zn40处理达到最大值。单施锌肥的各处理之间相比较,Zn40处理与其他各处理均有显著差异;与N120Zn20处理相比,单施锌肥处理的根系各形态指标分别降低了47.53%、49.34%、49.33%、45.77%;与N120Zn80处理相比,各指标分别降低了32.01%、26.79%、26.82%、47.28%。与单施锌肥的处理相比,增施氮肥可有效增加谷子根长、投影面积、表面积和根尖数,且均表现为与N120的配施效果最好。
表1 氮锌配施7d后对谷子根系形态的影响
Table 1
指标Index | 处理Treatment | N0 | N120 | N180 | N240 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度Length (cm) | Zn20 | 152.04±34.93bB | 289.78±64.80aAB | 218.95±55.21abAB | 194.99±7.37bB |
Zn40 | 480.98±53.41aA | 372.66±78.64bA | 289.72±24.30bcA | 259.76±17.97cA | |
Zn80 | 145.99±37.02bB | 214.97±11.53aB | 181.22±11.70abB | 164.43±30.30bB | |
投影面积Projected area (cm2) | Zn20 | 4.21±0.89bB | 8.31±2.31aA | 5.61±1.89abAB | 4.92±0.88bB |
Zn40 | 11.11±1.24aA | 8.47±2.46abA | 7.76±0.29bA | 7.69±1.22bA | |
Zn80 | 4.70±1.19aB | 6.42±1.33aA | 5.21±0.32aB | 5.02±0.68aB | |
表面积Surface area (cm2) | Zn20 | 13.23±2.78bB | 26.11±7.27aA | 17.63±5.95abAB | 15.47±2.75bB |
Zn40 | 34.91±3.91aA | 26.60±7.72abA | 24.38±0.90bA | 24.15±3.82bA | |
Zn80 | 14.76±3.73aB | 20.17±4.18aA | 16.36±1.01aB | 15.77±2.15aB | |
根尖数Number of root tips | Zn20 | 1028.33±390.26bB | 1896.33±437.35aAB | 1496.67±418.23abAB | 1256.67±222.53abA |
Zn40 | 3107.67±827.75aA | 2882.67±711.73aA | 2007.33±267.40abA | 1554.00±254.68bA | |
Zn80 | 731.00±187.84bB | 1386.67±248.42aB | 1285.67±205.93abB | 1151.00±521.35abA |
不同小写字母表示同一锌水平下的差异显著,不同大写字母表示同一氮水平下的差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the same Zn level, different upper case letters indicate significant differences at the same N level (P < 0.05). The same below
由表2可知,喷施锌肥后15d,谷子根系形态各指标变化趋势与喷施锌肥后7d大体一致,均在N120Zn40处理达到最大值。与单施锌肥相比,增施氮肥可有效增加谷子根系各形态指标,其中根长和投影面积分别增加了0.70%~19.80%和2.70%~ 22.57%;表面积和根尖数分别增加了2.34%~ 26.67%和1.47%~35.19%,但当氮肥浓度达到240kg/hm2时会显著抑制谷子根系各形态指标的增加,各处理根长分别降低了24.69%、23.10%和39.99%,根投影面积降低了27.22%、15.86%和28.68%,根表面积降低了28.24%、15.85%和28.92%;此外,根尖数也显著降低15.02%、16.97%和48.26%。
表2 氮锌配施15d后对谷子根系形态的影响
Table 2
指标Index | 处理Treatment | N0 | N120 | N180 | N240 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度Length (cm) | Zn20 | 594.57±80.61aB | 683.17±25.15aB | 656.90±48.21aB | 447.80±48.71bB |
Zn40 | 738.33±11.63bA | 884.55±32.15aA | 787.61±30.79bA | 567.78±57.74cA | |
Zn80 | 616.06±69.72aAB | 620.37±62.48aB | 537.46±59.69aC | 369.67±32.22bB | |
投影面积Projected area (cm2) | Zn20 | 14.51±0.63bA | 16.12±0.44aB | 15.26±0.41abB | 10.56±1.36cAB |
Zn40 | 15.95±1.44cA | 19.55±1.18aA | 17.90±0.39abA | 13.42±2.12bcA | |
Zn80 | 14.05±2.26aA | 14.43±2.25aB | 15.06±0.78aB | 10.02±0.10bB | |
表面积Surface area (cm2) | Zn20 | 46.24±2.09aA | 47.32±3.43aB | 48.49±0.75aB | 33.18±4.27bAB |
Zn40 | 50.10±4.54bcA | 63.47±5.79aA | 56.17±1.14abA | 42.16±6.66cA | |
Zn80 | 44.15±7.11aA | 45.33±7.07aB | 47.33±2.46aB | 31.38±0.38bB | |
根尖数Tips number of root | Zn20 | 4131.33±688.76abA | 4921.33±449.67aB | 4709.00±614.08aAB | 3510.67±343.96bA |
Zn40 | 4807.67±337.05bcA | 6499.67±108.19aA | 5651.33±830.94abA | 3991.67±576.68cA | |
Zn80 | 4837.67±674.51aA | 4909.00±163.24aB | 3739.00±732.33bB | 2503.00±462.93cB |
2.2 氮锌配施对谷子根系活力的影响
如图1所示,喷施锌肥后7d,在同一锌水平处理下,谷子根系活力随着施氮浓度的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,即N0处理根系活力最大,不同氮水平其他各处理与其相比,根系活力分别降低了47.80%、46.09%和60.16%。在同一氮浓度下,谷子根系活力先上升后下降,在Zn40处理达到较大值,且各处理之间有显著性差异。N0Zn40处理根系活力最高,与N0Zn20和N0Zn80处理相比,根系活力分别降低了22.65%和48.02%。喷施锌肥后15d,在同一锌水平和同一氮水平处理下,谷子根系活力均随着施氮或者施锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,各处理间有显著性差异,且分别在N120与Zn40处理达到较大值,整体在N120Zn40处理根系活力最高。同一氮水平不同锌水平各处理与其相比,根系活力分别降低了10.60%和38.34%;同一锌水平不同氮水平各处理与其相比,根系活力也分别降低了26.73%、23.28%和41.39%。
图1
图1
氮锌配施对谷子根系活力的影响
不同小写字母表示同一锌水平下的差异显著,不同大写字母表示同一氮水平下的差异显著(P < 0.05),下同
Fig.1
Effects of nitrogen and zinc application on the root vitality of millet
Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the same Zn level, different upper case letters indicate significant difference at the same N level (P < 0.05). The same below
2.3 氮锌配施对谷子根冠比的影响
如图2所示,喷施锌肥后7d,喷施浓度为20和80mg/L时,谷子根冠比随着施氮浓度的增加先升高后降低。与单施锌肥相比,Zn20处理可显著增加谷子植株的根冠比。在同一氮浓度下,谷子根冠比随着施锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,Zn40处理达到较大值。与单施锌肥相比,各处理之间呈现显著差异,且N0Zn40处理根冠比最高,比同一氮水平不同锌水平各处理根冠比分别增加了39.63%和20.66%,比同一锌水平不同氮水平各处理根冠比分别增加了10.41%、9.53%和9.00%。喷施锌肥后15d,在同一锌水平处理和同一氮浓度处理下,谷子根冠比分别随着施氮和施锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,除N240处理外,其他各处理与单施锌肥相比均无显著差异,但N120Zn40处理根冠比最高,比同一氮水平不同锌水平的各处理根冠比分别增加了5.67%和11.94%;比同一锌水平不同氮水平的各处理根冠比分别增加了5.74%、3.40%和28.28%。
图2
图2
氮锌配施对谷子根冠比的影响
Fig.2
Effects of nitrogen and zinc application on the root-shoot ratio of millet
2.4 氮锌配施对谷子根系锌含量的影响
如图3所示,喷施锌肥后7d,在同一锌浓度处理下,谷子根系锌含量随着施氮浓度的增加先降低后升高,N120处理根系锌含量最小,分别为147.82、151.40和117.26mg/kg,比其他处理谷子根系锌含量分别降低了24.07%、9.12%和34.13%。中氮条件下,谷子根系锌含量随着施锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,低氮和高氮条件下的变化趋势则与此相反。N120Zn40处理谷子根系锌含量比同一氮水平不同锌水平的其他处理分别增加了2.42%和29.11%。喷施锌肥后15d,Zn40与Zn80处理谷子根系锌含量随着施氮浓度的增加先上升后下降,与单施锌肥相比,各处理间均有显著差异,且在N120处理达到最大值,分别为194.29和211.72mg/kg。在同一氮处理水平下,谷子根系锌含量在低氮和中氮条件下,随着施锌浓度的增加呈升高趋势;当施氮浓度为240kg/hm2、施锌浓度为80mg/L时,谷子根系锌含量显著上升。但N120Zn40处理谷子根系锌含量与同一锌水平不同氮水平的其他处理相比显著增加了76.00%、47.22%和15.43%。
图3
图3
氮锌配施对谷子根系锌含量的影响
Fig.3
Effects of nitrogen and zinc application on root zinc content in millet
2.5 氮锌配施对谷子锌转运的影响
如图4所示,喷施锌肥后7d,在同一锌水平处理下,谷子叶片锌吸收转运比例随着施氮浓度的增加先升高后降低,各处理之间有显著差异,且N120处理向叶片转运锌吸收比例占整株锌吸收比例最大,分别为46.10%、48.68%和55.58%。在同一氮水平处理下,增施氮肥会增大锌吸收量向叶片的转运比例,中氮(N120)条件促进吸收,当氮肥施用达到一定程度(N240),则会反向抑制锌向叶片的转运。N120Zn40处理谷子向叶片转运比例为48.68%,向根转运比例为51.32%。喷施锌肥后15d,在同一锌水平处理下,谷子向叶片的锌吸收转运量随着施氮浓度的增加呈降低的趋势。与单施锌肥相比,各处理之间有显著差异,且Zn40处理叶片锌吸收转运量随着施氮浓度的增加分别降低了30.67%、21.33%和35.23%。在同一氮水平处理下,低氮条件促进谷子向叶片转运锌,高氮条件下又会抑制谷子叶片锌吸收量。N0Zn20处理与低氮中锌处理相比无显著差异,与低氮高锌相比,叶片锌的吸收转运比例显著增加了8.68%。
图4
图4
氮锌配施对谷子锌转运的影响
Fig.4
Effects of nitrogen and zinc application on zinc transport in millet
3 讨论
3.1 氮锌配施对谷子根系形态的影响
根系是植物吸收、转化、储存营养和水分的重要器官,其生长的健康与否直接影响植物的生物量和对环境的适应能力[15]。根长、根投影面积、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、根尖数等指标均可以较为准确地描述谷子的根系形态。本研究结果表明,中氮中锌条件下,谷子根长显著增加0.70%~ 19.80%,投影面积增加2.70%~22.57%,表面积增加2.34%~26.67%,根尖数增加1.47%~35.19%,但是高氮条件则会显著抑制谷子根系各形态指标的增长。这与王佳等[16]的研究结果一致,表明增施氮、锌肥可显著增加作物根长、根体积、根尖数以及分根数。梁振凯等[13]研究也表明,增施锌肥可显著增加小麦的根长和表面积,且中锌处理显著高于高锌处理。说明根系通过增加根系长度、根表面积等来摄取土壤中的有效成分,进而将植物所需的各种营养物质输送到地上部功能器官进行有效积累和再分配[17],且适宜的氮、锌比例有助于促进谷子的生长发育,过量的氮锌配比则会显著抑制谷子的生长发育。
3.2 氮锌配施对谷子根系活力的影响
3.3 氮锌配施对谷子根冠比的影响
3.4 氮锌配施对谷子根系锌含量及锌转运的影响
根系锌含量是衡量根系锌代谢的重要指标之一。本研究表明,谷子根系锌含量在低氮和高氮条件下均随着施锌浓度的增加先降低后升高;在中氮条件下,谷子根系锌含量随着施锌浓度的增加先升高后降低。说明适宜的施氮量可以提高谷子根系对锌的吸收能力,与单施锌肥相比,氮锌配施可显著提高根系锌含量,可能是由于适宜的氮锌配比提高了植株体内与锌有关的蛋白酶、RNA聚合酶等同工酶的活性,进而促进植株在对锌大量吸收的同时增加了对氮的吸收[22]。张均等[23]研究也表明,氮锌配施可通过提高根系氮、锌代谢相关酶活性来提高根系代谢能力,促进根系生长发育。韩金玲等[24]的研究也证实,适量施锌能够提高小麦对氮的吸收,增加小麦各器官中氮、锌的积累量并提高开花后向籽粒的转运量,但施锌量过大也会抑制小麦对这些营养元素的吸收、积累和转运。本试验中,高氮高锌条件下谷子根系锌含量显著增加则可能是由于高氮条件抑制了根系的生长,但仍增强了植株对锌的吸收和累积,这与Erenoglu等[25]的研究结果一致,表明对锌膜的干扰运输过程可能是高施氮量增加锌吸收的另一个原因。
4 结论
氮锌配施可显著影响谷子苗期根系形态和生理活性等指标,氮锌之间存在明显的互作效应。谷子生长前期喷施锌肥后,氮锌互作效应缓慢,所以N0Zn40处理谷子根长、根投影面积、根表面积以及根尖数达最大值。在喷施锌肥15d后,氮锌互作效应明显,整体在N120Zn40处理各指标表现出最大值,且随着氮和锌浓度的增加均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。施氮、锌不足或施氮、锌过多都会对谷子根系的生长造成一定的影响,进而抑制根系的生长发育。
综上所述,氮锌配施因作物种类、配施比例以及配施方式的不同而存在差异。因此,在实际生产中,要根据作物种类和生产条件确定最适宜的氮锌配施比例及方法,充分发挥氮锌互作的潜力。
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Mineral nutrients are distributed in a non-uniform manner in the soil. Plasticity in root responses to the availability of mineral nutrients is believed to be important for optimizing nutrient acquisition. The response of root architecture to heterogeneous nutrient availability has been documented in various plant species, and the molecular mechanisms coordinating these responses have been investigated particularly in Arabidopsis, a model dicotyledonous plant. Recently, progress has been made in describing the phenotypic plasticity of root architecture in maize, a monocotyledonous crop. This article reviews aspects of phenotypic plasticity of maize root system architecture, with special emphasis on describing (1) the development of its complex root system; (2) phenotypic responses in root system architecture to heterogeneous N availability; (3) the importance of phenotypic plasticity for N acquisition; (4) different regulation of root growth and nutrients uptake by shoot; and (5) root traits in maize breeding. This knowledge will inform breeding strategies for root traits enabling more efficient acquisition of soil resources and synchronizing crop growth demand, root resource acquisition and fertilizer application during crop growing season, thereby maximizing crop yields and nutrient-use efficiency and minimizing environmental pollution.
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Nitrogen (N) is critical for zinc (Zn) absorption into plant roots; this in turn allows for Zn accumulation and biofortification of grain in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an important food crop. However, little is known about root morphology and subcellular Zn distribution in response to N treatment at different levels of Zn supply. In this study, two nutrient solution culture experiments were conducted to examine Zn accumulation, Zn absorption kinetics, root morphology, and Zn subcellular distribution in wheat seedlings pre-cultured with different N concentrations. The results showed positive correlations between N and Zn concentrations, and N and Zn accumulation, respectively. The findings suggested that an increase in N supply enhanced root absorption and the root-to-shoot transport of Zn. Nitrogen combined with the high Zn (Zn-10) treatment increased the Zn concentration and consequently its accumulation in both shoots and roots. The maximum influx rate (V-max), root length, surface area, and volume of 14-d-old seedlings, and root growth from 7 to 14 d in the medium N (N-7.5) treatment were higher, but the Michaelis constant (Km) and minimum equilibrium concentrations (C-min) in this treatment were lower than those in the low (N-0.05) and high (N-15) N treatments, when Zn was supplied at a high level (Zn-10). Meanwhile, there were no pronounced differences in the above root traits between the N0.05Zn0 and N7.5Zn10 treatments. An increase in N supply decreased Zn in cell walls and cell organelles, while it increased Zn in the root soluble fraction. In leaves, an increase in N supply significantly decreased Zn in cell walls and the soluble fraction, while it increased Zn in cell organelles under Zn deficiency, but increased Zn distribution in the soluble fraction under medium and high Zn treatments. Therefore, a combination of medium N and high Zn treatments enhanced Zn absorption, apparently by enhancing Zn membrane transport and stimulating root development in winter wheat. An increase in N supply was beneficial in terms of achieving a balanced distribution of Zn subcellular fractions, thus enhancing Zn translocation to shoots, while maintaining normal metabolism.
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锌肥配施对小麦根系氮、锌含量和氮、锌代谢相关酶活性的影响
以豫麦66(根系较发达型)和豫麦49-198(根系欠发达型)为供试材料,在3个供氮水平[0(N1)、120(N2)、240(N3)kg/hm<sup>2</sup>]和3个供锌水平[0(Zn1)、15(Zn2)、30(Zn3)kg/hm<sup>2</sup>]下,通过盆栽试验分析不同氮、锌肥配施对不同类型小麦根系氮、锌含量和氮、锌代谢相关酶活性的影响,以筛选出适宜豫西旱地小麦栽培的最佳氮、锌肥组合。结果表明,适当增施氮、锌肥可提高小麦根系全氮含量、锌含量、硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性、色氨酸合成酶活性和植酸酶活性,且这些指标总体上均随着生育进程的推进呈先升高后降低的趋势。对于豫麦66,N2Zn2处理根中全氮含量在拔节期及之前高于其他处理,拔节期之后根中全氮含量开始下降;除拔节期、灌浆期外,其余时期根中锌含量均以N2Zn3处理最高,N2Zn2处理次之;根系硝酸还原酶活性以N2Zn2处理最高,越冬期—挑旗期,较N1Zn1处理显著提高18.8%~70.7%;根系谷氨酸合成酶、植酸酶活性均以N2Zn2处理最高,谷氨酸合成酶活性较N1Zn1处理显著提高0.8~2.4倍,植酸酶活性较其他处理提高16.7%~50.0%;根系色氨酸合成酶活性总体以N2Zn3处理最高,N2Zn2处理次之。对于豫麦49-198,根中全氮含量总体以N2Zn2处理最高,较N1Zn1处理显著提高34.9%~87.7%;分蘖期、越冬期、拔节期、挑旗期根中锌含量均以N3Zn3处理最高,其余时期总体以N2Zn2处理最高;越冬期—挑旗期,根系硝酸还原酶活性以N2Zn2处理最高;根系谷氨酸合成酶活性总体以N2Zn2处理最高,较最低的N1Zn1处理显著提高41.8%~200.0%;根系色氨酸合成酶活性总体以N2Zn3处理最高,N1Zn1、N2Zn2、N3Zn3处理较高;根系植酸酶活性以N2Zn2处理最高。综合分析可知,本试验条件下,N2Zn2为最佳氮、锌肥组合。
Improved nitrogen nutrition enhances root uptake, root-to-shoot translocation and remobilization of zinc 65Zn in wheat
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