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作物杂志,2018, 第5期: 1–9 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.001

• 专题综述 •    下一篇

作物耐热生理基础与基因发掘研究进展

吴昊1,2,李燕敏1,谢传晓1   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,100081,北京
    2 徽农业大学生命科学学院,230036,安徽合肥
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-19 修回日期:2018-08-21 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 谢传晓
  • 作者简介:吴昊,硕士,主要从事玉米分子育种研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31771808)

Research Advances on Physiological Basis and Gene Discovery for Thermal Tolerance in Crops

Wu Hao1,2,Li Yanmin1,Xie Chuanxiao1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2 School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
  • Received:2018-04-19 Revised:2018-08-21 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12
  • Contact: Chuanxiao Xie

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摘要：

热胁迫是农作物生产中的环境限制因子,影响作物生长发育并导致农作物减产与降低农产品品质。作物耐热性生理生化、基因发掘与分子机制研究将为农业生产与耐热新品种培育奠定基础。综述了热胁迫逆境对作物营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段的影响,重点阐述了开花期与子粒灌浆期等作物产量形成关键时期受热害时作物的生理与发育,介绍了作物主要的4种热响应方式,即膜流动性改变、蛋白质解折叠、细胞骨架解聚和代谢物变化,总结了Hsf热激转录因子的调控与耐热分子机制,并展望了应用生物技术创制作物耐热新种质与遗传改良的可行性。本文为作物耐热性生理基础、基因发掘、分子机制与育种途径等研究提供参考。

关键词: 作物, 热胁迫, 生理响应, 热激转录因子, 耐热基因, 耐热种质

Abstract:

Thermal or heat stress is an environmental limiting factor in crop production which affects the growth and development of crops leading to yields reduction and lower quality of agricultural products. The research on physiology, biochemistry, gene discovery and molecular mechanism of plant heat resistance will lay the foundation for the agricultural production and breeding of the new varieties of heat tolerance. Thermal stress affecting on crops vegetative stage and reproductive stage, the anthesis and grain-filling stage that are critical for yield formation was reviewed in this paper. Four major kinds of the physiological thermal response, namely membrane fluidity change, protein unfolding, cytoskeleton depolymerization and metabolite change were introduced. The gene discovery of Hsf regulation under heat stress was summarized. We also prospected the genetic improvements, creating germplasm, and developing new biotechnology for heat tolerance in crops. This paper provides references for the study of physiological basis, gene discovery, molecular mechanism and breeding pathways for crop heat resistance.

Key words: Crop, Thermal stress, Physiological response, Heat shock transcription factor, Thermotolerance gene, Thermotolerance germplasm

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