不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）分蘖性状比较及其对产量和产量构成因子的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）间的分蘖性状差异及其对产量及产量构成因子的影响,在3个蔗区的5个试验点对4个不同甘蔗品种（系）的分蘖农艺性状、产量构成因子进行显著性、相关性、变异系数和通径分析。结果表明,不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）间的分蘖性状差异显著,分蘖率和分蘖苗数对有效茎的产生具有重要作用;根据分蘖农艺性状的差异将甘蔗分为低分蘖甘蔗品种（系）（新台糖22号、桂糖42号）和高分蘖甘蔗品种（系）（桂热2号、凉蔗03-81）,与高分蘖甘蔗品种（系）产量相关性最高的产量构成因子是有效茎数（0.76^**）,低分蘖甘蔗品种（系）则是单茎重（0.83^**）,高分蘖（0.64^*）和低分蘖品种（系）的分蘖率（0.68^*）与有效茎数呈显著正相关关系;有效茎数对2种类型甘蔗产量的直接通径系数最大,是影响甘蔗产量的主要因子;分蘖苗数和分蘖率的变异系数最大,具有较高的改良潜力。综上所述,分蘖可以显著提高有效茎数,从而影响甘蔗产量,且影响甘蔗产量和产量构成因子之间的关系。

关键词: 甘蔗, 分蘖, 有效茎, 产量构成因子

Abstract:

The study was designed to understand the difference of tillering characters between sugarcane varieties (lines) and its influence on yield and yield components. The significance, correlation, coefficient of variation and path analysis of tiller agronomic characters and yield components of four different sugarcane varieties (lines) were carried out at five test sites in three sugarcane regions. The results showed that there were significant differences in tiller characters among sugarcane varieties (lines) in different sugarcane regions, and the tillering rate and the number of tillers played an important role in the production of available canes. Sugarcane varieties (lines) were divided into low-tillering sugarcane varieties (lines) (Xintaitang 22, Guitang 42) and high-tillering sugarcane varieties(lines) (Guire 2, Liangzhe 03-81). The highest correlation with the yield of high-tillering sugarcane varieties (lines) was available stem number (0.76^**), while that of low-tillering sugarcane varieties (lines) was single stem weight (0.83^**), and there was a significant positive correlation between tillering rate and available canes (0.64^*, 0.68^*). The number of available canes had the greatest direct path coefficients on the yield of the two types of sugarcane and the available canes were the main factors affecting the yield of sugarcane. The variation coefficients of tiller number and tillering rate were the highest, which had the high potential for improvement. In conclusion, the tillering of sugarcane could significantly increase the number of available canes and influence on sugarcane yield, and affect the relationship between sugarcane yield and yield components.

Key words: Sugarcane, Tillering, Available canes, Yield components

李佳慧, 程琴, 欧克纬, 谭秦亮, 庞新华, 周全光, 吕平, 宋奇琦, 唐毓玮, 朱鹏锦. 不同蔗区甘蔗品种（系）分蘖性状比较及其对产量和产量构成因子的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (5): 79–86

Li Jiahui, Cheng Qin, Ou Kewei, Tan Qinliang, Pang Xinhua, Zhou Quanguang, Lü Ping, Song Qiqi, Tang Yuwei, Zhu Pengjin. Comparison of Tiller Characters of Sugarcane Varieties (Lines) in Different Sugarcane Regions and Their Effects on Yield and Yield Components[J]. Crops, 2021(5): 79–86

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试验点 Test site	品种（系） Variety (line)	基本苗数 Basic shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	分蘖苗数 Tiller (×10³ stems/hm²)	总苗数 Total shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	分蘖率 Tillering rate (%)	有效茎数 Available cane number (×10³ stems/hm²)	成茎率 Stem rate (%)
金光农场	桂热2号	59.51bB	53.31bB	112.82bA	89.57cC	85.76aA	76.01aAB
Jinguang farm	桂糖42号	66.72aA	36.77dD	103.48cB	55.11dD	66.23bB	64.00bC
	凉蔗03-81	50.11cC	69.69aA	119.81aA	139.08aA	82.58aA	68.92bBC
	新台糖22号	38.26dD	44.73cC	82.99dC	116.93bB	65.91bB	79.42aA
良圻农场	桂热2号	72.49aA	69.35bB	141.84bB	95.67bB	85.37aA	60.18aA
Liangqi farm	桂糖42号	66.56bA	43.98dD	110.53dD	66.08dD	57.57dD	52.09bB
	凉蔗03-81	70.90abA	81.19aA	152.08aA	114.51aA	78.62bB	51.69bB
	新台糖22号	68.85abA	57.59cC	126.43cC	83.64cC	68.21cC	53.95bAB
昌菱农场	桂热2号	68.76bAB	86.81aA	155.58aA	126.25aA	106.91aA	68.71aA
Changling farm	桂糖42号	63.30cB	61.22bB	124.52bB	96.72cC	61.79dD	49.62cC
	凉蔗03-81	73.51aA	83.42aA	156.93aA	113.48bB	94.31bB	60.09bB
	新台糖22号	73.24aA	75.79abA	149.03abA	103.48cB	69.95cC	44.74cC
柳兴农场	桂热2号	70.65aA	60.61bB	131.26bB	85.78bB	77.34bB	58.92cB
Liuxing farm	桂糖42号	68.56aA	45.33cC	113.89cC	66.12cC	57.72cC	50.68dC
	凉蔗03-81	68.76aA	74.52aA	143.28aA	108.37aA	92.51aA	64.56bAB
	新台糖22号	47.24bB	21.52dD	68.76dD	45.56dD	48.68dD	70.79aA
滨海农场	桂热2号	72.16aA	42.65aA	114.81aA	59.11aA	83.15aA	72.42aA
Binhai farm	桂糖42号	66.74bA	40.09aAB	106.83bAB	60.07aA	56.15cB	52.56bB
	凉蔗03-81	68.35abA	35.55bBC	103.90bB	52.01aA	57.48cB	55.32bB
	新台糖22号	53.70cB	29.89cC	83.59cC	55.67aA	61.14bB	73.14aA

品种（系） Variety (line)	基本苗数 Basic shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	分蘖苗数 Tiller (×10³ stems/hm²)	总苗数 Total shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	分蘖率 Tillering rate (%)	有效茎数 Available cane number (×10³ stems/hm²)	成茎率 Stem rate (%)
桂热2号Guire 2	68.71aA	62.55aA	131.27aA	91.28abAB	87.71aA	66.81aA
桂糖42号Guitang 42	66.38aA	45.48bB	111.86bB	68.82cB	59.90bB	53.55bA
凉蔗03-81 Liangzhe 03-81	66.33aA	68.88aA	135.21aA	105.49aA	81.09aA	60.06abA
新台糖22号Xintaitang 22	56.26aA	47.37bB	103.62bB	83.056bAB	62.78bB	61.51abA

试验点 Test site	品种（系） Variety (line)	茎长 Stem length (cm)	茎径 Stem diameter (cm)	单茎重 Single stem weight (kg)	有效茎数 Available cane number (×10³ stems/hm²)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)
金光农场	桂热2号	262.00aA	2.54bcB	1.18bB	85.76aA	91.20aA
Jinguang farm	桂糖42号	257.00aA	2.74aA	1.35aA	66.23bB	80.58bB
	凉蔗03-81	226.00bB	2.57bB	1.01cC	82.58aA	80.09bB
	新台糖22 号	253.00aA	2.47cB	1.07cBC	65.91bB	73.37cC
良圻农场	桂热2号	329.00bA	2.47cB	1.43cC	85.37aA	99.02bB
Liangqi farm	桂糖42号	336.00abA	2.78aA	1.88aA	57.57dD	86.28cC
	凉蔗03-81	307.00cB	2.69bA	1.57bB	78.62bB	106.32aA
	新台糖22号	351.00aA	2.66bA	1.80aA	68.21cC	108.41aA
昌菱农场	桂热2号	278.00bAB	2.56bcB	1.28bB	106.91aA	103.44aA
Changling farm	桂糖42号	299.00aA	2.70aA	1.54aA	61.79dD	80.93bB
	凉蔗03-81	259.00cB	2.60bAB	1.21bB	94.31bB	107.55aA
	新台糖22号	286.00abA	2.50cB	1.25bB	69.95cC	74.93cB
柳兴农场	桂热2号	295.70aA	2.65cB	1.63bB	77.34bB	88.56bB
Liuxing farm	桂糖42号	299.30aA	2.87aA	1.38cC	57.72cC	72.39cC
	凉蔗03-81	287.00aA	2.55dB	1.83aA	92.51aA	98.10aA
	新台糖22号	290.00aA	2.77bA	1.06dD	48.68dD	61.56dD
滨海农场	桂热2号	254.00aA	2.59bB	1.18aA	83.15aA	85.67aA
Binhai farm	桂糖42号	245.00abA	2.64bAB	1.19aA	56.15cB	63.86bB
	凉蔗03-81	234.00bA	2.75aA	1.21aA	57.48cB	64.80bB
	新台糖22号	233.00bA	2.62bB	1.11aA	61.14bB	67.92bB

品种（系） Variety (line)	茎长 Stem length (cm)	茎径 Stem diameter (cm)	单茎重 Single stem weight (kg)	有效茎数 Available cane number (×10³ stems/hm²)	产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)
桂热2号Guire 2	283.74aA	2.56aA	1.34aA	87.71aA	93.58aA
桂糖42号Guitang 42	287.26aA	2.75aA	1.47aA	59.90bB	76.81bB
凉蔗03-81 Liangzhe 03-81	262.60aA	2.63aA	1.37aA	81.09aA	91.37aA
新台糖22号Xintaitang 22	282.60aA	2.60aA	1.26aA	62.78bB	77.24bB

性状 Trait	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)	实际变幅 Actual range
基本苗数Basic shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	64.42	9.72	15.09	47.24~73.24
分蘖苗数Tiller (×10³ stems/hm²)	56.07	19.61	34.99	21.52~86.81
总苗数Total shoots (×10³ stems/hm²)	120.48	25.56	21.22	68.76~156.93
分蘖率Tillering rate (%)	87.16	28.35	32.53	45.56~126.25
有效茎数Available cane number (×10³ stems/hm²)	72.87	15.43	21.18	48.68~106.91
茎长Stem length (cm)	279.05	35.26	12.64	233.00~351.00
茎径Stem diameter (cm)	2.64	0.11	4.17	2.47~2.87
单茎重Single stem weight (kg)	1.36	0.27	19.67	1.01~1.88
理论产量Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	84.75	15.26	18.00	61.56~108.41