不同胚乳表型对高粱农艺性状及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究高粱籽粒胚乳质地及淀粉类型对高粱产量、株高和其他农艺性状的潜在影响，以一个粉质高粱品系作为母本，一个糯性高粱品系作为父本，于2021年进行人工杂交，2022年对F₂胚乳表型重组群体进行随机抽样调查，以鉴定样本胚乳表型，测量和分析样本的产量、株高和其他农艺性状。结果表明，糯性淀粉类型显著降低了植株的单穗重，粉质胚乳质地显著降低了植株的单穗重、千粒重和株高。然而，选择出高产且具有糯性淀粉类型或粉质胚乳质地的品系是可能的，为了有效地识别出具有这种表型的高产品系，需要对其育种工作予以重视。

关键词: 高粱, 胚乳质地, 淀粉类型, 产量, 农艺性状

Abstract:

In order to explore the potential effects of endosperm texture and starch type on grain yield, plant height, and other agronomic traits in sorghum, this study conducted artificial hybridization between a waxy sorghum line as the male parent and a floury sorghum line as the female parent in 2021. In 2022, a sample survey was conducted on the F₂ population of recombinant endosperm phenotype to identify sample endosperm phenotypes, measure grain yield, plant height, and other agronomic traits for analysis. The results showed that plants with the waxy starch had significantly reduced panicle weight, while those with floury endosperm texture had significantly reduced panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and plant height. Nonetheless, high-yielding lines with a waxy starch type or floury endosperm texture can be chosen, and breeding efforts for these lines must be prioritized in order to effectively discover high-yielding lines with this phenotype.

Key words: Sorghum, Endosperm texture, Starch type, Yield, Agronomic trait

董明宇, 郑宏峰, 朱哲. 不同胚乳表型对高粱农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024 (5): 29–34

Dong Mingyu, Zheng Hongfeng, Zhu Zhe. Effects of Different Endosperm Phenotypes on Agronomic Traits and Yield in Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2024(5): 29–34

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淀粉类型 Starch type	胚乳质地 Endosperm texture	样本数量（株） The number of samples (plant)	淀粉类型 Starch type	胚乳质地 Endosperm texture	样本数量（株） The number of samples (plant)
粳Nonwaxy	角质	11	糯Waxy	角质	8
	中等粉质	40		中等粉质	3
	粉质	11		粉质	2

变异来源 Source of variation	单穗重 Panicle weight	千粒重 1000-grain weight	株高 Plant height	穗长 Panicle length	茎粗 Stem diameter	穗柄长 Peduncle length	叶面积 Leaf area
淀粉类型Starch type	0.042	0.185	0.568	0.144	0.442	0.661	0.217
胚乳质地Endosperm texture	0.046	0.011	0.007	0.095	0.368	0.072	0.348
淀粉类型×胚乳质地 Starch type×endosperm texture	0.750	0.407	0.809	0.776	0.210	0.221	0.373

淀粉类型 Starch type	胚乳质地 Endosperm texture	株高 Plant height (m)	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	穗柄长 Peduncle length (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
粳Nonwaxy	角质	1.85±0.21bB	23.73±4.31aA	1.72±0.32aA	36.23±3.98bA	554.80±74.39aA
	中等粉质	1.76±0.18bAB	21.95±2.86aA	1.70±0.26aA	35.03±5.15abA	551.68±122.36aA
	粉质	1.53±0.39aA	21.27±3.29aA	1.76±0.27aA	31.24±6.06aA	549.22±118.76aA
糯Waxy	角质	1.85±0.24bB	22.13±2.53aA	1.62±0.21aA	36.48±4.18aA	516.58±64.95aA
	中等粉质	1.64±0.09aA	21.33±1.53aA	1.86±0.23aA	29.83±2.46aA	572.58±95.51aA
	粉质	1.51±0.05aA	18.50±3.54aA	1.48±0.04aA	33.80±6.65aA	418.80±55.26aA