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作物杂志,2024, 第6期: 186–193 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.025

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶锈病不同危害等级下咖啡叶片的光合特征和抗逆性酶比较

付兴飞1,2(), 李亚麒1, 喻好好1, 李贵平1, 毕晓菲1, 李亚男1, 胡发广1(), 邰杰3   

  1. 1云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所，678000，云南保山
    2保山市隆阳区佐园咖啡有限公司，678000，云南保山
    3保山市隆阳区经济作物技术推广站，678000，云南保山
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27 修回日期:2024-04-11 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 胡发广，主要从事热带亚热带经济作物有害生物综合防控研究，E-mail：hfg2632@126.com
  • 作者简介:付兴飞，研究方向为热带亚热带经济作物有害生物综合防控，E-mail：1161003575@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅科技计划项目农业联合专项(202301BD070001-076);保山市科技计划项目(2022zc01)

Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resistant Enzymes in Coffee Leaves under Different Levels of Leaf Rust Damage

Fu Xingfei1,2(), Li Yaqi1, Yu Haohao1, Li Guiping1, Bi Xiaofei1, Li Yanan1, Hu Faguang1(), Tai Jie3   

  1. 1Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000,Yunnan, China
    2Baoshan Longyang District Zuoyuan Coffee Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
    3Baoshan Longyang Economic Crop Technology Promotion Station, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2024-02-27 Revised:2024-04-11 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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摘要：

为探讨小粒咖啡侵染叶锈病后的生理生化变化，对8个叶锈病危害等级下叶片的落叶率（LF）、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、光合参数及4种抗逆性酶活性进行测定，分析叶锈病不同危害等级对咖啡叶片生理落叶、光合作用及抗逆性的影响。结果表明，LF随着叶锈病感染面积的增加而增加，SPAD随着叶锈病感染面积的增加先升高后降低。危害等级Ⅲ的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）最大，危害等级Ⅶ的胞间CO2摩尔分数（Ci）最大。危害等级0的水分利用率（EWU）最高，与危害等级Ⅰ间差异不显著，但显著高于危害等级Ⅱ~Ⅶ。危害等级Ⅳ的光能利用率（LUE）最高，与危害等级Ⅱ和Ⅲ间差异不显著，但显著高于其余5个危害等级的。危害等级0~Ⅵ下超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不明显；受咖啡叶锈病感染后，均能一定程度提高过氧化物酶活性；几丁质酶（CHT）和β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶（β-1, 3-GA）的活性均随危害等级的增加先升高后降低，在危害等级Ⅲ下CHT和β-1, 3-GA的活性最大。综合分析表明，危害等级Ⅲ下咖啡叶片具有更高的光合作用和抗逆性，落叶相对较少。

关键词: 叶锈病, 落叶率, 光合特征, 抗逆性酶, 小粒咖啡

Abstract:

In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes of Coffea arabica after infected by leaf rust, the leaf defoliation rate (LF), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic parameters, and four stress resistant enzyme activities were measured to analyze the effects of different levels of coffee leaf rust on physiological defoliation, photosynthesis, and stress resistance of coffee leaves under eight levels of leaf rust. The results showed that the LF increased with the increase of coffee leaf rust infection area, and SPAD first increased and then decreased with the increase of leaf rust infection area. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate of coffee leaves (Tr) were the highest at damage level III. The intercellular CO2 molar fraction of coffee leaves was highest at damage level VII. The water use efficiency (EWU) was highest at hazard level 0, and there was no significant difference between it and hazard level I, but it was significantly higher than levels II-VII. The light energy utilization efficiency (LUE) of hazard level IV was the highest, which was not significantly different from hazard levels II and III, but significantly higher than the other five hazard levels. The change in superoxide dismutase activity was not significant in hazard levels 0-VI. After being infected with coffee leaf rust, the activity of peroxidase could be increased to a certain extent; chitinase (CHT) and β-1, 3-glucanase (β-1, 3-GA) activities of all increased first and then decreased with the increase of hazard level. The activities of CHT, β-1, 3-GA were highest at hazard level III. Comprehensive analysis showed that under hazard level III, coffee leaves had higher photosynthesis and stress resistance, with relatively fewer fallen leaves.

Key words: Leaf rust, Fallen leaf rate, Photosynthetic characteristics, Resistant enzyme, Coffea arabica

图1

叶锈病危害等级划分标准

图2

不同危害等级下咖啡落叶率 不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

图3

不同危害等级下的SPAD

表1

不同危害等级下咖啡叶片的光合参数

危害等级
Damage level		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μmol/mol)		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 EWU
(mmol/mol)		 LUE
(mol/mmol)
0 9.50±1.88cd 0.08±0.01c 230.90±27.27c 1.43±0.23c 6.82±1.28a 1.14±0.26bc
Ⅰ 15.58±2.14ab 0.14±0.03b 223.78±21.09c 3.17±0.53b 5.31±0.55ab 1.51±0.17bc
Ⅱ 14.75±2.14bc 0.16±0.02b 243.00±27.88c 3.73±0.49b 4.34±0.72bc 1.56±0.33abc
Ⅲ 20.65±3.48a 0.23±0.03a 267.44±27.04bc 5.56±0.48a 4.02±0.78bc 1.88±0.24ab
Ⅳ 11.74±2.13bc 0.14±0.01b 273.60±19.55bc 3.96±0.40b 2.89±0.44cd 3.33±1.62a
Ⅴ 11.49±1.51bcd 0.13±0.02b 252.70±21.44c 3.77±0.46b 3.20±0.45cd 1.14±0.21bc
Ⅵ 6.08±1.16d 0.13±0.02b 326.44±13.05b 4.23±0.46b 1.52±0.25de 0.48±0.10bc
Ⅶ 0.20±0.10e 0.13±0.01b 438.00±12.22a 4.15±0.37b 0.05±0.03e 0.02±0.01c

图4

不同危害等级下SOD的活性

图5

不同危害等级下POD活性

图6

不同危害等级下CHT活性

图7

不同危害等级下β-1, 3-GA活性

图8

咖啡叶片光合作用与抗逆性酶各指标的相关性分析 “*”表示达显著相关水平（P < 0.05）。

表2

不同危害等级下咖啡叶片的综合得分

危害等级
Damage
level		 主成分得分
Score of principal components		 综合得分
Comprehensive
score		 排序
Rank
PC1 PC2
0 1.17 -3.99 -0.65 6
Ⅰ 1.56 -0.85 0.53 4
Ⅱ 1.73 0.16 0.96 2
Ⅲ 1.93 2.94 1.94 1
Ⅳ 1.19 1.03 0.95 3
Ⅴ -0.21 0.20 -0.04 5
Ⅵ -2.11 0.47 -0.95 7
Ⅶ -5.23 0.03 -2.74 8
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