施氮量对黑小麦物质运转与蛋白质含量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示不同黑小麦品种物质运转差异，明确最佳施氮量，于2019-2020年在山西晋中地区开展大田试验，研究0、180、240、300 kg/hm² 4个施氮量对冬黑1号和紫麦8555植株物质运转与籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，冬黑1号在施氮240 kg/hm²和紫麦8555施氮180 kg/hm²时显著增加成熟期干物质量、花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒贡献率、花后氮素积累量及其对籽粒贡献率，提高氮素吸收利用能力。与其他施氮量相比，冬黑1号在施氮240 kg/hm²时显著提高了穗数和千粒重，增产12%~56%，产量达7691.76 kg/hm²；紫麦8555施氮180 kg/hm²时显著提高了千粒重，增产12%~50%，产量达7283.90 kg/hm²。冬黑1号施氮240 kg/hm²时显著提高了球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量，提高清蛋白含量，提高籽粒蛋白质含量4.0%~18.4%；紫麦8555施氮180 kg/hm²时显著提高了清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量，提高谷蛋白含量，提高籽粒蛋白质含量3.3%~8.9%。本试验条件下冬黑1号施氮240 kg/hm²、紫麦8555施氮180 kg/hm²可实现产量与籽粒蛋白质含量的同步提升。

关键词: 黑小麦, 施氮量, 干物质运转, 氮素运转, 蛋白质含量

Abstract:

An experiment was carried out in Jinzhong, Shanxi in 2019-2020 to determine the ideal nitrogen application rate and to demonstrate the differences in the matter transfer of several black wheat varieties. The study examined the effects of four nitrogen application rates (0, 180, 240, and 300 kg/ha) on the plant matter transfer and grain protein contents of Donghei 1 (DH1) and Zimai 8555 (ZM8555). The results indicated that applying 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 and 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 significantly increased the dry matter amount at maturity, post-flowering dry matter accumulation, and its contribution to grain, post-flowering nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to grain, and enhanced the ability of nitrogen absorption and utilization. Compared to other nitrogen applications, the application of 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of spikes and 1000-grain weight, as well as a yield increase of 12%-56%, reaching up to 7691.76 kg/ha. Similarly, applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 led to a significant increase in 1000-grain weight and a yield increase of 12%-50%, reaching up to 7283.90 kg/ha. Application of 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 resulted in a significant increase in globulin, gliadin, and glutelin contents. It also led to an increase in albumin content and protein content by 4.0%-18.4%. Similarly, applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 significantly increased the contents of albumin, globulin, and gliadin proteins, it also increased glutelin content, protein content was increased by 3.3%-8.9%. In the experiment, applying 240 kg/ha of nitrogen to DH1 and 180 kg/ha of nitrogen to ZM8555 resulted in a simultaneous improvement in both yield and grain protein contents.

Key words: Black wheat, Nitrogen application rate, Dry matter transfer, Nitrogen translocation, Protein content

米东明, 周佐艳, 张晓妍, 范振杰, 孙培杰, 黄潇, 任爱霞, 孙敏, 任永康. 施氮量对黑小麦物质运转与蛋白质含量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (2): 155–161

Mi Dongming, Zhou Zuoyan, Zhang Xiaoyan, Fan Zhenjie, Sun Peijie, Huang Xiao, Ren Aixia, Sun Min, Ren Yongkang. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Matter Transfer and Protein Content in Black Wheat[J]. Crops, 2025(2): 155–161

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	花前干物质Dry matter before flowering			花后干物质Dry matter after flowering
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	转运量 Transfer amount (kg/hm²)	转运效率 Transfer efficiency (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)	积累量 Accmulation amount (kg/hm²)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)
DH1	N0	2356.38d	21.43a	49.90a	2466.47d	50.10c
	N180	2533.65c	21.11a	40.22b	3765.05c	59.78b
	N240	2804.59a	21.90a	36.46c	4887.17a	63.54a
	N300	2708.23b	21.83a	39.35b	4174.75b	60.65b
ZM8555	N0	2399.95d	22.99ab	49.53a	2445.61d	50.47c
	N180	2716.57c	21.59b	37.30c	4567.33a	62.70a
	N240	2796.36b	23.72a	42.86b	3728.71c	57.14b
	N300	2844.33a	23.34a	42.82b	3798.73b	57.18b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	花前氮素NTA		花后氮素NAA
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	积累量 Accmulation amount (kg/hm²)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)	积累量 Accmulation amount (kg/hm²)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain (%)
DH1	N0	50.61c	45.69a	60.14d	54.31c
	N180	63.07b	39.12b	98.14c	60.88b
	N240	75.13a	36.68c	129.72a	63.32a
	N300	63.95b	36.89c	109.41b	63.11a
ZM8555	N0	69.49c	57.50a	51.35d	42.50d
	N180	58.34d	29.49d	139.48a	70.51a
	N240	52.68b	31.09c	116.76b	68.91b
	N300	65.64b	37.61b	108.91c	62.39c

品种Variety	处理Treatment	穗数Spike number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数Grains per spike	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	产量Yield (kg/hm²)
DH1	N0	396.83d	33.95a	30.94c	4922.85d
	N180	458.94b	34.80a	34.19b	6298.70c
	N240	507.38a	33.83a	36.69a	7691.76a
	N300	445.51c	35.01a	35.04ab	6882.98b
ZM8555	N0	395.26d	33.01c	27.51c	4845.56d
	N180	456.04c	34.41b	34.82a	7283.90a
	N240	496.58a	33.83bc	33.71b	6525.07c
	N300	472.31b	35.99a	33.62b	6643.06b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	氮素利用效率 NUE (kg/kg)	氮素吸收效率 NUPE (kg/kg)	氮肥农学利用效率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg/kg)	氮素收获指数 NHI
DH1	N0	－	－	－	－	－
	N180	29.73a	1.19a	8.20b	34.99a	0.76a
	N240	26.10b	1.23a	11.95a	32.05b	0.70ab
	N300	25.41c	0.90b	6.87c	22.94c	0.64b
ZM8555	N0	－	－	－	－	－
	N180	26.07b	1.55a	13.55a	40.47a	0.71b
	N240	28.42a	0.96b	7.00b	27.19b	0.74a
	N300	24.84c	0.89c	5.99c	22.14c	0.65c

品种Variety	处理Treatment	清蛋白Albumin	球蛋白Globulin	醇溶蛋白Gliadin	谷蛋白Glutelin	蛋白质含量Protein content
DH1	N0	1.41b	1.29c	5.68c	3.38c	12.82b
	N180	2.37a	1.54b	5.87b	3.93b	14.59ab
	N240	2.47a	1.70a	6.21a	4.06a	15.18a
	N300	2.44a	1.55b	5.91b	3.90b	14.36ab
ZM8555	N0	1.14d	1.12c	6.20c	4.38b	14.22b
	N180	1.99a	1.42a	6.53a	4.76a	15.48a
	N240	1.82c	1.24bc	6.36b	4.70a	14.80ab
	N300	1.91b	1.27b	6.36b	4.71a	14.98a