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作物杂志,2025, 第2期: 207–214 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.028

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭耦合芽孢杆菌对小白菜根际养分及细菌群落的影响

李启彪1,2(), 张雪姣1,2, 徐磊1,2, 胡永华1, 徐志军1,2()   

  1. 1中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站，524000，广东湛江
    2广东省省级现代农业耕地保育与节水农业产业技术研发中心，524000，广东湛江
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-26 修回日期:2024-08-22 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 徐志军
  • 作者简介:李启彪，主要从事热带地区农田地力提升研究，E-mail：li-qibiao@catas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金(321QN348);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630102023002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630102023001)

Effects of Biochar Combined with Bacillus on Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Pakchoi

Li Qibiao1,2(), Zhang Xuejiao1,2, Xu Lei1,2, Hu Yonghua1, Xu Zhijun1,2()   

  1. 1Zhanjiang Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
    2Guangdong Modern Agriculture Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-Saving Agriculture Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2024-08-22 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16
  • Contact: Xu Zhijun

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摘要：

为明确生物炭基菌肥对小白菜种植土壤肥力及根际细菌多样性的影响，采用盆栽培养试验，研究空白对照（CK）、无菌培养基对照（SM）、生物炭对照（BC）、特基拉芽孢杆菌菌液（BT）、生物炭耦合特基拉芽孢杆菌（BTBC）5个处理下小白菜生长指标、土壤肥力及根际细菌组成。结果表明，BTBC处理下小白菜鲜重显著高于CK、SM、BC、BT处理，增幅分别为161.7%、49.9%、10.7%和12.1%；BTBC处理较CK显著提高了土壤的pH、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质及阳离子交换量，提高幅度分别为16.7%、10.1%、31.7%、41.4%和23.7%。BTBC处理显著增加了根际细菌群落的丰度与多样性，较BT处理更有效促进了特基拉芽孢杆菌在土壤中的定殖，并提高了与土壤碳氮循环相关的黄色土壤杆菌属、出芽单胞菌属、慢生根瘤菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属的丰度。因此，生物炭耦合芽孢杆菌可有效提高土壤肥力与根际促生细菌丰度，有更好的促生增产效果。

关键词: 小白菜, 根际促生菌, 炭基菌肥, 固氮, 冗余分析

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of biochar-based biofertilizer on the soil nutrients and rhizosphere bacterial diversity of Brassica rapa L. var. Shanghaiqing, a pot cultivation experiment was conducted. The growth indicators, soil fertility, and rhizosphere bacterial composition of pakchoi under five treatments, namely blank control (CK), sterile culture medium control (SM), biochar control (BC), Bacillus tequilensis bacterial solution (BT), and biochar combined with B.tequilensis treatment (BTBC), were studied. The results showed that the fresh weight of pakchoi under the BTBC treatment was significantly higher than that under CK, SM, BC, and BT treatments, with the increases of 161.7%, 49.9%, 10.7%, and 12.1%, respectively. Compared to the CK, the BTBC treatment significantly increased soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter and cation exchange capacity, with the increases of 16.7%, 10.1%, 31.7%, 41.4%, and 23.7%, respectively. BTBC treatment significantly increased the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Compared with the BT treatment, it was more effective in promoting the colonization of B.tequilensis in soil and enhancing the abundances of Flavisolibacter, Gemmatimanadales, Bradyrhizobium, and Sphingomonas, which were related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Therefore, the biochar combined with Bacillus can effectively improve the soil fertility and rhizosphere bacteria abundance, resulting in better growth promotion and yield increase.

Key words: Pakchoi, Plant growth promoted rhizobacteria, Biochar-based biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixation, RDA analysis

图1

原始生物炭（BC）与特基拉芽孢杆菌耦合生物炭（BTBC）的形貌结构

图2

不同保存时间下生物炭上菌体的存活性能

表1

BC和BTBC的化学组成与表面结构

处理
Treatment		 总碳
Total
carbon (%)		 总氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 总磷
Total phosphorus
(g/kg)		 总钾
Total K
(g/kg)		 pH 比表面积
Specific surface
area (m2/g)		 孔体积
Pore volume
(cm3/g)
BC 21.82 4.6 0.34 24.9 7.56 11.29 0.032
BTBC 17.31 6.9 1.94 20.9 7.22 3.66 0.016

图3

不同处理对小白菜生长的影响

图4

不同处理对土壤养分的影响

图5

不同处理对根际细菌多样性的影响

图6

不同处理对根际细菌群落组成的影响

图7

优势菌属与环境因子的冗余分析 OM：有机质，CEC：阳离子交换量，AN：碱解氮，AP：有效磷，AK：速效钾；Sph：鞘氨醇单胞菌属，Mas：马赛菌属，Bur：副伯克霍尔德氏菌属，Fla：黄色土壤杆菌属，Bry：苔藓杆菌属，Tep：中高温球形菌属，Sci：伯克霍尔德氏菌，Bra：慢生根瘤菌属，Gem：出芽单胞菌属，Muc：黏液杆菌属，Ram：沙壤土杆菌属，Cau：Candidatus_Udaeobacter属，Nit：硝化螺菌属，Bac：芽孢杆菌属，Cas：Candidatus_Solibacter属。

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