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作物杂志,2026, 第4期: 67–75 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.04.008

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗倒伏甘蓝型油菜茎秆强度分析与应用研究

田正书1(), 洪才英1,2(), 张玉松1, 罗延青1, 符明联1, 李劲峰1()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/云南省草本油料作物遗传改良重点实验室， 650205， 云南昆明
    2 云南大学农学院， 650504， 云南昆明
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 李劲峰
  • 作者简介:田正书，主要从事油菜种质资源创制及遗传育种研究，E-mail：ZS_tian2017@163.com；|洪才英为共同第一作者，主要从事油菜茎秆强度QTL定位研究，E-mail：2321978608@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YDF1201400);国家自然科学基金(32460495);云南省农业联合专项(202401 BD070001-083);优势特色作物品种提升及转化利用专项

Analysis and Application of Stem Strength in Lodging-Resistant Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Tian Zhengshu1(), Hong Caiying1,2(), Zhang Yusong1, Luo Yanqing1, Fu Minglian1, Li Jinfeng1()   

  1. 1 Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Herbal Oil Crops, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
    2 College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-09-29 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-11
  • Contact: Li Jinfeng

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摘要：

以抗倒伏油菜ZS11和抗倒伏能力较弱的短生育期油菜种质为材料，研究不同材料间倒伏程度与茎秆强度相关性状差异，分析高强度茎秆形成的可能原因。结果表明，22份短生育期核心种质材料倒伏程度差异显著；其中，18XS172倒伏程度值最小，抗倒伏能力最好，但仍显著低于ZS11。18XS172茎秆穿刺强度和茎秆纤维素含量从终花期开始显著低于ZS11。与18XS172相比，ZS11的纤维素含量从蕾薹期到终花期持续增长，到终花期达到峰值且增长速率明显高于18XS172，推测ZS11茎秆纤维素含量有一个快速且长时间的积累期，可能是导致ZS11茎秆纤维素含量在终花期后显著高于18XS172的内在原因。同时，创制并筛选出24TS624-3和24TS496-3共2份优异种质材料，实现了短生育期、高茎秆强度与高含油量的协同，可直接作为亲本运用到短生育期油菜抗倒伏改良中。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 茎秆强度, 纤维素含量, 木质素含量, 种质创制

Abstract:

Using the lodging resistant rapeseed ZS11 and short-growth-duration rapeseed germplasm with weak lodging resistance as materials, this study investigated differences in lodging degree and stem strength-related traits among different materials and analyzed the possible reasons for the formation of high stem strength. The results showed that there were significant differences in the lodging degree among 22 core germplasm materials with short-growth-duration. Among them, 18XS172 had the lowest lodging degree and the best lodging resistance, but it was still significantly lower than ZS11. The stem puncture strength and stem cellulose content of 18XS172 were significantly lower than those of ZS11 from the final flowering stage onward. Compared with 18XS172, the cellulose content of ZS11 increased continuously from the budding stage to the final flowering stage, reaching a peak at the final flowering stage with a significantly higher accumulation rate. These results suggest that ZS11 has a rapid and prolonged period of cellulose accumulation, which may be the primary reason for its superior stem strength and lodging resistance. Furthermore, two excellent germplasm materials, 24TS624-3 and 24TS496-3, were developed and identified. These materials combine a short growth duration, high stem strength, and high oil content. They can be directly used as parental materials in breeding programs aimed at improving lodging resistance in short-growth-duration rapeseed.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Stem strength, Cellulose content, Lignin content, Germplasm development

图1

不同材料倒伏程度比较分析 不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平下差异显著，下同。

图2

不同核心种质材料与ZS11农艺性状的比较分析

图3

不同时期ZS11和18XS172的RPR比较 “**”表示在P < 0.01水平下差异极显著，ns代表差异不显著，下同。

图4

不同时期ZS11和18XS172的茎秆纤维素和木质素含量比较

图5

不同时期ZS11和18XS172的茎秆纤维素和木质素含量增长速率比较

图6

不同部位纤维素和木质素含量相关性分析 “*”表示在P < 0.05水平下差异显著。

图7

不同时期ZS11和18XS172的叶片和叶柄纤维素和木质素含量比较分析

表1

创制的高茎秆强度新种质材料相关农艺性状分析

编号
Number		 生育期
Growth period (d)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 每角粒数
Seed number per pod		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 含油量
Oil content (%)		 茎秆穿刺强度
RPR (N)
24TS496-1 179 158.67 4.19 33.40 5748.30 44.41 36.80
24TS496-2 180 158.41 4.05 33.90 5435.10 43.62 37.50
24TS496-3 177 160.54 3.98 34.30 5524.20 45.64 37.70
24TS624-1 182 158.33 4.53 34.10 6004.80 45.36 43.20
24TS624-2 183 159.47 4.65 33.70 6355.80 45.83 42.10
24TS624-3 180 161.20 4.34 34.80 6690.60 46.25 41.40
ZS11 196.5±1.30** 170.00±0.84** 4.25±0.07** 23.80±0.68** 6450.30±307.80** 40.73±0.77** 37.41±6.96**
18XS172 179.0±0.63 156.33±1.66 4.71±0.12 44.50±0.81 8424.00±248.40 34.65±0.99 26.01±6.78
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