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作物杂志,2026, 第4期: 188–198 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.04.022

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源褪黑素通过调控根系形态和生理特征促进干旱胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长

邓绍珠1(), 褚霈宇2, 周伟鑫3, 陈训琦1, 卢敏嘉1, 姚玉波4, 宋秋来5, 梁喜龙1, 王孟雪1, 金喜军1()   

  1. 1 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院， 163319， 黑龙江大庆
    2 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院， 163319， 黑龙江大庆
    3 黑龙江省农垦科学院作物科学研究所， 154007， 黑龙江哈尔滨
    4 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所， 150086， 黑龙江哈尔滨
    5 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所， 150086， 黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-03 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 金喜军
  • 作者简介:邓绍珠，研究方向为作物逆境生理与分子调控，E-mail：1577705407@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK135-02-10)

Exogenous Melatonin Promotes the Growth of Adzuki Bean Seedlings under Drought Stress by Regulating Root Morphology and Physiological Characteristics

Deng Shaozhu1(), Chu Peiyu2, Zhou Weixin3, Chen Xunqi1, Lu Minjia1, Yao Yubo4, Song Qiulai5, Liang Xilong1, Wang Mengxue1, Jin Xijun1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    3 Crop Science Institute of Heilongjiang Reclamation Academy of Sciences, Harbin 154007, Heilongjiang, China
    4 Economic Crop Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    5 Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-02-03 Revised:2025-03-27 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-11
  • Contact: Jin Xijun

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摘要： 以红小豆品种珍珠红为供试材料，采用盆栽称重控水法模拟干旱环境，在幼苗2片复叶期开展试验。设置正常供水对照（CK，土壤含水量为田间持水量75%~80%）、干旱胁迫处理（D，土壤含水量为田间持水量45%~50%）和干旱胁迫下喷施100 μmol/L外源褪黑素处理（D+M），从根系形态建成与生理代谢特性角度，探究干旱条件下褪黑素调控红小豆幼苗生长的内在机制。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著抑制红小豆幼苗整体生长；相较于D处理，喷施外源褪黑素可显著改善根系生长，处理至20 d时幼苗根长、根体积和根干重分别提升57.53%、46.67%和87.95%。在第3、6和9天，根系超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活性显著增强，根系可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和果糖含量明显上升，蔗糖含量显著降低；同时幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积及根、茎、叶各器官干物质积累均得到显著提升。Mantel相关性分析显示，红小豆地上部光合能力、干物质积累及形态生长指标与根系形态、根系生理指标（蔗糖含量除外）均呈显著相关；随机森林分析进一步筛选得出，根系活力、根长和根体积是干旱环境下决定红小豆幼苗生长速率的主导因子。综上可知，干旱胁迫下外源褪黑素能够通过优化根系形态结构、调控根系抗氧化代谢与渗透调节、改变根系碳水化合物分配，进而改善地上部光合生长与干物质积累，有效缓解干旱造成的生长抑制，最终促进红小豆幼苗正常生长发育。

关键词: 红小豆, 干旱, 褪黑素, 根系形态, 根系生理, 抗旱性

Abstract:

Using adzuki bean variety Zhenzhuhong as the test material, a pot weighing water-control method was adopted to simulate drought conditions, and the experiment was carried out at the two compound leaves seedling stage. Three treatments were set up: normal water supply control (CK, soil water content maintained at 75%-80% of field capacity), drought stress treatment (D, soil water content at 45%-50% of field capacity), and drought stress combined with foliar spraying of 100 μmol/L exogenous melatonin (D+M). From the perspectives of root morphogenesis and physiological metabolism, this study explored the internal mechanism by which melatonin regulates the growth of adzuki bean seedlings under drought stress.The results showed that drought stress significantly inhibited the overall growth of adzuki bean seedlings. Compared with the D treatment, exogenous melatonin application significantly improved root growth. On the 20th day after treatment, root length, root volume and root dry weight increased by 57.53%, 46.67% and 87.95%, respectively. At three, six and nine days after treatment, the activities of root antioxidant enzymes including SOD, POD, CAT and APX were markedly enhanced; the contents of root soluble sugar, soluble protein and fructose increased obviously, while sucrose content decreased significantly. Meanwhile, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of seedlings were significantly increased. Mantel correlation analysis revealed that the aboveground photosynthetic capacity, dry matter accumulation and morphological growth indicators were significantly correlated with root morphology and root physiological indexes (excluding sucrose content). Random forest analysis further screened that root vitality, root length and root volume were the dominant factors determining the growth rate of adzuki bean seedlings under drought conditions. In conclusion, under drought stress, exogenous melatonin can optimize root morphological structure, regulate root antioxidant metabolism and osmotic adjustment, and modulate root carbohydrate partitioning. These modifications further improve aboveground photosynthetic growth and dry matter accumulation, effectively alleviate drought-induced growth inhibition, and ultimately promote the normal growth and development of adzuki bean seedlings.

Key words: Adzuki bean, Drought, Melatonin, Root morphology, Root physiology, Drought resistance

图1

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长的影响 不同小写字母在P < 0.05的水平上表示显著差异，下同。

图2

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆根系活力、关键抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响

图3

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆叶绿素含量和光合气体交换参数的影响

图4

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下红小豆根系碳代谢关键酶的影响

图5

根系形态和生理指标与地上部关键生长指标联合分析 “*”表示在P < 0.05水平上的相关性显著。RLen：根长，RDW：根干重，RVol：根体积，Suc：蔗糖，Fru：果糖，SSC：可溶性糖，SPC：可溶性蛋白，RVig：根系活力，Phei：株高，STh：茎粗，LA：叶面积，LDW：叶干重，SDW：茎干重，PM：形态，DM：干物质，Pho：光合。

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