氮肥用量及运筹对优良食味粳稻越光产量形成及根系形态的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决辽宁东南沿海地区主栽优质粳稻越光因氮素吸收特性不明及传统施肥技术粗放导致的“优而不丰”生产难题，采用大田与盆栽试验相结合的方法，设置农民传统施肥（TFM）与轻简高效施肥（SEM）2种模式，各模式下设立5个氮肥梯度（0、45、90、135和180 kg N/hm²）。大田试验系统观测产量形成与干物质积累分配；盆栽试验同步进行，重点解析根系形态与生理的调控效应。结果表明，SEM的实测拟合最高产量为7820.23 kg/hm²（施氮量120.29 kg/hm²），较TFM（7379.51 kg/hm²）显著增产5.97%；此品种在当地常规施氮量（100 kg/hm²）下，SEM产量（7777.02 kg/hm²）亦较TFM增产5.41%。增产主要源于SEM优化了穗部性状，其一次与二次枝梗的粒数、千粒重及着粒密度均显著提高，从而实现了穗粒数与千粒重的协同增加。SEM显著促进了中后期根系发育与生理活性，根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积显著扩大。SEM通过优化施氮量（约120 kg/hm²）和“前控后促”的氮肥运筹，有效增强了越光生育中后期的根系活力与物质生产能力，从而实现了产量潜力的充分发挥，为辽东地区优质粳稻的绿色高产高效栽培提供了理论依据与技术方案。

关键词: 优质粳稻, 施氮量, 轻简高效施肥, 根系形态, 产量

Abstract:

To address the persistent production challenge of “high quality but low yield” in the premium japonica rice cultivar Koshihikari, caused by unclear nitrogen (N) uptake characteristics and the use of extensive traditional fertilization practices in the southeastern coastal region of Liaoning Province, a combination of field and pot experiments was conducted. Two fertilization regimes were established: traditional farmer management (TFM) and simplified and efficient fertilization (SEM), each with five nitrogen application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N/ha). The field experiment systematically evaluated yield formation and dry matter accumulation and partitioning, while the pot experiment focused on analyzing the regulatory effects on root morphology and physiology. The results showed that the maximum fitted yield under SEM was 7820.23 kg/ha at an optimal nitrogen rate of 120.29 kg/ha, which was significantly higher (5.97%) than that under TFM (7379.51 kg/ha). Under the local conventional nitrogen application rate (100 kg/ha), SEM achieved a yield of 7777.02 kg/ha, which was 5.41% higher than that of TFM. The yield increase was mainly attributed to the optimization of panicle traits under SEM, which significantly increased the grain number per primary and secondary branch, 1000-grain weight, and grain density, thereby achieving a synergistic increase in both grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. SEM significantly promoted root development and physiological activity during the mid-to-late growth stages. The total and active absorption areas of roots were significantly enlarged. In conclusion, by optimizing the nitrogen application rate (approximately 120 kg/ha) and adopting a “controlled in the early stage and promoted in the late stage” nitrogen management strategy, SEM effectively enhanced root activity and dry matter production capacity during the mid-to-late growth period of Koshihikari, thereby fully realizing its yield potential. This study provides a theoretical basis and a technical solution for green, high-yield, and high-efficiency cultivation of premium japonica rice in the Liaodong region.

Key words: High-quality japonica rice, Nitrogen application rate, Simplified and efficient fertilization, Root morphology, Yield

许芸菲, 贾浩杨, 李叶彤, 曹瑞, 高梓淇, 赵喆, 陈立强, 梁潇. 氮肥用量及运筹对优良食味粳稻越光产量形成及根系形态的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (4): 117–128

Xu Yunfei, Jia Haoyang, Li Yetong, Cao Rui, Gao Ziqi, Zhao Zhe, Chen Liqiang, Liang Xiao. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Management on Yield Formation and Root Morphology of High-Quality Japonica Rice Cultivar Koshihikari[J]. Crops, 2026(4): 117–128

图/表 11

表1

表2

图1

表3

表4

图2

图3

表5

不同施肥方式及施氮量对越光根系生物量与根冠比的影响（齐穗期、灌浆期）

时期 Stage	施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	根干重（g/穴）Root dry weight (g/hill)				根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
时期 Stage	施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	>30 cm	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
齐穗期 Full heading stage	TFM	N₀	2.16±0.03d	1.22±0.01d	0.54±0.01d	0.10±0.00d	0.14±0.01c
齐穗期 Full heading stage		N₄₅	2.35±0.02c	1.47±0.01b	0.67±0.01b	0.20±0.01b	0.21±0.01a
		N₉₀	2.76±0.01a	1.49±0.03b	0.69±0.01ab	0.25±0.01a	0.17±0.02b
		N₁₃₅	2.41±0.04b	1.59±0.02a	0.71±0.01a	0.27±0.02a	0.15±0.01c
		N₁₈₀	2.36±0.03c	1.31±0.01c	0.62±0.01c	0.13±0.01c	0.14±0.01c
		平均	2.41±0.15^b	1.42±0.09^b	0.65±0.03^b	0.19±0.03^b	0.16±0.02^b
	SEM	N₀	2.13±0.02d	1.23±0.02c	0.52±0.02e	0.08±0.00e	0.14±0.00c
		N₄₅	2.42±0.03c	1.56±0.01b	0.72±0.01c	0.36±0.02b	0.25±0.01a
		N₉₀	3.16±0.04b	1.59±0.04b	0.79±0.04b	0.42±0.01a	0.20±0.01b
		N₁₃₅	3.57±0.03a	2.31±0.02a	0.82±0.01a	0.31±0.01c	0.19±0.02b
		N₁₈₀	3.22±0.01b	1.48±0.04b	0.65±0.01d	0.27±0.01d	0.15±0.01c
		平均	2.90±0.14^a	1.63±0.10^a	0.70±0.02^a	0.29±0.04^a	0.19±0.02^a
	F_F		56.23^**	12.14^**	51.22^**	47.69^**	72.30^**
	F_N		103.21^**	123.06^**	315.29^**	89.76^**	58.27^**
	F_F×N		16.27^**	2.12ns	0.79ns	21.09^**	1.03ns
灌浆期 Grain filling stage	TFM	N₀	1.73±0.02c	0.64±0.03d	0.20±0.01d	0.01±0.00d	0.07±0.00c
灌浆期 Grain filling stage		N₄₅	1.74±0.03c	1.50±0.02a	0.40±0.02b	0.13±0.00a	0.12±0.00a
		N₉₀	2.35±0.02b	1.52±0.01a	0.70±0.01a	0.06±0.00b	0.09±0.00b
		N₁₃₅	2.70±0.07a	1.32±0.02b	0.40±0.01b	0.03±0.00c	0.08±0.00c
		N₁₈₀	1.54±0.19c	0.77±0.03c	0.27±0.01c	0.02±0.00cd	0.06±0.00d
		平均	2.01±0.12^b	1.15±0.10^a	0.39±0.05^a	0.05±0.01^b	0.08±0.00^b
	SEM	N₀	1.79±0.02d	0.63±0.03d	0.19±0.01d	0.01±0.00d	0.07±0.01d
		N₄₅	1.87±0.02d	1.07±0.07c	0.44±0.07c	0.31±0.01a	0.14±0.05a
		N₉₀	2.82±0.03b	1.38±0.03b	0.65±0.01b	0.32±0.02a	0.10±0.04b
		N₁₃₅	3.14±0.04a	1.68±0.04a	0.78±0.03a	0.10±0.01b	0.09±0.04c
		N₁₈₀	2.56±0.03c	1.11±0.06c	0.41±0.01c	0.05±0.00c	0.07±0.03d
		平均	2.44±0.14^a	1.17±0.09^a	0.39±0.06^a	0.16±0.03^a	0.09±0.00^a
	F_F		91.51^**	0.87ns	1.52ns	655.76^**	3.17ns
	F_N		105.96^**	170.68^**	141.87^**	382.65^**	547.69^**
	F_F×N		14.47^**	35.50^**	29.51^**	129.29^**	45.48^**

表5

表6

不同施肥方式及施氮量对越光根系形态的影响

时期 Stage	施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	最大根长 Maximum root length (cm)	总根长 Total root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根系总体积 Root volume (m³)
齐穗期Full heading stage	TFM	N₀	34.27±0.46c	1042.00±10.02d	597.00±5.13e	13.21±0.22e
		N₄₅	41.30±0.72b	1268.67±17.15c	743.00±7.00d	14.07±0.15d
		N₉₀	47.23±0.35a	1475.33±17.07a	849.00±6.56b	16.53±0.28b
		N₁₃₅	45.70±0.29a	1346.67±13.54b	889.33±8.11a	17.60±0.35a
		N₁₈₀	41.63±0.26b	1284.67±8.01bc	791.33±5.49c	15.13±0.09c
		平均	42.03±1.22^b	1283.47±38.02^b	773.93±27.24^b	15.31±0.44^b
	SEM	N₀	34.23±0.19c	1052.67±27.42e	601.33±6.17e	13.02±0.15e
		N₄₅	44.67±0.26b	1351.00±16.64d	864.67±3.84d	16.30±0.23d
		N₉₀	52.40±0.55a	1785.33±31.65b	922.00±10.60b	18.27±0.18b
		N₁₃₅	51.03±3.73a	2094.00±39.80a	1021.33±7.45a	20.43±0.45a
		N₁₈₀	43.33±0.41b	1605.00±35.09c	895.00±4.73c	17.13±0.15c
		平均	45.13±1.85^a	1577.60±96.15^a	860.87±37.51^a	17.03±0.66^a
F_F			9.15^*	417.37^**	416.58^**	113.82^**
F_N			28.50^**	275.48^**	795.26^**	152.72^**
F_F×N			1.61ns	79.97^**	29.03^**	9.97^**
灌浆期Grain filling stage	TFM	N₀	31.30±0.38e	802.13±6.79d	464.00±8.14d	9.31±0.53d
		N₄₅	35.63±0.26d	965.00±4.04c	555.00±11.79c	12.10±0.23c
		N₉₀	42.97±0.67a	1310.67±27.94b	647.33±15.06b	14.13±0.24b
		N₁₃₅	41.43±0.64b	1551.67±61.23a	768.00±10.58a	16.13±0.34a
		N₁₈₀	37.80±0.21c	1057.67±23.39c	583.00±4.73c	12.23±0.24c
		平均	37.83±1.13^b	1137.43±71.75^b	603.47±27.35^b	12.78±0.62^b
	SEM	N₀	31.73±0.34e	800.67±4.63e	480.00±10.44d	9.50±0.19d
		N₄₅	42.30±0.46c	996.33±16.90d	614.33±5.70c	13.37±0.38c
		N₉₀	46.97±0.27b	1484.33±32.20b	809.67±12.12b	15.70±0.29b
		N₁₃₅	51.40±0.32a	1891.33±17.17a	964.33±8.11a	17.86±0.22a
		N₁₈₀	38.47±0.93d	1216.67±76.90c	639.33±22.81c	14.21±0.17c
		平均	42.17±1.83^a	1277.87±103.15^a	701.53±45.21^a	14.13±0.75^a
F_F			184.58^**	40.39^**	161.91^**	48.16^**
F_N			278.16^**	213.64^**	304.12^**	168.57^**
F_F×N			32.21^**	3.12ns	20.00^**	2.57ns

表6

图4

图5

参考文献 34

[1]	Yang Z Y, Zhu Y M, Zhang J Y, et al. Comparison of energy use between fully mechanized and semi-mechanized rice production in Southwest China. Energy, 2022,245:123270.
[2]	胡群, 夏敏, 张洪程, 等. 氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43(3):420-431.
[3]	Ren D Y, Ding C Q, Qian Q. Molecular bases of rice grain size and quality for optimized productivity. Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(3):314-350. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.026
[4]	严如玉, 甘国渝, 赵希梅, 等. 我国水稻优势产区生产格局及施肥现状研究. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(3):1-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.001
[5]	中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(2024). 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2024.
[6]	张继宁, 王乐惠, 孙会峰, 等. 稻田施氮量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(1):130-139.
[7]	Yi J, Gao J P, Zhang W Z, et al. Delayed timing of tillering fertilizer improved grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in japonica rice. Crop Science, 2020, 60(2):1021-1033. doi: 10.1002/csc2.v60.2
[8]	Yi J, Gao J P, Zhang W Z, et al. Differential uptake and utilization of two forms of nitrogen in japonica rice cultivars from north-eastern China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019,10:1061.
[9]	余悦, 冉贵平, 皮利民. 植物氮信号感知与根系发育. 植物科学学报, 2024, 42(6):825-832.
[10]	白彦明, 汪军成, 陈明, 等. 植物氮素信号途径研究进展及在作物育种中的应用. 科技导报, 2025, 43(10):61-75. doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.12.01815
[11]	张小鹏, 宫彦龙, 闫秉春, 等. 抗倒酯对北方优质稻抗倒伏能力、产量和米质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(2):181-194. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210809
[12]	曹凤有. 黄海稻区优质米品种越光防倒伏栽培技术. 北方水稻, 2021, 51(2):52-53.
[13]	张文忠. 北方水稻氮肥轻简高效利用研究. 中国作物学会. 2019年中国作物学会学术年会论文摘要集, 2019:89.
[14]	何椿禹, 刘月月, 邵玺文, 等. 种植模式对水稻根系分布与氮素吸收的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2023, 42(11):58-66,82.
[15]	刘昆, 黄健, 周沈琪, 等. 穗肥施氮量对不同穗型超级稻品种产量的影响及其机制. 作物学报, 2022, 48(8):2028-2040. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12068
[16]	韩超, 许方甫, 卞金龙, 等. 淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2018, 44(11):1681-1693. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01681
[17]	雷振山, 李猛, 卫云飞, 等. 不同种植方式对豫南地区优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响. 河南农业科学, 2023, 52(2):12-20.
[18]	陈梦云, 李晓峰, 程金秋, 等. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12):1802-1816. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01802
[19]	Xiong Q Q, Tang G P, Zhong L, et al. Response to nitrogen deficiency and compensation on physiological characteristics, yield formation, and nitrogen utilization of rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018,9:1075.
[20]	郭保卫, 胡雅杰, 钱海军, 等. 秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5):511-518.
[21]	刘红江, 郭智, 张岳芳, 等. 移栽密度及氮肥投入量对水稻氮素利用效率的协同效应. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(12):3952-3960.
[22]	刘劲松, 伍龙梅, 包晓哲, 等. 短期减施氮肥对华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和稻米品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58 (8):1508-1520. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.004
[23]	张国忠, 李娟, 李毓才, 等. 氮肥减施与移栽密度对杂交粳稻滇禾优615产量和食味品质的影响. 作物杂志, 2023(3):109-115.
[24]	王振昌, 程鑫鑫, 谢毅, 等. 不同水肥模式对籼稻和粳稻抗倒伏性能的影响. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(9):108-118.
[25]	孙国才, 崔月峰, 卢铁钢, 等. 氮肥用量及前氮后移模式对水稻产量及品质的影响. 中国稻米, 2012, 18(5):49-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2012.05.014
[26]	剧成欣, 陈尧杰, 赵步洪, 等. 实地氮肥管理对不同氮响应粳稻品种产量和品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(3):237-246. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7102 237
[27]	马亮, 董立强, 杨铁鑫, 等. 基于灌浆期籽粒代谢产物解析氮肥后移对优质粳稻产量和品质的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(21):70-77.
[28]	严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 等. 不同土壤肥力条件下麦秆还田与氮肥运筹对杂交稻氮素利用、产量及米质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(1):56-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2015.01.007
[29]	陈晨, 龚海青, 金梦灿, 等. 不同供氮形态下水稻苗期磷吸收累积与根系形态的关系. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(2):167-175. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8059 168
[30]	董立强, 杨铁鑫, 李睿, 等. 株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(4):392-404. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221007
[31]	吴昊, 顾汉柱, 王琛, 等. 水稻根系与氮肥高效吸收利用关系研究进展. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(20):9-14.
[32]	法晓彤, 孟庆好, 王琛, 等. 水稻根系形态生理对干湿交替灌溉方式的响应研究进展. 作物杂志, 2024(6):1-8.
[33]	戢林, 李廷轩, 张锡洲, 等. 氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23):4770-4781. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.23.003
[34]	景秀, 周苗, 王晶, 等. 穗分化末期-灌浆初期干旱胁迫对优质食味粳稻根系形态和叶片光合特性的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(1):33-47. doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230804

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮处理 Nitrogen application treatment	基肥Base fertilizer		返青肥Green-returning fertilizer		分蘖肥Tillering fertilizer		穗肥Panicle fertilizer
施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮处理 Nitrogen application treatment	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	施用时间 Application time	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	施用时间 Application time	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	施用时间 Application time	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	施用时间 Application time
TFM	N₀	－	移栽前1 d	－	移栽后10 d	－	移栽后30 d	－	移栽后60 d
	N₄₅	22.50	移栽前1 d	9.00	移栽后10 d	9.00	移栽后30 d	4.50	移栽后60 d
	N₉₀	45.00	移栽前1 d	18.00	移栽后10 d	18.00	移栽后30 d	9.00	移栽后60 d
	N₁₃₅	67.50	移栽前1 d	27.00	移栽后10 d	27.00	移栽后30 d	13.50	移栽后60 d
	N₁₈₀	90.00	移栽前1 d	36.00	移栽后10 d	36.00	移栽后30 d	18.00	移栽后60 d
SEM	N₀	－	移栽前1 d	－	－	－	群体叶龄达10叶	－	群体叶龄达13叶
	N₄₅	16.20	移栽前1 d	－	－	10.80	群体叶龄达10叶	18.00	群体叶龄达13叶
	N₉₀	32.40	移栽前1 d	－	－	21.60	群体叶龄达10叶	36.00	群体叶龄达13叶
	N₁₃₅	48.60	移栽前1 d	－	－	32.40	群体叶龄达10叶	54.00	群体叶龄达13叶
	N₁₈₀	64.80	移栽前1 d	－	－	43.20	群体叶龄达10叶	72.00	群体叶龄达13叶

施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)
TFM	N₀	333.33±6.67c	76.58±1.80c	93.18±0.65a	25.55±0.11ab	6077.52±34.28d
	N₄₅	393.33±17.64bc	79.66±0.43c	94.83±0.57a	25.78±0.29a	7659.57±61.85c
	N₉₀	460.67±29.06a	80.80±0.03bc	93.63±0.33a	24.56±0.29c	8559.42±85.44b
	N₁₃₅	440.00±34.64ab	85.06±3.23ab	89.20±1.02b	24.45±0.51c	8162.47±57.20a
	N₁₈₀	400.33±24.04a	86.36±1.98a	88.37±0.26b	24.95±0.35bc	7623.00±76.56c
	平均	405.53±43.57^a	81.70±4.34^b	91.84±1.62^a	25.06±0.42^b	7616.40±274.47^b
SEM	N₀	335.33±40.83c	76.33±6.24c	91.94±0.70a	25.49±0.13a	6165.73±65.35e
	N₄₅	407.33±29.33c	82.70±2.06b	91.32±0.24a	26.24±0.10a	7933.68±158.29d
	N₉₀	444.67±26.44b	83.32±1.15a	91.03±0.72a	26.31±0.05a	8985.96±48.14c
	N₁₃₅	490.00±22.00a	87.96±1.70a	90.41±0.69a	26.04±0.15a	9941.75±82.06a
	N₁₈₀	473.33±26.44a	85.33±1.70ab	90.97±0.55a	25.89±0.12a	9210.86±106.15b
	平均	412.13±64.13^a	83.13±5.15^a	91.13±0.59^a	26.00±0.20^a	8447.30±372.95^a
F_F		1.54ns	6.68^*	3.16ns	32.21^**	87.97^**
F_N		15.19^**	16.58^**	13.32^**	2.40ns	194.53^**
F_F×N		8.59^**	3.95ns	8.35^**	4.28ns	12.59^**

施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	一次枝梗数 Number of primary branches per panicle	一次枝梗粒数 Number of grains per primary branch	一次枝梗结实率 Seed-setting rate of primary branches (%)	一次枝梗千粒重 1000-grain weight of primary branches (g)	一次枝梗着粒密度 Grains per centimeter of primary branches (/cm)
TFM	N₀	7.38±0.29b	49.53±0.88d	94.36±0.49b	26.46±0.18a	2.77±0.05d
	N₄₅	7.37±0.31b	51.20±0.50c	95.50±0.22a	26.91±0.17a	2.86±0.03c
	N₉₀	7.62±0.11ab	52.46±0.47c	95.41±0.15a	25.72±0.13b	2.93±0.03c
	N₁₃₅	8.17±0.23ab	54.78±0.48b	93.18±0.22c	25.71±0.43b	3.06±0.30b
	N₁₈₀	8.62±0.15a	56.53±0.39a	92.73±0.02c	25.17±0.32b	3.16±0.20a
	平均	7.83±0.16^a	52.90±0.70^b	94.24±0.32^a	25.99±0.19^b	2.96±0.04^b
SEM	N₀	7.60±0.33a	50.37±0.46d	94.46±0.16ab	26.41±0.07a	2.81±0.30c
	N₄₅	7.99±0.28a	51.91±0.49c	94.53±0.41ab	26.98±0.11a	2.90±0.30c
	N₉₀	8.16±0.53a	53.92±0.39b	94.94±0.09a	26.91±0.31a	3.05±0.20b
	N₁₃₅	8.33±0.49a	57.84±0.40a	94.25±0.15b	26.88±0.20a	3.17±0.20a
	N₁₈₀	8.43±0.36a	54.87±0.68b	94.06±0.32b	26.68±0.16a	3.23±0.20a
	平均	8.10±0.17^a	53.78±0.71^a	94.45±0.13^a	26.77±0.09^a	3.03±0.04^a
F_F		1.53ns	9.11^**	2.54ns	26.74^**	16.95^**
F_N		4.01^*	67.97^**	27.38^**	4.79^**	65.65^**
F_F×N		0.44ns	6.77^**	10.83^**	4.52^*	0.83ns

施肥方式 Fertilization method	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	二次枝梗数 Number of secondary branches per panicle	二次枝梗粒数 Number of grains per secondary branch	二次枝梗结实率 Seed-setting rate of secondary branches (%)	二次枝梗千粒重 1000-grain weight of secondary branches (g)	二次枝梗着粒密度 Grains per centimeter of secondary branches (/cm)
TFM	N₀	5.46±0.14b	23.85±0.58d	87.19±0.17c	24.39±0.12ab	1.33±0.03d
	N₄₅	6.23±0.59ab	26.21±0.86c	90.46±0.37a	24.70±0.27a	1.47±0.05c
	N₉₀	6.83±0.57ab	28.99±0.15b	88.81±0.19b	23.63±0.35bc	1.62±0.01b
	N₁₃₅	7.18±0.47a	29.12±0.13b	83.39±0.35d	23.41±0.23c	1.62±0.01b
	N₁₈₀	7.60±0.19a	30.45±0.31a	79.88±0.46e	23.85±0.33bc	1.70±0.02a
	平均	6.66±0.26^b	27.72±0.66^b	85.95±1.03^a	23.99±0.16^b	1.55±0.04^b
SEM	N₀	5.88±0.84c	23.49±0.34d	87.07±0.24a	24.47±0.32a	1.31±0.02d
	N₄₅	6.78±0.22bc	28.10±0.01c	86.33±0.22a	25.03±0.09a	1.57±0.01c
	N₉₀	8.13±0.53ab	30.15±0.40b	85.39±0.53b	25.01±0.38a	1.68±0.02b
	N₁₃₅	8.64±0.35a	32.87±0.25a	84.69±0.29bc	24.97±0.11a	1.83±0.01a
	N₁₈₀	9.17±0.11a	30.82±0.11b	84.20±0.47c	24.60±0.13a	1.72±0.01b
	平均	7.72±0.37^a	29.09±0.86^a	85.54±0.31^a	24.82±0.11^a	1.62±0.05^a
F_F		13.35^**	33.37^**	4.55^*	26.25^**	34.33^**
F_N		11.52^**	133.18^**	149.52^**	2.30ns	137.53^**
F_F×N		0.69ns	8.98^**	65.83^**	3.23^*	9.17^**