蚯蚓粪肥部分替代化肥对兰州百合光合特性、品质和产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.04.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以兰州百合为试验材料，采用田间试验法，施用100%化肥处理作为对照（CK），研究90%化肥配施9600 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪肥（T1）、80%化肥配施10 800 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪肥（T2）、70%化肥配施12 000 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪肥（T3）、60%化肥配施13 200 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪肥（T4）对兰州百合生长、光合特性、鳞茎品质和产量等多方面的影响。结果表明，蚯蚓粪肥部分替代化肥可在一定程度上促进兰州百合地上部与地下鳞茎的生长，T2处理显著提高了植株各生育期的株高、茎粗和叶片数，T3处理最有利于鳞茎的生长，相较于CK处理鳞茎直径和鲜重分别增加了4.65%和20.27%。蚯蚓粪肥部分替代化肥不同程度地提高了叶片的光合特性，植株叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度在T2处理下达到峰值，相较于CK处理分别提高了34.52%、37.20%和56.78%；胞间CO₂浓度在T3处理下达到峰值，相较于CK处理提高了30.43%，但与T2处理间无显著差异。蚯蚓粪肥部分替代化肥处理的鳞茎营养品质均优于CK处理，可溶性糖含量在T2处理下最高，相较于CK处理提高了29.82%；可溶性蛋白质、总酚和维生素C含量在T3处理下最高，相较于CK处理分别提高了45.80%、47.21%和53.59%；但总黄酮含量在各处理间无显著差异。综合来看，70%化肥配施12 000 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪肥处理可显著提高鳞茎的品质和产量，经济效益最好。

关键词: 兰州百合, 化肥, 蚯蚓粪, 光合特性, 鳞茎品质, 产量

Abstract:

Taking Lilium davidii var. willmottiae as the experimental material, using the field experiment method and applying 100% chemical fertilizer as the control (CK), we studied 90% chemical fertilizer combined with 9600 kg/ha earthworm manure (T1), 80% chemical fertilizer combined with 10 800 kg/ha earthworm manure (T2), 70% chemical fertilizer combined with 12 000 kg/ha earthworm manure (T3), 60% chemical fertilizer combined with 13 200 kg/ha earthworm manure (T4). The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, bulb quality and yield of L. davidii var. willmottiae were studied. The results showed that the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with earthworm manure could accelerate the growth of aboveground parts and underground bulbs of L. davidii var. willmottiae to some extent. T2 treatment significantly improved the plant height, stem diameter and leaf number at each growth stage, and T3 treatment was the most beneficial to the growth of bulbs, with the bulb diameter and fresh weight increased by 4.65% and 20.27% respectively compared with CK treatment. When earthworm manure partially replaced chemical fertilizer, the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were improved to varying degrees. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of plant leaves reached the peak under T2 treatment, which were increased by 34.52%, 37.20% and 56.78% respectively compared with CK treatment. The intercellular CO₂ concentration reached the peak under T3 treatment, which was 30.43% higher than CK treatment, but there was no significant difference between T3 and T2 treatments. The nutritional quality of bulbs treated with earthworm manure partially replacing chemical fertilizer was better than CK treatment, and the soluble sugar content was the highest under T2 treatment, which was 29.82% higher than that of the CK treatment. The contents of soluble protein, total phenol and vitamin C were the highest under T3 treatment, which were increased by 45.80%, 47.21% and 53.59% respectively compared with CK treatment. But there was no significant difference in the content of total flavonoids among the treatments. On the whole, 70% chemical fertilizer combined with 12 000 kg/ha earthworm manure treatment can significantly improve the quality and yield of bulbs, with the best economic benefits.

Key words: Lilium davidii var. willmottiae, Chemical fertilizer, Earthworm castings, Photosynthetic characteristics, Bulb quality, Yield

张卓, 聂江力, 邱晓坤, 宿珈嘉, 任俊涵, 刘广慧, 刘艳军, 裴毅. 蚯蚓粪肥部分替代化肥对兰州百合光合特性、品质和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (4): 221–227

Zhang Zhuo, Nie Jiangli, Qiu Xiaokun, Su Jiajia, Ren Junhan, Liu Guanghui, Liu Yanjun, Pei Yi. Effects of Earthworm Manure Partially Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Quality and Yield of Lilium davidii var. willmottiae[J]. Crops, 2026(4): 221–227

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处理 Treatment	株高Plant height (cm)
处理 Treatment	幼苗期 Seedling period	现蕾期 Bud period	开花期 Flowering period	谢花期 End flowering period
CK	14.24±0.95b	20.46±0.84b	22.28±1.15b	23.10±1.03b
T1	17.84±0.83a	24.58±1.16a	26.32±0.88a	27.08±1.29a
T2	19.08±0.64a	27.38±0.99a	29.20±1.20a	30.08±1.24a
T3	17.20±0.72a	24.54±1.07a	26.64±1.21a	27.26±0.77a
T4	17.08±1.24a	24.14±1.18a	26.12±0.40a	26.68±0.92a

处理 Treatment	茎粗Stem diameter (cm)
处理 Treatment	幼苗期 Seedling period	现蕾期 Bud period	开花期 Flowering period	谢花期 End flowering period
CK	0.491±0.002b	0.561±0.002d	0.647±0.003c	0.681±0.002b
T1	0.499±0.005ab	0.576±0.003bc	0.661±0.004ab	0.691±0.002ab
T2	0.509±0.003a	0.586±0.003a	0.668±0.004a	0.696±0.003a
T3	0.502±0.004ab	0.581±0.003ab	0.662±0.003ab	0.693±0.007ab
T4	0.496±0.005ab	0.567±0.003cd	0.655±0.002bc	0.688±0.002ab

处理 Treatment	叶片数Number of leaves
处理 Treatment	幼苗期 Seedling period	现蕾期 Bud period	开花期 Flowering period	谢花期 End flowering period
CK	106.00±4.17c	146.80±2.69c	153.60±2.09c	156.80±6.95c
T1	117.60±1.91ab	163.40±3.33b	171.40±4.33b	175.60±1.94b
T2	125.20±4.03a	181.60±3.61a	191.20±2.31a	196.40±3.12a
T3	114.80±3.35bc	163.00±3.39b	172.60±3.36b	176.60±4.09b
T4	112.40±2.77bc	158.60±2.77b	168.20±3.71b	172.00±3.27b

处理 Treatment	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (%)	可溶性蛋白质含量 Soluble protein content (mg/g)	总黄酮含量 Total flavonoid content (mg/g)	总酚含量 Total phenolic content (mg/100g)	V_c含量 V_c content (mg/100g)
CK	5.60±0.18c	5.48±0.38c	2.14±0.32a	10.38±0.96b	4.74±0.66b
T1	6.20±0.21b	6.21±0.57bc	2.21±0.27a	11.98±1.52ab	5.39±0.49ab
T2	7.27±0.13a	7.39±0.60ab	2.81±0.38a	12.64±1.08ab	5.96±0.57ab
T3	7.23±0.13a	7.99±0.30a	2.33±0.31a	15.28±0.98a	7.28±0.98a
T4	6.76±0.17a	7.72±0.14a	2.30±0.11a	14.87±0.46a	5.79±0.53ab

处理 Treatment	鳞茎直径 Bulb diameter (mm)	鳞茎鲜重 Fresh weight of bulb (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	产值（元/hm²） Output value (yuan/hm²)	肥料成本（元/hm²） Fertilizer cost (yuan/hm²)	产投比 Output-input ratio	纯收益（元/hm²） Net income (yuan/hm²)
CK	34.64±0.26b	12.68±0.19c	1585.00±24.27c	47 550.00±728.21c	3343.02	2.59b	29 206.98c
T1	35.05±0.50ab	13.41±0.19b	1676.25±23.77b	50 287.50±713.15b	5120.72	2.50b	30 166.78bc
T2	35.54±0.34ab	13.99±0.25b	1748.75±30.96b	52 462.50±928.87b	5050.42	2.62b	32 412.08b
T3	36.25±0.25a	15.25±0.28a	1906.25±35.34a	57 187.50±1060.24a	4980.11	2.86a	37 207.39a
T4	35.21±0.39ab	13.78±0.18b	1722.50±22.36b	51 675.00±670.76b	4909.81	2.60b	31 765.19bc