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作物杂志,2017, 第6期: 140–146 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.06.023

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种农艺性状及产量构成因素的影响

桑利民1,徐婧2,赵晓清3,郭元章2,蹇家利2,郝小玉2,郭久林1,高永海1,韩建国1,徐桂真2   

  1. 1承德市农林科学院,067000,河北承德
    2河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,050035,河北石家庄
    3河北省承德市农药监督管理站,067000,河北承德
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-01 修回日期:2017-09-08 出版日期:2017-12-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 徐桂真
  • 作者简介:桑利民,副研究员,主要从事作物育种与栽培研究
  • 基金资助:
    现代芝麻产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-2-01);抗枯萎病芝麻种质资源创新与适宜机收芝麻新品种选育(F17R03)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Agronomic Traits for Different Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties

Sang Limin1,Xu Jing2,Zhao Xiaoqing3,Guo Yuanzhang2,Jian Jiali2,Hao Xiaoyu2,Guo Jiulin1,Gao Yonghai1,Han Jianguo1,Xu Guizhen2   

  1. 1Chende Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Chengde 067000,Hebei,China
    2Institution of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,Hebei,China
    3Chende Pesticide Supervision and Management Station,Chengde 067000,Hebei,China
  • Received:2017-06-01 Revised:2017-09-08 Online:2017-12-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Guizhen Xu

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摘要：

为筛选芝麻高产稳产新品种,探索芝麻高产高效栽培新技术,选用冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号芝麻新品种,设置露地种植和地膜覆盖2种栽培模式,研究地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种产量构成因素、主要农艺性状和抗病性的影响,比较不同芝麻品种不同栽培模式下的产量和经济效益。结果表明,地膜覆盖可显著增加芝麻的株高和茎粗,同时降低始蒴高度,增加有效果轴长和单株果节数,促进根系生长,增加主根长度、侧根数量和分布范围。地膜覆盖栽培对芝麻病害影响不明显,但可显著增强芝麻抗倒伏能力,冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号露地种植倒伏率分别是覆膜种植的3.5、2.8和3.0倍;相关分析和偏相关分析表明茎粗和株高对倒伏率的影响达到极显著水平;品种与栽培模式对小区产量、单株生产力、千粒重和单株蒴数有极显著影响;二者的互作对单株生产力和单株蒴数有极显著影响,对小区产量有显著影响,对千粒重无显著影响。地膜覆盖大幅度提高各品种净收入和成本利润率,覆膜种植冀航芝2号获得的经济效益最大,成本利润率达到126.57%。

关键词: 芝麻, 地膜覆盖, 产量性状, 经济效益

Abstract:

In order to illustrate the effects of plastic film mulching on agronomic traits for different sesame varieties, three varieties, Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 were used as materials in this study. The yield, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and economic benefit were compared between the open field culture model and plastic film mulching culture model. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, effective fruit axial length, number of fruit nodes per plant were significantly increased by mulching culture, while the height of first capsule was decreased. Meanwhile, mulching culture was helpful to the root growth, due to the main root length, the number of lateral roots and the range of roots were increased. The effect of plastic mulching on sesame disease was not obvious. The ability of lodging resistance was enhanced by plastic film mulching. Lodging percentage of Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 in open field were 3.5, 2.8 and 3.0 times of the plastic film mulching cultivation respectively. Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis showed that the effects of stem diameter and plant height on the lodging percentage were significant (P<0.01). Variety and cultivation mode had very significant impact on plot yield, yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and capsule number per plant; and the interaction between them had very significant impact on yield per plant and capsule number per plant, which had significant impact on plot yield, and had no significant on 1000-grain weight. Plastic film mulching could substantially increase net income and cost-profit ratio of cultivated sesame, and Jihangzhi No.2 planted with plastic film mulching achieved maximum economic benefits, the cost-profit ratio reached 126.57%.

Key words: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), Plastic film mulching, Yield traits, Economic benefits

图1

不同栽培模式对不同芝麻品种农艺性状的影响 图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）,下同"

图2

不同栽培模式对不同芝麻品种抗病抗倒性的影响"

表1

倒伏率与芝麻农艺性状的相关系数和偏相关系数"

倒伏率
Lodging percentage		 茎粗
Stem diameter		 主根长度
Main root length		 侧根条数
Lateral root number		 根系分布范围
The range of roots		 株高
Plant height
倒伏率Lodging percentage 1 -0.852** 0.486 0.195 -0.515 -0.914**
茎粗Stem diameter -0.904** 1 0.237 0.442 -0.209 -0.805**
主根长度Main root length -0.736** 0.719** 1 0.537* 0.375 0.373
侧根条数Lateral root number -0.893** 0.849** 0.920** 1 0.191 0.451
根系分布范围The range of roots -0.750** 0.824** 0.697** 0.751** 1 -0.563*
株高Plant height -0.902** 0.696** 0.790** 0.890** 0.552* 1

表2

不同品种不同栽培模式下芝麻产量及产量构成因素的方差分析"

因素与互作
Factors and interactions		 小区产量(kg)
Plot yield		 单株生产力(g)
Yield per plant		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 单株蒴数
Capsule number per plant
A1 3.3567b 12.7967b 2.85483b 85.5000c
A2 3.9600a 13.7600a 3.04617a 98.0000a
A3 3.4050b 11.8250c 3.05700a 90.0000b
B1 3.0800b 11.4589b 2.93320b 77.6667b
B2 4.0678a 14.1289a 3.03880a 104.6667a
A1B1 2.9567c 12.5500bc 2.80667a 75.6667e
A1B2 3.7567b 13.0433b 2.90300a 95.3333c
A2B1 3.1900bc 11.0833cd 2.98067a 83.6667d
A2B2 4.7300a 16.4367a 3.11167a 112.3333a
A3B1 3.0933bc 10.7433d 3.01233a 73.6667e
A3B2 3.7167b 12.9067b 3.10167a 106.3333b
品种Variety ** ** ** **
栽培模式Cultivation pattern ** ** ** **
品种×栽培模式Variety×Cultivation pattern * ** NS **

表3

不同芝麻品种不同栽培模式的经济效益分析"

处理
Treatment		 成本(元/hm2) Cost (yuan/hm2) 小区产量(kg)
Plot yield		 单位面积产量(kg/hm2)
Yield in hectare		 毛收入
(元/hm2)
Income
(yuan/hm2)		 净收入
(元/hm2)
Net income
(yuan/hm2)		 成本利润率(%)
Cost-profit ratio
肥料
Fertilizer		 农药
Pesticide		 地膜
Film		 人工
Labour		 总成本
Total cost
A1B1 1 560.00 183.00 0 10 500.00 12 243.00 2.9567 1 369.53 16 434.32 4 191.32 34.23
A1B2 1 560.00 183.00 860.70 9 000.00 11 603.70 3.7567 1 740.08 20 880.99 9 277.29 79.95
A2B1 1 560.00 183.00 0 10 500.00 12 243.00 3.1900 1 477.59 17 731.08 5 488.08 44.83
A2B2 1 560.00 183.00 860.70 9 000.00 11 603.70 4.7300 2 190.91 26 290.92 14 687.22 126.57
A3B1 1 560.00 183.00 0 10 500.00 12 243.00 3.0933 1 432.80 17 193.59 4 950.59 40.44
A3B2 1 560.00 183.00 860.70 9 000.00 11 603.70 3.7167 1 721.55 20 658.66 9 054.96 78.04
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