不同施肥方式对河北省小麦产量及肥料贡献率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过总结2006-2013年河北省测土配方项目田间示范数据,分析了配方施肥（PF）与农户常规施肥（RF）对小麦产量及肥料贡献率的影响,为明确当前生产条件下河北省小麦产区施肥效果及肥料的合理施用提供依据。结果表明：河北省小麦施肥后增产效果显著,其中RF处理增产40.8%,PF处理增产54.8%,并且PF较RF可节肥9.36%、节本8.37%。PF与RF的平均肥料贡献率分别为35.0%和28.9%,平均差值为6.1%,且二者的肥料贡献率均与不施肥处理产量（土壤供肥能力）呈显著线性负相关关系,2条线斜率相近,这说明不同施肥方式肥料贡献率与土壤供肥能力的响应效果相差不大。不施肥处理产量每提高1 000kg/hm ²,PF和RF的肥料贡献率分别降低8.4%和8.2%,PF的肥料贡献率整体较RF高7.2%。在河北省小麦生产中应大力推广配方施肥、平衡施肥,提高肥料贡献率,并且应提高基础地力,以减少对肥料的依赖,实现减肥增效。

关键词: 配方施肥, 农户常规施肥, 肥料贡献率, 河北省, 小麦

Abstract:

Summing up the field experiments in Hebei Province during 2006-2013, the data of prescription fertilization and regular fertilization were collected to evaluate the different fertilization effects on wheat yield and their contribution rates to the yield in order to understand the present fertilization efficiency and provide basis for reasonable application of fertilizers. Results showed that the yield of wheat in Hebei was significantly increased after fertilization, among which 40.8% increased by regular fertilization, however 54.8% by the prescription fertilization. The yield under prescription fertilization increased 9.36% more than that under the regular fertilization, however cost decreased 8.37%. The average fertilizer contribution rate of prescription fertilization and regular fertilization was 35.0% and 28.9%, respectively, and the gap was 6.1%. The fertilizer contribution rate of prescription fertilization and regular fertilization was strong linear and negative correlation with the yield of non-fertilizer treatment which represented the ability to provide nutrition of the soil. The slope of the two lines was similar.It meant that the fertilizer contribution rate of different fertilization was not different from that of the soil basic fertility. With yield increasing 1 000kg/hm ², the contribution rate of prescription fertilization and regular fertilization would decrease 8.4% and 8.2%, respectively, and the gap of the contribution rate was 7.2%. The prescription fertilization and balance fertilization should be vigorously promoted in wheat production in Hebei to increase fertilizer contribution rate, as well as improve soil basic fertility, reduce the dependence on fertilizer, and achieve high economic efficiency with low fertilizer application rate.

Key words: Prescription fertilization, Regular fertilization, Fertilizer contribution rate, Hebei Province, Wheat

黄少辉,杨云马,刘克桐,杨军芳,邢素丽,孙彦铭,贾良良. 不同施肥方式对河北省小麦产量及肥料贡献率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (1): 113–117

Shaohui Huang,Yunma Yang,Ketong Liu,Junfang Yang,Suli Xing,Yanming Sun,Liangliang Jia. Effects of Different Fertilization Method on Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Contribution Rate in Hebei Province[J]. Crops, 2018(1): 113–117

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处理Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	合计Total
RF	272.2±76.3	152.1±53.7	55.7±50.3	480.0
PF	234.0±66.2	126.5±41.8	78.4±32.8	438.9

处理 Treatment	产值Gross income		施肥投入Fertilizer cost		施肥利润Net profit		产投比Output/input ratio
处理 Treatment	范围Range	平均值Mean	范围Range	平均值Mean	范围Range	平均值Mean	范围Range	平均值Mean
CK	2.89~19.0	10.8±3.0b	-	-	-	-	-	-
RF	4.63~37.0	16.6±3.3a	0.65~4.62	2.15±0.5a	-2.48~22.6	3.69±2.9a	-0.86~10.2	1.85±1.5b
PF	4.63~37.0	16.6±3.3a	0.83~4.28	1.97±0.5a	-2.35~23.5	3.87±2.9a	-0.84~15.8	2.13±1.8a