河北省小麦产量潜力、产量差与效率差分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提供小麦增产增效的理论依据,利用2011-2014年河北省“测土配方施肥”数据库数据对河北省小麦产量潜力、产量差和效率差进行了分析。结果发现：当前河北省小麦一般农户、高产农户、配方施肥和高产纪录的平均产量分别为6.48、8.38、7.05、9.89t/hm ²,氮肥偏生产力分别为25.3、31.0、32.1、43.1kg/kg,所对应的产量差YG1、YG2、YG3分别为1.89、0.56、3.41t/hm ²,氮肥偏生产力差PFPG1-N、PFPG2-N、PFPG3-N分别为5.6、6.7、17.8kg/kg。河北省邯郸地区的产量潜力和产量差最大,保定和沧州的产量潜力最小,而产量差则以沧州和衡水最小。不同地区小麦氮肥偏生产力差以邯郸最大,邢台最小。

关键词: 河北, 小麦, 产量潜力, 产量差, 氮肥利用效率, 氮肥偏生产力

Abstract:

In order to understand the yield potential, yield gap and nitrogen use efficiency gap in Hebei, a systematic research was conducted based on the dataset which was built by the National Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project in Hebei Province. The wheat yield in the dataset was divided into 4 wheat yielding levels including farmers’ average yield, farmers’ high yield, prescription fertilization yield, and high yielding record, and 3 yield gaps (YG) were calculated, and related N use efficiency of PFP-N were calculated according to the 4 yield levels. The results showed the farmers’ average yield, farmers’ high yield, prescription fertilization yield, and high yielding record were 6.48, 8.38, 7.05, 9.89t/hm ², respectively, and the YG1, YG2 and YG3 were 1.89, 0.56, 3.41t/hm ², respectively. The Handan had the highest yield potential and yield gaps, Baoding and Cangzhou had the lowest yield potential, and Cangzhou and Hengshui had the lowest yield gaps. The PFP-N for farmers average yield, farmers, high yield, prescription fertilization yield, and high yielding record were 25.3, 31.0, 32.1, 43.1kg/kg, respectively, and correspondent nutrient use efficiency gaps of PFPG1-N, PFPG2-N and PFPG3-N were 5.6, 6.7, 17.8kg/kg, respectively. Handan had the highest PFP gaps, Xingtai had the lowest.

Key words: Hebei Province, Winter wheat, Yield potential, Yield gap, Nitrogen use efficiency, PFP-N

黄少辉,杨云马,刘克桐,孙彦铭,杨军芳,贾良良. 河北省小麦产量潜力、产量差与效率差分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (2): 118–122

Shaohui Huang,Yunma Yang,Ketong Liu,Yanming Sun,Junfang Yang,Liangliang Jia. Yield Potential, Yield Gap and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Gap of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province[J]. Crops, 2018(2): 118–122

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地区 Region	产量Yield				产量差Yield gap
地区 Region	高产纪录 High yielding record	配方施肥 Prescription fertilization	高产农户 High-yield farmer	一般农户 Average farmer	YG1	YG2	YG3
廊坊Langfang	9.47±0.07	9.41±1.42	8.43±0.34	6.20±0.99	2.23	3.21	3.27
保定Baoding	8.34±0.13	6.78±0.45	7.72±0.41	6.16±0.50	1.57	0.62	2.18
沧州Cangzhou	8.50±0.24	8.29±1.08	7.79±0.31	5.64±0.11	2.15	2.65	2.86
石家庄Shijiazhuang	9.81±0.34	9.31±0.57	8.56±0.39	6.89±0.65	1.67	2.42	2.92
衡水Hengshui	9.24±0.40	9.03±0.46	8.68±0.16	7.37±0.48	1.32	1.66	1.87
邢台Xingtai	9.15±0.27	8.88±0.75	8.46±0.46	6.65±0.73	1.82	2.23	2.50
邯郸Handan	11.43±0.31	10.14±0.70	8.13±0.43	6.28±0.72	1.85	3.86	5.15

地区 Region	氮肥投入量N input (kg/hm²)				氮肥偏生产力PFP-N (kg/kg)
地区 Region	高产纪录 High yielding record	配方施肥 Prescription fertilization	高产农户 High-yield farmer	一般农户 Average farmer	高产纪录 High yielding record	配方施肥 Prescription fertilization	高产农户 High-yield farmer	一般农户 Average farmer
廊坊Langfang	270.0	231.1	239.9	240.8	35.0	29.6	35.2	27.5
保定Baoding	222.0	232.6	239.3	235.2	38.1	30.2	32.5	27.8
沧州Cangzhou	285.0	210.3	335.2	281.0	30.2	29.5	24.5	20.8
石家庄Shijiazhuang	233.5	214.1	238.8	249.6	43.2	34.8	37.9	30.1
衡水Hengshui	241.0	250.3	294.5	288.3	39.2	33.4	29.7	28.8
邢台Xingtai	225.0	267.3	334.8	281.0	26.1	29.3	28.1	24.7
邯郸Handan	165.0	205.6	299.8	294.9	43.0	36.7	28.3	22.4
平均Average	234.5	230.2	283.2	267.2	36.4	31.9	30.9	26.0